DOI: 10.1063/1.4871686. Origin of the enhanced flexoelectricity of relaxor ferroelectrics

Origin of the enhanced flexoelectricity of relaxor ferroelectrics

10.1063/1.4871686

Crossref journal-article

AIP Publishing

Applied Physics Letters (317)

Abstract

We have measured the bending-induced polarization of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 single crystals with compositions at the relaxor-ferroelectric phase boundary. The crystals display flexocoupling coefficients f &gt; 100 V, an order of magnitude bigger than the theoretical upper limit set by the theories of Kogan and Tagantsev. This enhancement persists in the paraphase up to a temperature T* = 500 ± 25 K that coincides with the onset of anelastic softening in the crystals; above T*, the true (lattice-based) flexocoupling coefficient is measured as f13 ≈ 10 V for both compositions. Cross-correlation between flexoelectric, dielectric, and elastic properties indicates that the enhancement of bending-induced polarization of relaxor ferroelectrics is not caused by intrinsically giant flexoelectricity but by the reorientation of polar nanodomains that are ferroelastically active below T*.

Bibliography

Narvaez, J., & Catalan, G. (2014). Origin of the enhanced flexoelectricity of relaxor ferroelectrics. Applied Physics Letters, 104(16).

Authors 2

Jackeline Narvaez (first)
Gustau Catalan (additional)

References 34 Referenced 97

10.1063/1.365983 / J. Appl. Phys. (1997)
10.1007/s10853-005-5915-7 / J. Mater. Sci. (2006)
{'key': '2023062216250426700_c3', 'first-page': '2069', 'volume': '5', 'year': '1964', 'journal-title': 'Sov. Phys. Solid State'} / Sov. Phys. Solid State (1964)
10.1103/PhysRevB.34.5883 / Phys. Rev. B (1986)
10.1063/1.1356444 / Appl. Phys. Lett. (2001)
10.1063/1.1570517 / Appl. Phys. Lett. (2003)
10.1063/1.1868078 / Appl. Phys. Lett. (2005)
10.1063/1.2211309 / Appl. Phys. Lett. (2006)
10.1063/1.1518559 / Appl. Phys. Lett. (2002)
10.1088/0953-8984/16/13/006 / J. Phys.: Condens. Matter (2004)
10.1038/nmat3141 / Nat. Mater. (2011)
10.1126/science.1218693 / Science (2012)
10.1146/annurev-matsci-071312-121634 / Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (2013)
10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.167601 / Phys. Rev. Lett. (2007)
10.1103/PhysRevB.80.054109 / Phys. Rev. B (2009)
10.1088/0953-8984/22/11/112201 / J. Phys.: Condens. Matter (2010)
10.1103/PhysRevB.88.174107 / Phys. Rev. B (2013)
10.1063/1.4802450 / Appl. Phys. Lett. (2013)
10.1080/00150190701354281 / Ferroelectrics (2007)
10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.199906 / Phys. Rev. Lett. (2008)
10.1063/1.3037220 / Appl. Phys. Lett. (2008)
10.1103/PhysRevB.64.184111 / Phys. Rev. B (2001)
10.1103/PhysRevB.66.054104 / Phys. Rev. B (2002)
10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.265701 / Phys. Rev. Lett. (2007)
10.1103/PhysRevB.80.064103 / Phys. Rev. B (2009)
10.1103/PhysRevB.88.174106 / Phys. Rev. B (2013)
{'key': '2023062216250426700_c27', 'first-page': '1121', 'volume': '10', 'year': '1968', 'journal-title': 'Sov. Phys. Solid State'} / Sov. Phys. Solid State (1968)
10.1063/1.339293 / J. Appl. Phys. (1987)
10.1103/PhysRevB.46.8003 / Phys. Rev. B (1992)
10.1007/s10853-005-5916-6 / J. Mater. Sci. (2006)
10.1088/0953-8984/24/4/045902 / J. Phys.: Condens. Matter (2012)
10.1088/0953-8984/24/4/045901 / J. Phys.: Condens. Matter (2012)
10.1016/j.actamat.2005.05.002 / Acta Mater. (2005)
{'volume-title': 'Piezoelectric Ceramics', 'year': '1971', 'key': '2023062216250426700_c34'} / Piezoelectric Ceramics (1971)

Dates

Type	When
Created	11 years, 4 months ago (April 24, 2014, 8:28 a.m.)
Deposited	2 years, 2 months ago (June 22, 2023, 9:45 p.m.)
Indexed	1 week, 3 days ago (Aug. 28, 2025, 8:18 a.m.)
Issued	11 years, 4 months ago (April 21, 2014)
Published	11 years, 4 months ago (April 21, 2014)
Published Online	11 years, 4 months ago (April 23, 2014)
Published Print	11 years, 4 months ago (April 21, 2014)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Narvaez_2014, title={Origin of the enhanced flexoelectricity of relaxor ferroelectrics}, volume={104}, ISSN={1077-3118}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4871686}, DOI={10.1063/1.4871686}, number={16}, journal={Applied Physics Letters}, publisher={AIP Publishing}, author={Narvaez, Jackeline and Catalan, Gustau}, year={2014}, month=apr }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2025,
        8,
        28
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2025-08-28T12:18:37Z",
    "timestamp": 1756383517070,
    "version": "3.41.2"
  },
  "reference-count": 34,
  "publisher": "AIP Publishing",
  "issue": "16",
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [
      "pubs.aip.org"
    ],
    "crossmark-restriction": true
  },
  "published-print": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2014,
        4,
        21
      ]
    ]
  },
  "abstract": "<jats:p>We have measured the bending-induced polarization of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 single crystals with compositions at the relaxor-ferroelectric phase boundary. The crystals display flexocoupling coefficients f\u2009&amp;gt;\u2009100\u2009V, an order of magnitude bigger than the theoretical upper limit set by the theories of Kogan and Tagantsev. This enhancement persists in the paraphase up to a temperature T*\u2009=\u2009500\u2009\u00b1\u200925\u2009K that coincides with the onset of anelastic softening in the crystals; above T*, the true (lattice-based) flexocoupling coefficient is measured as f13\u2009\u2248\u200910\u2009V for both compositions. Cross-correlation between flexoelectric, dielectric, and elastic properties indicates that the enhancement of bending-induced polarization of relaxor ferroelectrics is not caused by intrinsically giant flexoelectricity but by the reorientation of polar nanodomains that are ferroelastically active below T*.</jats:p>",
  "DOI": "10.1063/1.4871686",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2014,
        4,
        24
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2014-04-24T12:28:49Z",
    "timestamp": 1398342529000
  },
  "update-policy": "https://doi.org/10.1063/aip-crossmark-policy-page",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 97,
  "title": "Origin of the enhanced flexoelectricity of relaxor ferroelectrics",
  "prefix": "10.1063",
  "volume": "104",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "Jackeline",
      "family": "Narvaez",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "ICN2\u2013Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia 1 , Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain"
        },
        {
          "name": "2CSIC - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, ICN2 Building, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Gustau",
      "family": "Catalan",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "ICN2\u2013Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia 1 , Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain"
        },
        {
          "name": "ICREA - Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avan\u00e7ats 3 , 08010 Barcelona, Spain"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "member": "317",
  "published-online": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2014,
        4,
        23
      ]
    ]
  },
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "2023062216250426700_c1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "1804",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.365983",
      "volume": "82",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "J. Appl. Phys."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023062216250426700_c2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "31",
      "DOI": "10.1007/s10853-005-5915-7",
      "volume": "41",
      "year": "2006",
      "journal-title": "J. Mater. Sci."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023062216250426700_c3",
      "first-page": "2069",
      "volume": "5",
      "year": "1964",
      "journal-title": "Sov. Phys. Solid State"
    },
    {
      "key": "2023062216250426700_c4",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "5883",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevB.34.5883",
      "volume": "34",
      "year": "1986",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Rev. B"
    },
    {
      "key": "2023062216250426700_c5",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "2920",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.1356444",
      "volume": "78",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Appl. Phys. Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023062216250426700_c6",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "3293",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.1570517",
      "volume": "82",
      "year": "2003",
      "journal-title": "Appl. Phys. Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023062216250426700_c7",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "072905",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.1868078",
      "volume": "86",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "Appl. Phys. Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023062216250426700_c8",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "232902",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.2211309",
      "volume": "88",
      "year": "2006",
      "journal-title": "Appl. Phys. Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023062216250426700_c9",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "3440",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.1518559",
      "volume": "81",
      "year": "2002",
      "journal-title": "Appl. Phys. Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023062216250426700_c10",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "2253",
      "DOI": "10.1088/0953-8984/16/13/006",
      "volume": "16",
      "year": "2004",
      "journal-title": "J. Phys.: Condens. Matter"
    },
    {
      "key": "2023062216250426700_c11",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "963",
      "DOI": "10.1038/nmat3141",
      "volume": "10",
      "year": "2011",
      "journal-title": "Nat. Mater."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023062216250426700_c12",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "59",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.1218693",
      "volume": "336",
      "year": "2012",
      "journal-title": "Science"
    },
    {
      "key": "2023062216250426700_c13",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "387",
      "DOI": "10.1146/annurev-matsci-071312-121634",
      "volume": "43",
      "year": "2013",
      "journal-title": "Annu. Rev. Mater. Res."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023062216250426700_c14",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "167601",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.167601",
      "volume": "99",
      "year": "2007",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Rev. Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023062216250426700_c15",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "054109",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevB.80.054109",
      "volume": "80",
      "year": "2009",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Rev. B"
    },
    {
      "key": "2023062216250426700_c16",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "112201",
      "DOI": "10.1088/0953-8984/22/11/112201",
      "volume": "22",
      "year": "2010",
      "journal-title": "J. Phys.: Condens. Matter"
    },
    {
      "key": "2023062216250426700_c17",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "174107",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevB.88.174107",
      "volume": "88",
      "year": "2013",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Rev. B"
    },
    {
      "key": "2023062216250426700_c18",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "152904",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.4802450",
      "volume": "102",
      "year": "2013",
      "journal-title": "Appl. Phys. Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023062216250426700_c19",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "196",
      "DOI": "10.1080/00150190701354281",
      "volume": "351",
      "year": "2007",
      "journal-title": "Ferroelectrics"
    },
    {
      "key": "2023062216250426700_c20",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "199906",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.199906",
      "volume": "100",
      "year": "2008",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Rev. Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023062216250426700_c21",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "222905",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.3037220",
      "volume": "93",
      "year": "2008",
      "journal-title": "Appl. Phys. Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023062216250426700_c22",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "184111",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevB.64.184111",
      "volume": "64",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Rev. B"
    },
    {
      "key": "2023062216250426700_c23",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "054104",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevB.66.054104",
      "volume": "66",
      "year": "2002",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Rev. B"
    },
    {
      "key": "2023062216250426700_c24",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "265701",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.265701",
      "volume": "98",
      "year": "2007",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Rev. Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023062216250426700_c25",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "064103",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevB.80.064103",
      "volume": "80",
      "year": "2009",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Rev. B"
    },
    {
      "key": "2023062216250426700_c26",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "174106",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevB.88.174106",
      "volume": "88",
      "year": "2013",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Rev. B"
    },
    {
      "key": "2023062216250426700_c27",
      "first-page": "1121",
      "volume": "10",
      "year": "1968",
      "journal-title": "Sov. Phys. Solid State"
    },
    {
      "key": "2023062216250426700_c28",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "3331",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.339293",
      "volume": "62",
      "year": "1987",
      "journal-title": "J. Appl. Phys."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023062216250426700_c29",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "8003",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevB.46.8003",
      "volume": "46",
      "year": "1992",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Rev. B"
    },
    {
      "key": "2023062216250426700_c30",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "53",
      "DOI": "10.1007/s10853-005-5916-6",
      "volume": "41",
      "year": "2006",
      "journal-title": "J. Mater. Sci."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023062216250426700_c31",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "045902",
      "DOI": "10.1088/0953-8984/24/4/045902",
      "volume": "24",
      "year": "2012",
      "journal-title": "J. Phys.: Condens. Matter"
    },
    {
      "key": "2023062216250426700_c32",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "045901",
      "DOI": "10.1088/0953-8984/24/4/045901",
      "volume": "24",
      "year": "2012",
      "journal-title": "J. Phys.: Condens. Matter"
    },
    {
      "key": "2023062216250426700_c33",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "4001",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.actamat.2005.05.002",
      "volume": "53",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "Acta Mater."
    },
    {
      "volume-title": "Piezoelectric Ceramics",
      "year": "1971",
      "key": "2023062216250426700_c34"
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "Applied Physics Letters",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "https://pubs.aip.org/aip/apl/article-pdf/doi/10.1063/1.4871686/14297548/162903_1_online.pdf",
      "content-type": "application/pdf",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "syndication"
    },
    {
      "URL": "https://pubs.aip.org/aip/apl/article-pdf/doi/10.1063/1.4871686/14297548/162903_1_online.pdf",
      "content-type": "unspecified",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "similarity-checking"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2023,
        6,
        23
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2023-06-23T01:45:24Z",
    "timestamp": 1687484724000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://pubs.aip.org/apl/article/104/16/162903/131019/Origin-of-the-enhanced-flexoelectricity-of-relaxor"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2014,
        4,
        21
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 34,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "16",
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2014,
          4,
          21
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4871686",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "0003-6951",
    "1077-3118"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "published-other": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2014,
        4,
        21
      ]
    ]
  },
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2014,
        4,
        21
      ]
    ]
  },
  "article-number": "162903"
}