DOI: 10.1063/1.2073968. Controlled large-scale synthesis and magnetic properties of single-crystal cobalt nanorods

Controlled large-scale synthesis and magnetic properties of single-crystal cobalt nanorods

10.1063/1.2073968

Crossref journal-article

AIP Publishing

Journal of Applied Physics (317)

Abstract

We report detailed synthesis studies of large-scale fabrication of single-crystalline cobalt nanorods using thermally evaporated gold as a conducting electrode on a nanoporous anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) template. By varying the time (i.e., adjusting the current density), it is possible to control the length of the nanorods and these rods grow in highly anisotropic face-centered (L10) phase. The large-scale isolation of these nanorods was achieved using a mild HF solution to dissolve the AAO membranes, leaving behind large scale ensemble of the isolated Co nanorods. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy examinations show clear evidence for metallic Co nanorods (about 100 nm in diameter) formed inside an array of AAO nanopores. We observe more uniform length of nanorods when an external magnetic field is applied during synthesis. A preferred perpendicular (shape) anisotropy is observed in these nanorod arrays. Magnetic properties indicate both coercivity and thermal activation volume increase with increasing nanorod length.

Bibliography

Aslam, M., Bhobe, R., Alem, N., Donthu, S., & Dravid, V. P. (2005). Controlled large-scale synthesis and magnetic properties of single-crystal cobalt nanorods. Journal of Applied Physics, 98(7).

Authors 5

M. Aslam (first)
R. Bhobe (additional)
N. Alem (additional)
S. Donthu (additional)
V. P. Dravid (additional)

References 35 Referenced 42

{'volume-title': 'Nanoparticles: From Theory to Application', 'year': '2004', 'author': 'Schmid', 'key': '2023071504020705100_c1a'} / Nanoparticles: From Theory to Application by Schmid (2004)
10.1002/0471220620 / Nanoscale Materials in Chemistry by Klabunde (2001)
{'volume-title': 'Monodispersed Particles', 'year': '2001', 'key': '2023071504020705100_c1c'} / Monodispersed Particles (2001)
{'volume-title': 'Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Films', 'year': '1998', 'key': '2023071504020705100_c1d'} / Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Films (1998)
10.1126/science.271.5251.933 / Science (1996)
10.1002/1521-3773(20020402)41:7<1188::AID-ANIE1188>3.0.CO;2-5 / Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. (2002)
10.1002/adma.200390087 / Adv. Mater. (Weinheim, Ger.) (2003)
10.1002/adma.200390086 / Adv. Mater. (Weinheim, Ger.) (2003)
10.1021/ar9700365 / Acc. Chem. Res. (1999)
10.1002/anie.200352090 / Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. (2003)
10.1002/1521-3773(20021115)41:22<4286::AID-ANIE4286>3.0.CO;2-M / Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. (2002)
{'key': '2023071504020705100_c2f', 'first-page': '2282', 'volume': '43', 'year': '2003', 'journal-title': 'Angew. Chem., Int. Ed.'} / Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. (2003)
10.1126/science.287.5460.1989 / Science (2000)
10.1038/nature01702 / Nature (London) (2003)
10.1126/science.1092641 / Science (2004)
10.1126/science.1063581 / Science (2001)
10.1038/35023100 / Nature (London) (2000)
10.1063/1.370357 / J. Appl. Phys. (1999)
10.1021/ja026501x / J. Am. Chem. Soc. (2002)
10.1063/1.358164 / J. Appl. Phys. (1994)
10.1126/science.1058120 / Science (2001)
10.1126/science.261.5126.1316 / Science (1993)
10.1063/1.118858 / Appl. Phys. Lett. (1997)
{'key': '2023071504020705100_c5', 'first-page': '499', 'volume': '21', 'year': '1987', 'journal-title': 'J. Mater. Sci.'} / J. Mater. Sci. (1987)
10.1016/0040-6090(95)07044-3 / Thin Solid Films (1996)
10.1021/nl025840l / Nano Lett. (2002)
10.1149/1.1601230 / J. Electrochem. Soc. (2003)
10.1039/B306581B / J. Mater. Chem. (2003)
10.1149/1.1491335 / Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. (2002)
10.1021/ac00109a003 / Anal. Chem. (1995)
{'key': '2023071504020705100_c12', 'first-page': '497', 'volume-title': 'Electrochemical Methods: Fundamentals and Applications', 'author': 'Bard', 'year': '2001'} / Electrochemical Methods: Fundamentals and Applications by Bard (2001)
10.1088/0022-3727/33/19/307 / J. Phys. D (2000)
{'key': '2023071504020705100_c14', 'first-page': '54', 'volume': '733', 'year': '1986', 'journal-title': 'J. Magn. Magn. Mater.'} / J. Magn. Magn. Mater. (1986)
10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.12.320 / J. Magn. Magn. Mater. (2004)
10.1016/S0013-4686(00)00353-4 / Electrochim. Acta (2000)

Dates

Type	When
Created	19 years, 10 months ago (Oct. 10, 2005, 6:11 p.m.)
Deposited	2 years, 1 month ago (July 15, 2023, 12:03 a.m.)
Indexed	4 weeks, 2 days ago (July 30, 2025, 6:45 a.m.)
Issued	19 years, 10 months ago (Oct. 1, 2005)
Published	19 years, 10 months ago (Oct. 1, 2005)
Published Online	19 years, 10 months ago (Oct. 12, 2005)
Published Print	19 years, 10 months ago (Oct. 1, 2005)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Aslam_2005, title={Controlled large-scale synthesis and magnetic properties of single-crystal cobalt nanorods}, volume={98}, ISSN={1089-7550}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2073968}, DOI={10.1063/1.2073968}, number={7}, journal={Journal of Applied Physics}, publisher={AIP Publishing}, author={Aslam, M. and Bhobe, R. and Alem, N. and Donthu, S. and Dravid, V. P.}, year={2005}, month=oct }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2025,
        7,
        30
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2025-07-30T10:45:18Z",
    "timestamp": 1753872318442,
    "version": "3.41.2"
  },
  "reference-count": 35,
  "publisher": "AIP Publishing",
  "issue": "7",
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [
      "pubs.aip.org"
    ],
    "crossmark-restriction": true
  },
  "published-print": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2005,
        10,
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "abstract": "<jats:p>We report detailed synthesis studies of large-scale fabrication of single-crystalline cobalt nanorods using thermally evaporated gold as a conducting electrode on a nanoporous anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) template. By varying the time (i.e., adjusting the current density), it is possible to control the length of the nanorods and these rods grow in highly anisotropic face-centered (L10) phase. The large-scale isolation of these nanorods was achieved using a mild HF solution to dissolve the AAO membranes, leaving behind large scale ensemble of the isolated Co nanorods. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy examinations show clear evidence for metallic Co nanorods (about 100 nm in diameter) formed inside an array of AAO nanopores. We observe more uniform length of nanorods when an external magnetic field is applied during synthesis. A preferred perpendicular (shape) anisotropy is observed in these nanorod arrays. Magnetic properties indicate both coercivity and thermal activation volume increase with increasing nanorod length.</jats:p>",
  "DOI": "10.1063/1.2073968",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2005,
        10,
        10
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2005-10-10T22:11:26Z",
    "timestamp": 1128982286000
  },
  "update-policy": "https://doi.org/10.1063/aip-crossmark-policy-page",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 42,
  "title": "Controlled large-scale synthesis and magnetic properties of single-crystal cobalt nanorods",
  "prefix": "10.1063",
  "volume": "98",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "M.",
      "family": "Aslam",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Northwestern University Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Nanotechnology, , Evanston, Illinois 60208"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "R.",
      "family": "Bhobe",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Northwestern University Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Nanotechnology, , Evanston, Illinois 60208"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "N.",
      "family": "Alem",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Northwestern University Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Nanotechnology, , Evanston, Illinois 60208"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "S.",
      "family": "Donthu",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Northwestern University Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Nanotechnology, , Evanston, Illinois 60208"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "V. P.",
      "family": "Dravid",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Northwestern University Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Nanotechnology, , Evanston, Illinois 60208"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "member": "317",
  "published-online": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2005,
        10,
        12
      ]
    ]
  },
  "reference": [
    {
      "volume-title": "Nanoparticles: From Theory to Application",
      "year": "2004",
      "author": "Schmid",
      "key": "2023071504020705100_c1a"
    },
    {
      "key": "2023071504020705100_c1b",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "DOI": "10.1002/0471220620",
      "volume-title": "Nanoscale Materials in Chemistry",
      "author": "Klabunde",
      "year": "2001"
    },
    {
      "volume-title": "Monodispersed Particles",
      "year": "2001",
      "key": "2023071504020705100_c1c"
    },
    {
      "volume-title": "Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Films",
      "year": "1998",
      "key": "2023071504020705100_c1d"
    },
    {
      "key": "2023071504020705100_c1e",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "933",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.271.5251.933",
      "volume": "271",
      "year": "1996",
      "journal-title": "Science"
    },
    {
      "key": "2023071504020705100_c1f",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "1188",
      "DOI": "10.1002/1521-3773(20020402)41:7&lt;1188::AID-ANIE1188&gt;3.0.CO;2-5",
      "volume": "41",
      "year": "2002",
      "journal-title": "Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023071504020705100_c2a",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "353",
      "DOI": "10.1002/adma.200390087",
      "volume": "15",
      "year": "2003",
      "journal-title": "Adv. Mater. (Weinheim, Ger.)"
    },
    {
      "key": "2023071504020705100_c2b",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "351",
      "DOI": "10.1002/adma.200390086",
      "volume": "15",
      "year": "2003",
      "journal-title": "Adv. Mater. (Weinheim, Ger.)"
    },
    {
      "key": "2023071504020705100_c2c",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "435",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ar9700365",
      "volume": "32",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Acc. Chem. Res."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023071504020705100_c2d",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "5213",
      "DOI": "10.1002/anie.200352090",
      "volume": "42",
      "year": "2003",
      "journal-title": "Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023071504020705100_c2e",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "4286",
      "DOI": "10.1002/1521-3773(20021115)41:22&lt;4286::AID-ANIE4286&gt;3.0.CO;2-M",
      "volume": "41",
      "year": "2002",
      "journal-title": "Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023071504020705100_c2f",
      "first-page": "2282",
      "volume": "43",
      "year": "2003",
      "journal-title": "Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023071504020705100_c3a",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "1989",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.287.5460.1989",
      "volume": "287",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Science"
    },
    {
      "key": "2023071504020705100_c3b",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "968",
      "DOI": "10.1038/nature01702",
      "volume": "423",
      "year": "2003",
      "journal-title": "Nature (London)"
    },
    {
      "key": "2023071504020705100_c3c",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "821",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.1092641",
      "volume": "303",
      "year": "2004",
      "journal-title": "Science"
    },
    {
      "key": "2023071504020705100_c3d",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "1803",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.1063581",
      "volume": "293",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Science"
    },
    {
      "key": "2023071504020705100_c3e",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "968",
      "DOI": "10.1038/35023100",
      "volume": "406",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Nature (London)"
    },
    {
      "key": "2023071504020705100_c3f",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "4325",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.370357",
      "volume": "85",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "J. Appl. Phys."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023071504020705100_c3g",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "8204",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ja026501x",
      "volume": "124",
      "year": "2002",
      "journal-title": "J. Am. Chem. Soc."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023071504020705100_c4a",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "6673",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.358164",
      "volume": "76",
      "year": "1994",
      "journal-title": "J. Appl. Phys."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023071504020705100_c4b",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "1947",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.1058120",
      "volume": "291",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Science"
    },
    {
      "key": "2023071504020705100_c4c",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1316",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.261.5126.1316",
      "volume": "261",
      "year": "1993",
      "journal-title": "Science"
    },
    {
      "key": "2023071504020705100_c4d",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "2467",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.118858",
      "volume": "70",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "Appl. Phys. Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023071504020705100_c5",
      "first-page": "499",
      "volume": "21",
      "year": "1987",
      "journal-title": "J. Mater. Sci."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023071504020705100_c6",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "207",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0040-6090(95)07044-3",
      "volume": "275",
      "year": "1996",
      "journal-title": "Thin Solid Films"
    },
    {
      "key": "2023071504020705100_c7",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "1393",
      "DOI": "10.1021/nl025840l",
      "volume": "2",
      "year": "2002",
      "journal-title": "Nano Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023071504020705100_c8",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "E468",
      "DOI": "10.1149/1.1601230",
      "volume": "150",
      "year": "2003",
      "journal-title": "J. Electrochem. Soc."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023071504020705100_c9",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2530",
      "DOI": "10.1039/B306581B",
      "volume": "13",
      "year": "2003",
      "journal-title": "J. Mater. Chem."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023071504020705100_c10",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "C75",
      "DOI": "10.1149/1.1491335",
      "volume": "5",
      "year": "2002",
      "journal-title": "Electrochem. Solid-State Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023071504020705100_c11",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "1920",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ac00109a003",
      "volume": "67",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "Anal. Chem."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023071504020705100_c12",
      "first-page": "497",
      "volume-title": "Electrochemical Methods: Fundamentals and Applications",
      "author": "Bard",
      "year": "2001"
    },
    {
      "key": "2023071504020705100_c13",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "2388",
      "DOI": "10.1088/0022-3727/33/19/307",
      "volume": "33",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "J. Phys. D"
    },
    {
      "key": "2023071504020705100_c14",
      "first-page": "54",
      "volume": "733",
      "year": "1986",
      "journal-title": "J. Magn. Magn. Mater."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023071504020705100_c15",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1598",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.12.320",
      "volume": "272-276",
      "year": "2004",
      "journal-title": "J. Magn. Magn. Mater."
    },
    {
      "key": "2023071504020705100_c16",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "2559",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0013-4686(00)00353-4",
      "volume": "45",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Electrochim. Acta"
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "Journal of Applied Physics",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "https://pubs.aip.org/aip/jap/article-pdf/doi/10.1063/1.2073968/14956509/074311_1_online.pdf",
      "content-type": "application/pdf",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "syndication"
    },
    {
      "URL": "https://pubs.aip.org/aip/jap/article-pdf/doi/10.1063/1.2073968/14956509/074311_1_online.pdf",
      "content-type": "unspecified",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "similarity-checking"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2023,
        7,
        15
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2023-07-15T04:03:06Z",
    "timestamp": 1689393786000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://pubs.aip.org/jap/article/98/7/074311/566504/Controlled-large-scale-synthesis-and-magnetic"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2005,
        10,
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 35,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "7",
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2005,
          10,
          1
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2073968",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "0021-8979",
    "1089-7550"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "published-other": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2005,
        10,
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2005,
        10,
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "article-number": "074311"
}