DOI: 10.1063/1.1749489. Theory of Solutions of Molecules Containing Widely Separated Charges with Special Application to Zwitterions

Theory of Solutions of Molecules Containing Widely Separated Charges with Special Application to Zwitterions

10.1063/1.1749489

Crossref journal-article

AIP Publishing

The Journal of Chemical Physics (317)

Abstract

The electrical contribution to the chemical potential of an ion having an arbitrary charge distribution is calculated with the aid of the Debye-Hückel theory. The calculation is based upon a general solution in polar coordinates of the approximate Debye-Hückel equation, Δψ—κ2ψ=0. In addition, the Born relation between the free energy of solvation of a spherical ion and the dielectric constant of the solvent, is generalized to include ions of arbitrary charge distribution. Application of the theory to a study of the influence of simple electrolytes, and of the dielectric constant of the solvent on the solubilities of the aliphatic amino-acids in alcohol water mixtures, is discussed.

Bibliography

Kirkwood, J. G. (1934). Theory of Solutions of Molecules Containing Widely Separated Charges with Special Application to Zwitterions. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 2(7), 351â361.

Authors 1

John G. Kirkwood (first)

References 18 Referenced 1,381

10.1021/ja02265a008 / J. Am. Chem. Soc. (1916)
{'key': '2024020811195041800_r2', 'first-page': '147', 'volume': '104', 'year': '1923', 'journal-title': 'Zeits. f. Physik. Chemie'} / Zeits. f. Physik. Chemie (1923)
10.1007/BF02325888 / Ergebnisse der Physiologie (1931)
{'issue': '36', 'key': '2024020811195041800_r3a', 'first-page': '44', 'volume': '20', 'year': '1932', 'journal-title': 'Naturwiss.'} / Naturwiss. (1932)
{'key': '2024020811195041800_r4', 'first-page': '36', 'volume': '135', 'year': '1928', 'journal-title': 'Zeits. f. Physik. Chemie'} / Zeits. f. Physik. Chemie (1928)
10.1021/ja01330a007 / J. Am. Chem. Soc. (1933)
10.1021/ja01360a012 / J. Am. Chem. Soc. (1931)
{'key': '2024020811195041800_r4c', 'first-page': '520', 'volume': '60', 'year': '1930', 'journal-title': 'Gazz. Chim. Ital.'} / Gazz. Chim. Ital. (1930)
{'key': '2024020811195041800_r4d', 'first-page': '897', 'volume': '61', 'year': '1932', 'journal-title': 'Gazz. Chim. Ital.'} / Gazz. Chim. Ital. (1932)
{'key': '2024020811195041800_r5', 'first-page': '297', 'volume': '33', 'year': '1932', 'journal-title': 'Phys. Zeits.'} / Phys. Zeits. (1932)
{'key': '2024020811195041800_r6', 'first-page': '129', 'volume': '22', 'year': '1921', 'journal-title': 'Phys. Zeits.'} / Phys. Zeits. (1921)
{'key': '2024020811195041800_r7'}
10.1017/S0305004100011919 / Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc. (1928)
10.1007/BF01881023 / Zeits. f. Physik (1920)
10.1039/tf9312700797 / Trans. Faraday Soc. (1931)
{'key': '2024020811195041800_r11', 'first-page': '44', 'volume': '20', 'year': '1932', 'journal-title': 'Naturwiss.'} / Naturwiss. (1932)
10.1126/science.79.2039.83 / Science (1934)
10.1021/ja01318a008 / J. Am. Chem. Soc. (1934)

Dates

Type	When
Created	20 years, 9 months ago (Nov. 3, 2004, 6:48 p.m.)
Deposited	1 year, 6 months ago (Feb. 8, 2024, 6:20 a.m.)
Indexed	2 days, 15 hours ago (Aug. 27, 2025, 11:58 a.m.)
Issued	91 years, 1 month ago (July 1, 1934)
Published	91 years, 1 month ago (July 1, 1934)
Published Print	91 years, 1 month ago (July 1, 1934)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Kirkwood_1934, title={Theory of Solutions of Molecules Containing Widely Separated Charges with Special Application to Zwitterions}, volume={2}, ISSN={1089-7690}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1749489}, DOI={10.1063/1.1749489}, number={7}, journal={The Journal of Chemical Physics}, publisher={AIP Publishing}, author={Kirkwood, John G.}, year={1934}, month=jul, pages={351–361} }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2025,
        8,
        27
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2025-08-27T15:58:32Z",
    "timestamp": 1756310312811
  },
  "reference-count": 18,
  "publisher": "AIP Publishing",
  "issue": "7",
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [
      "pubs.aip.org"
    ],
    "crossmark-restriction": true
  },
  "published-print": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1934,
        7,
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "abstract": "<jats:p>The electrical contribution to the chemical potential of an ion having an arbitrary charge distribution is calculated with the aid of the Debye-H\u00fcckel theory. The calculation is based upon a general solution in polar coordinates of the approximate Debye-H\u00fcckel equation, \u0394\u03c8\u2014\u03ba2\u03c8=0. In addition, the Born relation between the free energy of solvation of a spherical ion and the dielectric constant of the solvent, is generalized to include ions of arbitrary charge distribution. Application of the theory to a study of the influence of simple electrolytes, and of the dielectric constant of the solvent on the solubilities of the aliphatic amino-acids in alcohol water mixtures, is discussed.</jats:p>",
  "DOI": "10.1063/1.1749489",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2004,
        11,
        3
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2004-11-03T23:48:07Z",
    "timestamp": 1099525687000
  },
  "page": "351-361",
  "update-policy": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/aip-crossmark-policy-page",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 1381,
  "title": "Theory of Solutions of Molecules Containing Widely Separated Charges with Special Application to Zwitterions",
  "prefix": "10.1063",
  "volume": "2",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "John G.",
      "family": "Kirkwood",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Research Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "member": "317",
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "2024020811195041800_r1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1503",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ja02265a008",
      "volume": "38",
      "year": "1916",
      "journal-title": "J. Am. Chem. Soc."
    },
    {
      "key": "2024020811195041800_r2",
      "first-page": "147",
      "volume": "104",
      "year": "1923",
      "journal-title": "Zeits. f. Physik. Chemie"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024020811195041800_r3",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "781",
      "DOI": "10.1007/BF02325888",
      "volume": "33",
      "year": "1931",
      "journal-title": "Ergebnisse der Physiologie"
    },
    {
      "issue": "36",
      "key": "2024020811195041800_r3a",
      "first-page": "44",
      "volume": "20",
      "year": "1932",
      "journal-title": "Naturwiss."
    },
    {
      "key": "2024020811195041800_r4",
      "first-page": "36",
      "volume": "135",
      "year": "1928",
      "journal-title": "Zeits. f. Physik. Chemie"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024020811195041800_r4a",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "915",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ja01330a007",
      "volume": "55",
      "year": "1933",
      "journal-title": "J. Am. Chem. Soc."
    },
    {
      "key": "2024020811195041800_r4b",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "3292",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ja01360a012",
      "volume": "53",
      "year": "1931",
      "journal-title": "J. Am. Chem. Soc."
    },
    {
      "key": "2024020811195041800_r4c",
      "first-page": "520",
      "volume": "60",
      "year": "1930",
      "journal-title": "Gazz. Chim. Ital."
    },
    {
      "key": "2024020811195041800_r4d",
      "first-page": "897",
      "volume": "61",
      "year": "1932",
      "journal-title": "Gazz. Chim. Ital."
    },
    {
      "key": "2024020811195041800_r5",
      "first-page": "297",
      "volume": "33",
      "year": "1932",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Zeits."
    },
    {
      "key": "2024020811195041800_r6",
      "first-page": "129",
      "volume": "22",
      "year": "1921",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Zeits."
    },
    {
      "key": "2024020811195041800_r7"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024020811195041800_r8",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "89",
      "DOI": "10.1017/S0305004100011919",
      "volume": "24",
      "year": "1928",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc."
    },
    {
      "key": "2024020811195041800_r9",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "45",
      "DOI": "10.1007/BF01881023",
      "volume": "1",
      "year": "1920",
      "journal-title": "Zeits. f. Physik"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024020811195041800_r10",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "797",
      "DOI": "10.1039/tf9312700797",
      "volume": "27",
      "year": "1931",
      "journal-title": "Trans. Faraday Soc."
    },
    {
      "key": "2024020811195041800_r11",
      "first-page": "44",
      "volume": "20",
      "year": "1932",
      "journal-title": "Naturwiss."
    },
    {
      "key": "2024020811195041800_r12",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "83",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.79.2039.83",
      "volume": "79",
      "year": "1934",
      "journal-title": "Science"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024020811195041800_r13",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "536",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ja01318a008",
      "volume": "56",
      "year": "1934",
      "journal-title": "J. Am. Chem. Soc."
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "The Journal of Chemical Physics",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "https://pubs.aip.org/aip/jcp/article-pdf/2/7/351/18787997/351_1_online.pdf",
      "content-type": "application/pdf",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "syndication"
    },
    {
      "URL": "https://pubs.aip.org/aip/jcp/article-pdf/2/7/351/18787997/351_1_online.pdf",
      "content-type": "unspecified",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "similarity-checking"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2024,
        2,
        8
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2024-02-08T11:20:18Z",
    "timestamp": 1707391218000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://pubs.aip.org/jcp/article/2/7/351/201440/Theory-of-Solutions-of-Molecules-Containing-Widely"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1934,
        7,
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 18,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "7",
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          1934,
          7,
          1
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1749489",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "0021-9606",
    "1089-7690"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "published-other": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1934,
        7
      ]
    ]
  },
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1934,
        7,
        1
      ]
    ]
  }
}