Abstract
The technique of atom probe tomography (APT) is reviewed with an emphasis on illustrating what is possible with the technique both now and in the future. APT delivers the highest spatial resolution (sub-0.3-nm) three-dimensional compositional information of any microscopy technique. Recently, APT has changed dramatically with new hardware configurations that greatly simplify the technique and improve the rate of data acquisition. In addition, new methods have been developed to fabricate suitable specimens from new classes of materials. Applications of APT have expanded from structural metals and alloys to thin multilayer films on planar substrates, dielectric films, semiconducting structures and devices, and ceramic materials. This trend toward a broader range of materials and applications is likely to continue.
References
161
Referenced
722
{'year': '2003', 'key': '2023072020241072500_c1'}
(2003)10.1016/0169-4332(95)00351-7
/ Appl. Surf. Sci. (1996)10.1103/PhysRev.31.66
/ Phys. Rev. (1928)10.1098/rspa.1928.0091
/ Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A (1928){'key': '2023072020241072500_c7', 'first-page': '412', 'volume': '17', 'year': '1936', 'journal-title': 'Zh. Tekh. Fiz.'}
/ Zh. Tekh. Fiz. (1936){'key': '2023072020241072500_c8', 'first-page': '136', 'volume': '31', 'year': '1951', 'journal-title': 'Z. Phys.'}
/ Z. Phys. (1951){'volume-title': 'Field Ion Microscopy', 'year': '1968', 'key': '2023072020241072500_c9'}
/ Field Ion Microscopy (1968){'volume-title': 'Field Emission and Field Ionization', 'year': '1993', 'key': '2023072020241072500_c10'}
/ Field Emission and Field Ionization (1993)10.1063/1.1656810
/ J. Appl. Phys. (1968)10.1002/9780470141410.ch1
/ Adv. Electron. Electron Phys. (1992)10.1016/0169-4332(94)00518-4
/ Appl. Surf. Sci. (1995)10.1063/1.1685846
/ Rev. Sci. Instrum. (1972){'volume-title': 'Introduction to Scanning Tunneling Microscopy', 'year': '1993', 'key': '2023072020241072500_c15a'}
/ Introduction to Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (1993){'volume-title': 'Atomic Force Microscopy/Scanning Tunneling Microscopy', 'year': '1997', 'key': '2023072020241072500_c15b'}
/ Atomic Force Microscopy/Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (1997){'volume-title': 'Proceedings of the 14th International Field Emission Symposium', 'year': '1967', 'key': '2023072020241072500_c16'}
/ Proceedings of the 14th International Field Emission Symposium (1967)10.1063/1.1683116
/ Rev. Sci. Instrum. (1968)10.1116/1.1318083
/ J. Vac. Sci. Technol. (1974)10.1063/1.1134386
/ Rev. Sci. Instrum. (1975)10.1063/1.1686808
/ Rev. Sci. Instrum. (1974)10.1016/0020-7381(72)80020-2
/ Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys. (1972){'key': '2023072020241072500_c23', 'first-page': '45', 'volume': '3', 'year': '1973', 'journal-title': 'Sov. Phys. JETP'}
/ Sov. Phys. JETP (1973)10.1063/1.1144319
/ Rev. Sci. Instrum. (1993)10.1063/1.433338
/ J. Chem. Phys. (1976)10.1016/0039-6028(78)90410-7
/ Surf. Sci. (1978)10.1063/1.435087
/ J. Chem. Phys. (1977)10.1016/0020-7381(80)80017-9
/ Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys. (1980)10.1016/0039-6028(79)90537-5
/ Surf. Sci. (1979)10.1063/1.327686
/ J. Appl. Phys. (1980)10.1016/0167-2584(91)90720-C
/ Surf. Sci. (1991){'year': '2005', 'key': '2023072020241072500_c32'}
(2005)10.1063/1.1871342
/ Appl. Phys. Lett. (2005)10.1063/1.2194089
/ Rev. Sci. Instrum. (2006)10.1063/1.2181654
/ Appl. Phys. Lett. (2006)10.1063/1.2191412
/ Appl. Phys. Lett. (2006){'first-page': '69', 'volume-title': 'Atom Probe Field Ion Microscopy', 'year': '1996', 'key': '2023072020241072500_c37'}
/ Atom Probe Field Ion Microscopy (1996)10.1103/PhysRevB.73.165416
/ Phys. Rev. B (2006){'key': '2023072020241072500_c39'}
{'key': '2023072020241072500_c40'}
{'key': '2023072020241072500_c41'}
10.1063/1.1686295
/ Rev. Sci. Instrum. (1973)- J. A. Panitz, US Patent No. 3,868,507 (February 25, 1975).
{'key': '2023072020241072500_c44', 'first-page': '824', 'volume-title': 'Proceedings of the 52nd Electron Microscopy Society Meeting', 'author': 'Bailey', 'year': '1994'}
/ Proceedings of the 52nd Electron Microscopy Society Meeting by Bailey (1994){'year': '1986', 'key': '2023072020241072500_c45'}
(1986)10.1016/0039-6028(91)90447-Z
/ Surf. Sci. (1991)10.1016/0039-6028(92)91065-J
/ Surf. Sci. (1992)- A. Cerezo and G. D. W. Smith, European Patent No. 0,231,247 (October 10, 1990).
10.1063/1.1139794
/ Rev. Sci. Instrum. (1988)10.1063/1.1136710
/ Rev. Sci. Instrum. (1981){'key': '2023072020241072500_c51', 'first-page': 'C8', 'volume': '50', 'year': '1989', 'journal-title': 'J. Phys. (Paris), Colloq.'}
/ J. Phys. (Paris), Colloq. (1989)10.1016/0169-4332(93)90351-B
/ Appl. Surf. Sci. (1993)10.1016/0169-4332(94)90370-0
/ Appl. Surf. Sci. (1994)10.1016/S0304-3991(97)00164-2
/ Ultramicroscopy (1998)10.1016/0168-9002(87)90059-3
/ Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A (1987)10.1063/1.1139341
/ Rev. Sci. Instrum. (1987){'key': '2023072020241072500_c57'}
10.1063/1.1829975
/ Rev. Sci. Instrum. (2005)- T. F. Kelly, J. J. McCarthy, and D. C. Mancini, U.S. Patent No. 5,061,850 (October 29, 1991).
- O. Jagutzki, H. Schmidt-Böcking, V. Mergel, A. Cerezo, and M. Huang, U.S. Patent No. 6,661,013 (December 9, 2003).
10.1109/TNS.2002.803889
/ IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. (2002){'volume-title': 'Atom Probe Field Ion Microscopy', 'key': '2023072020241072500_c62', 'first-page': '274'}
/ Atom Probe Field Ion Microscopy{'first-page': '197', 'volume-title': 'Atom Probe Tomography', 'year': '2000', 'key': '2023072020241072500_c63'}
/ Atom Probe Tomography (2000)- Y. Ishikawa, T. Yoshimura, S. Ohkido, and O. Nishikawa, Japanese Patent No. JP7043373 (February 14, 1995).
10.1016/0169-4332(94)90376-X
/ Appl. Surf. Sci. (1994)10.1116/1.587922
/ J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B (1995)- T. F. Kelly, P. P. Camus, D. J. Larson, L. M. Holzman, and S. S. Bajikar, U.S. Patent 08/272,204 (August 8, 1995).
10.1016/0304-3991(95)00086-0
/ Ultramicroscopy (1996)10.1017/S1431927606065809
/ Microsc. Microanal. (2006)- P. Panayi, Great Britain Patent Application No. GB2426120A, November 15, 2006.
{'volume-title': 'Field Ion Microscopy Principles and Applications', 'year': '1969', 'key': '2023072020241072500_c71'}
/ Field Ion Microscopy Principles and Applications (1969){'first-page': '37', 'volume-title': 'Atom Probe Microanalysis: Principles and Applications to Materials Problems', 'year': '1989', 'key': '2023072020241072500_c72'}
/ Atom Probe Microanalysis: Principles and Applications to Materials Problems (1989)10.1116/1.585467
/ J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B (1991){'volume-title': 'Atom Probe Field Ion Microscopy', 'key': '2023072020241072500_c74', 'first-page': '476'}
/ Atom Probe Field Ion Microscopy{'volume-title': 'Atom Probe Tomography', 'key': '2023072020241072500_c75', 'first-page': '25'}
/ Atom Probe Tomography10.1116/1.572370
/ J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A (1984)10.1088/0950-7671/44/12/428
/ J. Sci. Instrum. (1967){'year': '1969', 'key': '2023072020241072500_c78', 'first-page': '383'}
(1969)10.1111/j.1365-2818.1971.tb02361.x
/ J. Microsc. (1971)10.1088/0022-3735/16/7/014
/ J. Phys. E (1983){'key': '2023072020241072500_c81', 'first-page': 'C7449', 'volume': '47', 'year': '1986', 'journal-title': 'J. Phys. (Paris), Colloq.'}
/ J. Phys. (Paris), Colloq. (1986){'key': '2023072020241072500_c82', 'first-page': 'C6', 'volume': '49', 'year': '1988', 'journal-title': 'J. Phys. (Paris), Colloq.'}
/ J. Phys. (Paris), Colloq. (1988)10.1016/0169-4332(94)00504-4
/ Appl. Surf. Sci. (1995){'key': '2023072020241072500_c84'}
{'key': '2023072020241072500_c85', 'first-page': 'C9', 'volume': '45', 'year': '1984', 'journal-title': 'J. Phys. (Paris), Colloq.'}
/ J. Phys. (Paris), Colloq. (1984)10.1063/1.122104
/ Appl. Phys. Lett. (1998)10.1016/S1359-6454(99)00284-0
/ Acta Mater. (1999)10.1088/0957-4484/10/1/010
/ Nanotechnology (1999)10.1016/S0304-3991(99)00055-8
/ Ultramicroscopy (1999){'key': '2023072020241072500_c90', 'first-page': '24', 'volume': '7', 'year': '2000', 'journal-title': 'Microsc. Microanal.'}
/ Microsc. Microanal. (2000)- J. Schleiwies, Ph.D. thesis, Universität Göttingen, 2001.
10.1016/j.ultramic.2004.01.010
/ Ultramicroscopy (2004)- T. F. Kelly, R. L. Martens, and S. L. Goodman, U.S. Patent No. 6,576,900 (June 10, 2003).
10.1016/j.ultramic.2006.06.008
/ Ultramicroscopy (2007)10.1016/j.ultramic.2004.10.011
/ Ultramicroscopy (2005)10.1016/j.actamat.2004.03.015
/ Acta Mater. (2004)10.1016/S0304-3991(01)00116-4
/ Ultramicroscopy (2001)10.1017/S1431927604886616
/ Microsc. Microanal. (2004)10.1017/S1431927604883193
/ Microsc. Microanal. (2004)10.1017/S1431927606062817
/ Microsc. Microanal. (2006)10.1016/0169-4332(95)00397-5
/ Appl. Surf. Sci. (1996)10.1063/1.2005368
/ Appl. Phys. Lett. (2005)10.1016/j.intermet.2006.01.040
/ Intermetallics (2006)- K. H. Kuhlman and J. R. Wishard, U.S. Patent No. 200,410,056,195 A1 (August 29, 2004).
{'key': '2023072020241072500_c105'}
10.1016/j.actamat.2005.03.038
/ Acta Mater. (2005)10.1016/S0921-5093(02)00677-9
/ Mater. Sci. Eng., A (2003){'volume-title': 'Atom Probe Field Ion Microscopy', 'key': '2023072020241072500_c108', 'first-page': '135'}
/ Atom Probe Field Ion Microscopy10.1016/S1044-5803(99)00056-X
/ Mater. Charact. (2000){'volume-title': 'Atom Probe Tomography', 'key': '2023072020241072500_c110', 'first-page': '184'}
/ Atom Probe Tomography10.1016/S1044-5803(99)00050-9
/ Mater. Charact. (2000)10.1016/S0968-4328(00)00083-4
/ Micron (2001)10.1179/026708300101506957
/ Mat. Sci. Technol. (2000)10.1016/S0921-5093(99)00235-X
/ Mater. Sci. Eng., A (1999)10.1016/0956-7151(95)00040-3
/ Acta Metall. Mater. (1995)10.1016/0956-7151(95)00041-S
/ Acta Metall. Mater. (1995)10.1016/0956-7151(95)00042-T
/ Acta Metall. Mater. (1995)10.1016/S1359-6454(99)00175-5
/ Acta Mater. (1999){'year': '2004', 'key': '2023072020241072500_c119', 'first-page': '19'}
(2004)10.1002/jemt.20291
/ Microsc. Res. Tech. (2006)10.1017/S1431927606063975
/ Microsc. Microanal. (2006)10.1126/science.286.5448.2317
/ Science (1999)10.1016/S0022-3115(00)00240-3
/ J. Nucl. Mater. (2000)10.1016/S0968-4328(00)00082-2
/ Micron (2001)10.1016/j.jnucmat.2006.02.013
/ J. Nucl. Mater. (2006)10.1016/S0921-5093(02)00680-9
/ Mater. Sci. Eng., A (2003)10.1016/S1359-6462(00)00361-4
/ Scr. Mater. (2000){'key': '2023072020241072500_c128', 'first-page': '876', 'volume': '11', 'year': '2005', 'journal-title': 'Microsc. Microanal.'}
/ Microsc. Microanal. (2005)10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.036101
/ Phys. Rev. Lett. (2003)10.1007/S100050010051
/ Microsc. Microanal. (2000)10.1103/PhysRevB.69.104102
/ Phys. Rev. B (2004)10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01886-X
/ Mater. Sci. Eng., A (2002)10.1016/S1359-6454(01)00287-7
/ Acta Mater. (2001)10.1063/1.1354593
/ J. Appl. Phys. (2001)10.1103/PhysRevB.67.144420
/ Phys. Rev. B (2003)10.1063/1.127099
/ Appl. Phys. Lett. (2000){'key': '2023072020241072500_c137'}
10.1016/j.ultramic.2004.06.003
/ Ultramicroscopy (2004)10.1023/A:1019642215245
/ J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. (2002)10.1063/1.433338
/ J. Chem. Phys. (1976)10.1116/1.587376
/ J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B (1994){'key': '2023072020241072500_c142', 'first-page': 'C8', 'volume': '50', 'year': '1989', 'journal-title': 'J. Phys. (Paris), Colloq.'}
/ J. Phys. (Paris), Colloq. (1989)10.1063/1.2186394
/ Appl. Phys. Lett. (2006)10.1063/1.92757
/ Appl. Phys. Lett. (1981){'first-page': '620', 'volume-title': 'Proceedings of Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology', 'year': '2002', 'key': '2023072020241072500_c145'}
/ Proceedings of Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology (2002){'volume-title': 'Ultramicroscopy', 'key': '2023072020241072500_c146'}
/ Ultramicroscopy{'volume-title': 'Annu. Rev. Mater. Res.', 'key': '2023072020241072500_c147'}
/ Annu. Rev. Mater. Res.{'key': '2023072020241072500_c148'}
{'key': '2023072020241072500_c149'}
{'year': '1991', 'key': '2023072020241072500_c150'}
(1991)10.1016/0036-9748(77)90063-1
/ Met. Sci. (1977)10.1111/j.1365-2818.1975.tb04012.x
/ J. Microsc. (1975){'key': '2023072020241072500_c153', 'first-page': '3', 'volume': '125', 'year': '1981', 'journal-title': 'J. Microsc.'}
/ J. Microsc. (1981)10.1016/0304-3991(82)90171-1
/ Ultramicroscopy (1982)10.1016/0304-3991(83)90232-2
/ Ultramicroscopy (1983)10.1116/1.589917
/ J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B (1997)10.1007/s003390051090
/ Appl. Phys. A: Mater. Sci. Process. (1998)10.1103/PhysRevB.38.8490
/ Phys. Rev. B (1988){'key': '2023072020241072500_c159', 'first-page': '269', 'volume': '48', 'year': '1987', 'journal-title': 'J. Phys. (Paris), Colloq.'}
/ J. Phys. (Paris), Colloq. (1987){'key': '2023072020241072500_c160', 'first-page': '263', 'volume': '48', 'year': '1987', 'journal-title': 'J. Phys. (Paris), Colloq.'}
/ J. Phys. (Paris), Colloq. (1987){'volume-title': 'Atom Probe Field Ion Microscopy', 'key': '2023072020241072500_c162', 'first-page': '118'}
/ Atom Probe Field Ion Microscopy10.1063/1.1134488
/ Rev. Sci. Instrum. (1976)10.1016/0169-4332(95)00405-X
/ Appl. Surf. Sci. (1996)
Dates
Type | When |
---|---|
Created | 18 years, 4 months ago (March 30, 2007, 6:28 p.m.) |
Deposited | 2 months, 4 weeks ago (May 23, 2025, 9:09 a.m.) |
Indexed | 1 day, 13 hours ago (Aug. 21, 2025, 1:37 p.m.) |
Issued | 18 years, 5 months ago (March 1, 2007) |
Published | 18 years, 5 months ago (March 1, 2007) |
Published Online | 18 years, 4 months ago (March 30, 2007) |
Published Print | 18 years, 5 months ago (March 1, 2007) |
@article{Kelly_2007, title={Atom probe tomography}, volume={78}, ISSN={1089-7623}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2709758}, DOI={10.1063/1.2709758}, number={3}, journal={Review of Scientific Instruments}, publisher={AIP Publishing}, author={Kelly, Thomas F. and Miller, Michael K.}, year={2007}, month=mar }