DOI: 10.1063/1.1714490. Crystal Growth and Electro-Optic Effect of Bismuth Germanate, Bi4 (GeO4)3

Crystal Growth and Electro-Optic Effect of Bismuth Germanate, Bi4 (GeO4)3

10.1063/1.1714490

Crossref journal-article

AIP Publishing

Journal of Applied Physics (317)

Abstract

Single crystals of bismuth germanate Bi4(GeO4)3 having the eulytine structure, space group Td6, were grown. They were crucible-free pulled from a pool of molten material produced in its own powder at 1040°C by a thermal imaging technique. The material has an index of refraction of 2.07 and transmits light between 0.4 and 6.0 μ. The electro-optic coefficient r41 was determined to be 1.03·10−10cm/V. Although materials with higher r41 values are known, Bi4(GeO4)3 may find applications because the growth of large crystals appears possible by classical pulling techniques. A large variety of chemical substitutions are possible in the eulytine structure and might lead to improvements in the magnitude of r41.

Bibliography

Nitsche, R. (1965). Crystal Growth and Electro-Optic Effect of Bismuth Germanate, Bi4 (GeO4)3. Journal of Applied Physics, 36(8), 2358â2360.

Authors 1

Rudolf Nitsche (first)

References 15 Referenced 110

10.1364/AO.2.000839 / Appl. Opt. (1963)
{'key': '2024020208273969600_r2'}
{'key': '2024020208273969600_r3', 'first-page': '335', 'volume': '43', 'year': '1953', 'journal-title': 'J. Opt. Soc. Am.'} / J. Opt. Soc. Am. (1953)
{'key': '2024020208273969600_r4'}
{'key': '2024020208273969600_r5', 'first-page': '309', 'volume': '5', 'year': '1936', 'journal-title': 'Ann. Physik'} / Ann. Physik (1936)
10.1364/JOSA.51.000076 / J. Opt. Soc. Am. (1961)
{'key': '2024020208273969600_r7', 'first-page': '2484', 'volume': '50', 'year': '1962', 'journal-title': 'Proc. IRE'} / Proc. IRE (1962)
10.1364/AO.2.000320 / Appl. Opt. (1963)
{'key': '2024020208273969600_r9'}
{'key': '2024020208273969600_r10', 'first-page': '136', 'volume': 'A78', 'year': '1931', 'journal-title': 'Z. Krist.'} / Z. Krist. (1931)
{'key': '2024020208273969600_r11', 'first-page': '1151', 'volume': '245', 'year': '1957', 'journal-title': 'Compt. Rend.'} / Compt. Rend. (1957)
{'key': '2024020208273969600_r12'}
10.1002/zaac.19633240509 / Z. Anorg. Allgem. Chem. (1963)
{'key': '2024020208273969600_r14', 'first-page': '285', 'volume': '82', 'year': '1959', 'journal-title': 'Bull. Soc. Franc. Mineral. Crist.'} / Bull. Soc. Franc. Mineral. Crist. (1959)
10.1364/JOSA.38.000035 / J. Opt. Soc. Am. (1948)

Dates

Type	When
Created	20 years, 4 months ago (April 22, 2005, 12:39 p.m.)
Deposited	1 year, 6 months ago (Feb. 2, 2024, 4:49 a.m.)
Indexed	4 months, 2 weeks ago (April 15, 2025, 11:39 a.m.)
Issued	60 years, 1 month ago (Aug. 1, 1965)
Published	60 years, 1 month ago (Aug. 1, 1965)
Published Print	60 years, 1 month ago (Aug. 1, 1965)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Nitsche_1965, title={Crystal Growth and Electro-Optic Effect of Bismuth Germanate, Bi4 (GeO4)3}, volume={36}, ISSN={1089-7550}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1714490}, DOI={10.1063/1.1714490}, number={8}, journal={Journal of Applied Physics}, publisher={AIP Publishing}, author={Nitsche, Rudolf}, year={1965}, month=aug, pages={2358–2360} }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2025,
        4,
        15
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2025-04-15T15:39:15Z",
    "timestamp": 1744731555614
  },
  "reference-count": 15,
  "publisher": "AIP Publishing",
  "issue": "8",
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [
      "pubs.aip.org"
    ],
    "crossmark-restriction": true
  },
  "published-print": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1965,
        8,
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "abstract": "<jats:p>Single crystals of bismuth germanate Bi4(GeO4)3 having the eulytine structure, space group Td6, were grown. They were crucible-free pulled from a pool of molten material produced in its own powder at 1040\u00b0C by a thermal imaging technique. The material has an index of refraction of 2.07 and transmits light between 0.4 and 6.0 \u03bc. The electro-optic coefficient r41 was determined to be 1.03\u00b710\u221210cm/V. Although materials with higher r41 values are known, Bi4(GeO4)3 may find applications because the growth of large crystals appears possible by classical pulling techniques. A large variety of chemical substitutions are possible in the eulytine structure and might lead to improvements in the magnitude of r41.</jats:p>",
  "DOI": "10.1063/1.1714490",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2005,
        4,
        22
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2005-04-22T16:39:39Z",
    "timestamp": 1114187979000
  },
  "page": "2358-2360",
  "update-policy": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/aip-crossmark-policy-page",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 110,
  "title": "Crystal Growth and Electro-Optic Effect of Bismuth Germanate, Bi4 (GeO4)3",
  "prefix": "10.1063",
  "volume": "36",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "Rudolf",
      "family": "Nitsche",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Laboratories RCA Ltd., Zurich, Switzerland"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "member": "317",
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "2024020208273969600_r1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "839",
      "DOI": "10.1364/AO.2.000839",
      "volume": "2",
      "year": "1963",
      "journal-title": "Appl. Opt."
    },
    {
      "key": "2024020208273969600_r2"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024020208273969600_r3",
      "first-page": "335",
      "volume": "43",
      "year": "1953",
      "journal-title": "J. Opt. Soc. Am."
    },
    {
      "key": "2024020208273969600_r4"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024020208273969600_r5",
      "first-page": "309",
      "volume": "5",
      "year": "1936",
      "journal-title": "Ann. Physik"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024020208273969600_r6",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "76",
      "DOI": "10.1364/JOSA.51.000076",
      "volume": "51",
      "year": "1961",
      "journal-title": "J. Opt. Soc. Am."
    },
    {
      "key": "2024020208273969600_r7",
      "first-page": "2484",
      "volume": "50",
      "year": "1962",
      "journal-title": "Proc. IRE"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024020208273969600_r8",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "320",
      "DOI": "10.1364/AO.2.000320",
      "volume": "2",
      "year": "1963",
      "journal-title": "Appl. Opt."
    },
    {
      "key": "2024020208273969600_r9"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024020208273969600_r10",
      "first-page": "136",
      "volume": "A78",
      "year": "1931",
      "journal-title": "Z. Krist."
    },
    {
      "key": "2024020208273969600_r11",
      "first-page": "1151",
      "volume": "245",
      "year": "1957",
      "journal-title": "Compt. Rend."
    },
    {
      "key": "2024020208273969600_r12"
    },
    {
      "key": "2024020208273969600_r13",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "287",
      "DOI": "10.1002/zaac.19633240509",
      "volume": "324",
      "year": "1963",
      "journal-title": "Z. Anorg. Allgem. Chem."
    },
    {
      "key": "2024020208273969600_r14",
      "first-page": "285",
      "volume": "82",
      "year": "1959",
      "journal-title": "Bull. Soc. Franc. Mineral. Crist."
    },
    {
      "key": "2024020208273969600_r15",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "35",
      "DOI": "10.1364/JOSA.38.000035",
      "volume": "38",
      "year": "1948",
      "journal-title": "J. Opt. Soc. Am."
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "Journal of Applied Physics",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "https://pubs.aip.org/aip/jap/article-pdf/36/8/2358/18335661/2358_1_online.pdf",
      "content-type": "application/pdf",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "syndication"
    },
    {
      "URL": "https://pubs.aip.org/aip/jap/article-pdf/36/8/2358/18335661/2358_1_online.pdf",
      "content-type": "unspecified",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "similarity-checking"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2024,
        2,
        2
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2024-02-02T09:49:07Z",
    "timestamp": 1706867347000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://pubs.aip.org/jap/article/36/8/2358/508719/Crystal-Growth-and-Electro-Optic-Effect-of-Bismuth"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1965,
        8,
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 15,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "8",
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          1965,
          8,
          1
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1714490",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "0021-8979",
    "1089-7550"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "published-other": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1965,
        8
      ]
    ]
  },
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1965,
        8,
        1
      ]
    ]
  }
}