DOI: 10.1073/pnas.061019998. Logic gates using high Rydberg states

10.1073/pnas.061019998

Crossref journal-article

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (341)

Abstract

Connected logic gates can be operated on the levels of one molecule by making use of the special properties of high Rydberg states. Explicit experimental results for the NO molecule are provided as an example. A number of other options, including that of several gates concatenated so as to operate as a full adder, are discussed. Specific properties of high Rydberg states that are used are: their autoionization is delayed so that they can be distinguished from direct multiphoton ionization, during their long life such states also can decay by energy transfer to the molecular core in a way that can be controlled by the judicious application of very weak external electrical fields, and the Rydberg states can be detected by the application of an ionizing electrical field. The combination of two (or three) color photons with and without external weak fields allows the construction of quite elaborate logic circuit diagrams and shows that taking advantage of the different intramolecular dynamics of levels that differ by their excitation enables the compounding of logic operations on one molecular frame.

Bibliography

Remacle, F., Schlag, E. W., Selzle, H., Kompa, K. L., Even, U., & Levine, R. D. (2001). Logic gates using high Rydberg states. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 98(6), 2973â2978.

Authors 6

F. Remacle (first)
E. W. Schlag (additional)
H. Selzle (additional)
K. L. Kompa (additional)
U. Even (additional)
R. D. Levine (additional)

References 42 Referenced 27

E W Schlag, R D Levine Comments At Mol Phys 33, 159–180 (1997). / Comments At Mol Phys by Schlag E W (1997)
10.1146/annurev.physchem.48.1.675
10.1007/0-306-46938-3
E W Schlag ZEKE Spectroscopy (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U.K., 1998). / ZEKE Spectroscopy by Schlag E W (1998)
10.1021/j100019a032
10.1063/1.472308
10.1002/(SICI)1097-461X(1998)67:2<85::AID-QUA3>3.0.CO;2-U
10.1073/pnas.98.2.410
10.1039/a903888d
10.1126/science.285.5426.391
10.1126/science.289.5482.1172
10.1038/scientificamerican0600-86
10.1021/jo991781t
10.1021/ja9712229
10.1021/ja982909b
10.1103/PhysRevA.54.4789
10.1063/1.475142
10.1103/PhysRevLett.76.3530
10.1103/PhysRevLett.76.3526
10.1126/science.287.5452.463
10.1126/science.289.5484.1431a
10.1126/science.289.5484.1431a
10.1038/35005001
A S Tanenbaum Structured Computer Organization (Prentice–Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1990). / Structured Computer Organization by Tanenbaum A S (1990)
10.1109/T-AIEE.1938.5057767
10.1016/S0009-2614(98)00615-0
10.1063/1.474108
10.1063/1.465011
10.1016/0009-2614(93)85365-U
10.1063/1.467534
10.1063/1.468935
Witte T. Bucher C. Remacle F. Proch D. Kompa K. L. & Levine R. D. (2001) Angew. Chem. in press.
10.1016/0009-2614(94)00904-X
10.1103/PhysRevA.51.3922
10.1098/rsta.1997.0075
R D Levine Adv Chem Phys 101, 625–646 (1997). / Adv Chem Phys by Levine R D (1997)
F Remacle, R D Levine Mod Chemistry ACH 134, 619–636 (1997). / Mod Chemistry ACH by Remacle F (1997)
10.1021/jp962419a
10.1103/PhysRevLett.72.1435
10.1063/1.460460
10.1063/1.476464
10.1146/annurev.pc.36.100185.001425

Dates

Type	When
Created	23 years ago (July 26, 2002, 10:45 a.m.)
Deposited	3 years, 4 months ago (April 12, 2022, 3:17 p.m.)
Indexed	1 year, 11 months ago (Sept. 13, 2023, 11:35 a.m.)
Issued	24 years, 5 months ago (March 13, 2001)
Published	24 years, 5 months ago (March 13, 2001)
Published Online	24 years, 5 months ago (March 13, 2001)
Published Print	24 years, 5 months ago (March 13, 2001)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Remacle_2001, title={Logic gates using high Rydberg states}, volume={98}, ISSN={1091-6490}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.061019998}, DOI={10.1073/pnas.061019998}, number={6}, journal={Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, publisher={Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, author={Remacle, F. and Schlag, E. W. and Selzle, H. and Kompa, K. L. and Even, U. and Levine, R. D.}, year={2001}, month=mar, pages={2973–2978} }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2023,
        9,
        13
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2023-09-13T15:35:20Z",
    "timestamp": 1694619320038
  },
  "reference-count": 42,
  "publisher": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences",
  "issue": "6",
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [
      "www.pnas.org"
    ],
    "crossmark-restriction": true
  },
  "published-print": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2001,
        3,
        13
      ]
    ]
  },
  "abstract": "<jats:p>Connected logic gates can be operated on the levels of one molecule\n by making use of the special properties of high Rydberg states.\n Explicit experimental results for the NO molecule are provided as an\n example. A number of other options, including that of several gates\n concatenated so as to operate as a full adder, are discussed. Specific\n properties of high Rydberg states that are used are: their\n autoionization is delayed so that they can be distinguished from direct\n multiphoton ionization, during their long life such states also can\n decay by energy transfer to the molecular core in a way that can be\n controlled by the judicious application of very weak external\n electrical fields, and the Rydberg states can be detected by the\n application of an ionizing electrical field. The combination of two (or\n three) color photons with and without external weak fields allows the\n construction of quite elaborate logic circuit diagrams and shows that\n taking advantage of the different intramolecular dynamics of levels\n that differ by their excitation enables the compounding of logic\n operations on one molecular frame.</jats:p>",
  "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.061019998",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2002,
        7,
        26
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2002-07-26T14:45:09Z",
    "timestamp": 1027694709000
  },
  "page": "2973-2978",
  "update-policy": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.cm10313",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 27,
  "title": "Logic gates using high Rydberg states",
  "prefix": "10.1073",
  "volume": "98",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "F.",
      "family": "Remacle",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "The Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, The Hebrew\r University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel;\r D\u00e9partement de Chimie, B6, Universit\u00e9 de\r Li\u00e8ge, B 4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium; Institut\r f\u00fcr Physikalische Chemie, TUM D-85747 Garching, Germany;\r Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, D-85740\r Garching, Germany; School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv\r University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; and Department of Chemistry\r and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "E. W.",
      "family": "Schlag",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "The Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, The Hebrew\r University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel;\r D\u00e9partement de Chimie, B6, Universit\u00e9 de\r Li\u00e8ge, B 4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium; Institut\r f\u00fcr Physikalische Chemie, TUM D-85747 Garching, Germany;\r Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, D-85740\r Garching, Germany; School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv\r University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; and Department of Chemistry\r and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "H.",
      "family": "Selzle",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "The Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, The Hebrew\r University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel;\r D\u00e9partement de Chimie, B6, Universit\u00e9 de\r Li\u00e8ge, B 4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium; Institut\r f\u00fcr Physikalische Chemie, TUM D-85747 Garching, Germany;\r Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, D-85740\r Garching, Germany; School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv\r University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; and Department of Chemistry\r and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "K. L.",
      "family": "Kompa",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "The Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, The Hebrew\r University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel;\r D\u00e9partement de Chimie, B6, Universit\u00e9 de\r Li\u00e8ge, B 4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium; Institut\r f\u00fcr Physikalische Chemie, TUM D-85747 Garching, Germany;\r Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, D-85740\r Garching, Germany; School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv\r University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; and Department of Chemistry\r and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "U.",
      "family": "Even",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "The Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, The Hebrew\r University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel;\r D\u00e9partement de Chimie, B6, Universit\u00e9 de\r Li\u00e8ge, B 4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium; Institut\r f\u00fcr Physikalische Chemie, TUM D-85747 Garching, Germany;\r Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, D-85740\r Garching, Germany; School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv\r University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; and Department of Chemistry\r and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "R. D.",
      "family": "Levine",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "The Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, The Hebrew\r University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel;\r D\u00e9partement de Chimie, B6, Universit\u00e9 de\r Li\u00e8ge, B 4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium; Institut\r f\u00fcr Physikalische Chemie, TUM D-85747 Garching, Germany;\r Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, D-85740\r Garching, Germany; School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv\r University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; and Department of Chemistry\r and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "member": "341",
  "published-online": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2001,
        3,
        13
      ]
    ]
  },
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_1_2",
      "first-page": "159",
      "volume": "33",
      "author": "Schlag E W",
      "year": "1997",
      "unstructured": "E W Schlag, R D Levine Comments At Mol Phys 33, 159\u2013180 (1997).",
      "journal-title": "Comments At Mol Phys"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_2_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1146/annurev.physchem.48.1.675"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_3_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1007/0-306-46938-3"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_4_2",
      "volume-title": "ZEKE Spectroscopy",
      "author": "Schlag E W",
      "year": "1998",
      "unstructured": "E W Schlag ZEKE Spectroscopy (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U.K., 1998)."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_5_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1021/j100019a032"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_6_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.472308"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_7_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1002/(SICI)1097-461X(1998)67:2<85::AID-QUA3>3.0.CO;2-U"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_8_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.98.2.410"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_9_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1039/a903888d"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_10_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.285.5426.391"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_11_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.289.5482.1172"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_12_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/scientificamerican0600-86"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_13_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1021/jo991781t"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_14_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ja9712229"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_15_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ja982909b"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_16_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevA.54.4789"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_17_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.475142"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_18_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.76.3530"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_19_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.76.3526"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_20_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.287.5452.463"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_21_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.289.5484.1431a"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_22_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.289.5484.1431a"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_23_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/35005001"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_24_2",
      "volume-title": "Structured Computer Organization",
      "author": "Tanenbaum A S",
      "year": "1990",
      "unstructured": "A S Tanenbaum Structured Computer Organization (Prentice\u2013Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1990)."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_25_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1109/T-AIEE.1938.5057767"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_26_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0009-2614(98)00615-0"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_27_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.474108"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_28_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.465011"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_29_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0009-2614(93)85365-U"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_30_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.467534"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_31_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.468935"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_32_2",
      "unstructured": "Witte T. Bucher C. Remacle F. Proch D. Kompa K. L. &\n Levine R. D. (2001) Angew. Chem. in press."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_33_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0009-2614(94)00904-X"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_34_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevA.51.3922"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_35_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1098/rsta.1997.0075"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_36_2",
      "first-page": "625",
      "volume": "101",
      "author": "Levine R D",
      "year": "1997",
      "unstructured": "R D Levine Adv Chem Phys 101, 625\u2013646 (1997).",
      "journal-title": "Adv Chem Phys"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_37_2",
      "first-page": "619",
      "volume": "134",
      "author": "Remacle F",
      "year": "1997",
      "unstructured": "F Remacle, R D Levine Mod Chemistry ACH 134, 619\u2013636 (1997).",
      "journal-title": "Mod Chemistry ACH"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_38_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1021/jp962419a"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_39_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.72.1435"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_40_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.460460"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_41_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.476464"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_3_2_42_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1146/annurev.pc.36.100185.001425"
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "https://pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.061019998",
      "content-type": "unspecified",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "similarity-checking"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2022,
        4,
        12
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2022-04-12T19:17:33Z",
    "timestamp": 1649791053000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.061019998"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2001,
        3,
        13
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 42,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "6",
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2001,
          3,
          13
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "alternative-id": [
    "10.1073/pnas.061019998"
  ],
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.061019998",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "0027-8424",
    "1091-6490"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "container-title-short": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.",
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2001,
        3,
        13
      ]
    ]
  },
  "assertion": [
    {
      "value": "2001-01-11",
      "order": 1,
      "name": "accepted",
      "label": "Accepted",
      "group": {
        "name": "publication_history",
        "label": "Publication History"
      }
    },
    {
      "value": "2001-03-13",
      "order": 2,
      "name": "published",
      "label": "Published",
      "group": {
        "name": "publication_history",
        "label": "Publication History"
      }
    }
  ]
}