DOI: 10.1053/pcad.2002.123469. Atherothrombosis: Plaque instability and thrombogenesis

Atherothrombosis: Plaque instability and thrombogenesis

10.1053/pcad.2002.123469

Crossref journal-article

Elsevier BV

Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases (78)

Bibliography

Ruberg, F. L., Leopold, J. A., & Loscalzo, J. (2002). Atherothrombosis: Plaque instability and thrombogenesis. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 44(5), 381â394.

Authors 3

Frederick L. Ruberg (first)
Jane A. Leopold (additional)
Joseph Loscalzo (additional)

References 110 Referenced 34

10.1016/S0002-9343(99)00153-9 / Am J Med / Cellular adhesion molecules and atherogenesis by Price (1999)
10.1172/JCI3001 / J Clin Invest / The combined role of P- and E- selectins in atherosclerosis by Dong (1998)
10.1161/01.ATV.20.11.e83 / Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol / The transcription factor NF-kappa B and the regulation of vascular cell function by De Martin (2000)
10.1172/JCI269 / J Clin Invest / Engagement of human PECAM-1 (CD31) on human endothelial cells increases intracellular calcium ion concentration and stimulates prostacyclin release by Gurubhagavatula (1998)
10.1172/JCI119408 / Jo Clin Invest / Cell adhesion in vascular biology. New insights into integrin-ligand interaction by Loftus (1997)
{'key': '10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib6', 'first-page': '229', 'article-title': 'Platelet membranes and receptors', 'author': 'Perrschke', 'year': '1998'} / Platelet membranes and receptors by Perrschke (1998)
{'key': '10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib7', 'first-page': '261', 'article-title': 'Mechanisms of platelet activation', 'author': 'Kroll', 'year': '1998'} / Mechanisms of platelet activation by Kroll (1998)
10.1074/jbc.274.20.14368 / J Biol Chem / Nitric oxide inhibits thrombin receptor-activating peptide-induced phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity in human platelets by Pigazzi (1999)
10.1161/hh0801.089861 / Circ Res / Nitric oxide insufficiency, platelet activation, and Arterial thrombosis by Loscalzo (2001)
{'key': '10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib10', 'first-page': '180', 'article-title': 'Endothelial injury, vasoconstriction, and its prevention', 'volume': '22', 'author': 'Loscalzo', 'year': '1995', 'journal-title': 'Tex Heart Inst J'} / Tex Heart Inst J / Endothelial injury, vasoconstriction, and its prevention by Loscalzo (1995)
10.1172/JCI1753 / J Clin Invest / Inhibition of platelet function by recombinant soluble ecto-ADPase/CD39 by Gayle (1998)
10.1021/bi992581e / Biochemistry / Site-directed mutagenesis of human endothelial cell ecto-ADPase/soluble CD39: Requirement of glutamate 174 and serine 218 for enzyme activity and inhibition of platelet recruitment by Drosopoulos (2000)
10.1056/NEJM199905203402007 / N Engl J Med / Vascular-bed-specific hemostasis and hypercoagulable states by Rosenberg (1999)
10.1182/blood.V89.8.2817 / Blood / Factor V Leiden (resistance to activated protein C) increases the risk of myocardial infarction in young women by Rosendaal (1997)
10.1038/35025203 / Nature / Atherosclerosis by Lusis (2000)
10.1161/01.RES.85.8.753 / Circ Res / Oxidative stress as a regulator of gene expression in the vasculature by Kunsch (1999)
10.1161/01.RES.87.10.840 / Circ Res / Endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases: The role of oxidant stress by Cai (2000)
10.1161/01.CIR.99.2.189 / Circulation / Diabetes, oxidative stress, and platelet activation by Keaney (1999)
10.1016/S0098-2997(00)00005-4 / Mol Aspects Med / Atherosclerosis: from lesion formation to plaque activation and endothelial dysfunction by Keaney (2000)
10.1002/path.1711710311 / J Pathol / The expression of the adhesion molecules ICAM-1, VCAM-1, PECAM, and E- selectin in human atherosclerosis by Davies (1993)
10.1161/01.ATV.18.5.842 / Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol / Upregulation of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 at atherosclerosis-prone sites on the endothelium in the ApoE-deficient mouse by Nakashima (1998)
10.1038/386292a0 / Nature / A role for macrophage scavenger receptors in atherosclerosis and susceptibility to infection by Suzuki (1997)
10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06307.x / Ann N Y Acad Sci / CD36 in atherosclerosis. The role of a class B macrophage scavenger receptor by Nicholson (2000)
10.1038/83328 / Nat Med / The role of PPAR-gamma in macrophage differentiation and cholesterol uptake by Moore (2001)
10.1038/83348 / Nat Med / PPAR-alpha and PPAR-gamma activators induce cholesterol removal from human macrophage foam cells through stimulation of the ABCA1 pathway by Chinetti (2001)
10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81575-5 / Cell / PPARgamma promotes monocyte/macrophage differentiation and uptake of oxidized LDL by Tontonoz (1998)
{'key': '10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib27', 'first-page': '1292', 'article-title': 'Cytokines and growth factors in atherogenesis', 'volume': '116', 'author': 'Clinton', 'year': '1992', 'journal-title': 'Arch Pathol Lab Med'} / Arch Pathol Lab Med / Cytokines and growth factors in atherogenesis by Clinton (1992)
{'key': '10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib28', 'first-page': 'E453', 'article-title': 'Oxidant stress-induced transendothelial migration of monocytes is linked to phosphorylation of PECAM-1', 'volume': '273', 'author': 'Rattan', 'year': '1997', 'journal-title': 'Am J Physiol'} / Am J Physiol / Oxidant stress-induced transendothelial migration of monocytes is linked to phosphorylation of PECAM-1 by Rattan (1997)
10.1016/0049-3848(89)90098-4 / Thromb Res / Tumor necrosis factor enhances expression of tissue factor mRNA in endothelial cells by Conway (1989)
10.1128/MCB.8.12.5588 / Mol Cell Biol / Tumor necrosis factor suppresses transcription of the thrombomodulin gene in endothelial cells by Conway (1988)
10.1002/jcp.1041470120 / J Cell Physiol / Regulatory mechanisms for thrombomodulin expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro by Hirokawa (1991)
10.1016/S0021-9258(18)81633-7 / J Biol Chem / Regulation of type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor gene expression in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells: Induction by transforming growth factor-beta, lipopolysaccharide, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha by Sawdey (1989)
10.1055/s-0038-1653873 / Thromb Haemost / Transforming growth factor beta 1 and beta 2 induce down-modulation of thrombomodulin in human umbilical vein endothelial cells by Ohji (1995)
10.1016/S0021-9258(18)47160-8 / J Biol Chem / Nitric oxide regulation of superoxide and peroxynitrite-dependent lipid peroxidation. Formation of novel nitrogen-containing oxidized lipid derivatives by Rubbo (1994)
10.1073/pnas.87.4.1620 / Proc Natl Acad Sci USA / Apparent hydroxyl radical production by peroxynitrite: implications for endothelial injury from nitric oxide and superoxide by Beckman (1990)
{'key': '10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib36', 'first-page': '273', 'article-title': 'Nitric oxide and atherosclerosis', 'author': 'Eberhardt', 'year': '2000'} / Nitric oxide and atherosclerosis by Eberhardt (2000)
10.1161/01.HYP.37.2.767 / Hypertension / Workshop: Hypertension and cardiovascular risk factors: Role of the angiotensin II-nitric oxide interaction by Raij (2001)
10.1016/S0002-9149(01)01539-9 / Am J Card / Angiotensin II and atherosclerosis by Weiss (2001)
10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06299.x / Ann N Y Acad Sci / The extracellular matrix dynamically regulates smooth muscle cell responsiveness to PDGF by Raines (2000)
10.1016/S0002-9149(00)01334-5 / Am J Cardiol / Relation between endothelial dysfunction and the acute coronary syndrome: implications for therapy by Kinlay (2000)
10.1161/01.ATV.11.5.1223 / Arterioscler Thromb / Cytokines and growth factors positively and negatively regulate interstitial collagen gene expression in human vascular smooth muscle cells by Amento (1991)
10.1046/j.1365-2796.2000.00654.x / J Int Med / Changing concepts of atherogenesis by Libby (1999)
10.1172/JCI117619 / J Clin Invest / Increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases and matrix degrading activity in vulnerable regions of human atheroselerotic plaques by Galis (1994)
10.1172/JCI10403 / J Clin Invest / Tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 is a novel inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases with implications for atherosclerosis by Herman (2001)
10.1016/S0167-4838(99)00279-4 / Biochim Biophys Acta / Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases: Evolution, structure and function by Brew (2000)
10.1073/pnas.86.8.2839 / Proc Natl Acad Sci USA / Localization of tissue factor in the normal vessel wall and in the atherosclerotic plaque by Wilcox (1989)
10.1007/PL00000776 / Cell Mol Life Sci / The CD40/CD154 receptor/ligand dyad by Schonbeck (2001)
10.1056/NEJM200006153422406 / N Engl J Med / Mechanisms of disease: Plasminogen-activator inhibitor type 1 and coronary artery disease by Kohler (2000)
10.1161/01.CIR.100.11.1154 / Circulation / Role of lipoprotein(a) and apolipoprotein(a) phenotype in atherogenesis: Prospective results from the Bruneck study by Kronenberg (1999)
10.1056/NEJM198308183090703 / N Engl J Med / Protective effects of aspirin against acute myocardial infarction and death in men with unstable angina: Results of a Veterans Administration Cooperative Study by Lewis (1983)
10.1056/NEJM198511283132201 / N Engl J Med / Aspirin, sulfinpyrazone, or both in unstable angina: Results of a Canadian multicenter trial by Cairns (1985)
10.1056/NEJM198810273191701 / N Engl J Med / Aspirin, heparin, or both to treat acute unstable angina by Theroux (1988)
{'issue': '8607', 'key': '10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib53', 'first-page': '349', 'article-title': 'Randomised trial of intravenous streptokinase, oral aspirin, both, or neither among 17,187 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction', 'volume': '2', 'author': 'ISIS-2: ISIS-2 Second International Study of Infarct Survival Collaborative Group', 'year': '1988', 'journal-title': 'Lancet'} / Lancet / Randomised trial of intravenous streptokinase, oral aspirin, both, or neither among 17,187 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction by ISIS-2: ISIS-2 Second International Study of Infarct Survival Collaborative Group (1988)
10.3109/09537109309013225 / Platelets / The basic pharmacology of ticlopidine and clopidogrel by Schror (1993)
10.1016/S0140-6736(96)09457-3 / Lancet (1996)
10.1161/01.CIR.82.1.17 / Circulation / Antiplatelet treatment with ticlopidine in unstable angina: A controlled multicenter clinical trial. The Studio della Ticlopidina nell' Angina Instabile Group by Balsano (1990)
10.1001/jama.285.14.1828-JMN0411-2-1 / Jama / Results of CURE trial for acute coronary syndrome by Mitka (2001)
10.1161/01.CIR.98.11.1085 / Circulation / Abciximab (ReoPro, chimeric 7E3 Fab) demonstrates equivalent affinity and functional blockade of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa and avβ3 integrins by Tam (1998)
10.1016/S0140-6736(98)11086-3 / Lancet / Platelet GPIIb-IIIa blockers by Topol (1999)
10.1097/00019501-199809090-00008 / Cor Art Dis / Pharmacology of the intravenous platelet receptor glycoprotein IIb-IIIa antagonists by Kleiman (1998)
10.1056/NEJM199805213382102 / N Engl J Med / Inhibition of the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor with tirofiban in unstable angina and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction. Platelet Receptor Inhibition in Ischemic Syndrome Management in Patients Limited by Unstable Signs and Symptoms (PRISM-PLUS) Study Investigators by The PRISM-PLUS Investigators (1998)
10.1056/NEJM199808133390704 / N Engl J Med / Inhibition of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa with eptifibatide in patients with acute coronary syndormes. The PURSUIT Trial Investigators. Platelet Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa in Unstable Angina: Receptor Suppression Using Integrilin Therapy by The PURSUIT Trial Investigators (1998)
10.1016/S0140-6736(96)10452-9 / Lancet / Randomised placebo-controlled trial of abciximab before and during coronary intervention in refractory unstable angina: The CAPTURE Study by The CAPTURE investigators (1997)
10.1056/NEJM199404073301402 / N Engl J Med (1994)
10.1056/NEJM199706123362401 / N Engl J Med (1997)
10.1016/S0140-6736(98)85010-1 / Lancet (1998)
10.1001/jama.284.12.1549 / JAMA / Current role of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in acute coronary syndromes by Bhatt (2000)
10.1056/NEJM200106213442503 / N Engl J Med / Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition with coronary stenting for acute myocardial infarction by Montalescot (2001)
10.1016/S0140-6736(99)11179-6 / Lancet (2000)
10.1161/01.CIR.102.2.149 / Circulation / Oral glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition with orbofiban in patients with unstable coronary syndromes (OPUS-TIMI 16) trial by Cannon (2000)
10.1056/NEJM200005043421803 / N Engl J Med / Long-term treatment with a platelet glycoprotein-receptor antagonist after percutaneous coronary revascularization. EXCITE Trial Investigators. Evaluation of Oral Xemilofiban in Controlling Thrombotic Events by O'Neill (2000)
10.1016/S0002-9343(99)00416-7 / Am J Med / Redefining medical treatment in the management of unstable angina by Braunwald (2000)
10.1378/chest.115.5.1418 / Chest / Clinical uses of low-molecular-weight heparins by Aguilar (1999)
10.1161/01.CIR.96.1.61 / Circulation / Comparison of low-molecular-weight heparin with unfractionated heparin acutely and with placebo for 6 weeks in the management of unstable coronary artery disease. FRagmin In unstable Coronary artery disease study (FRIC) by Klein (1997)
10.1056/NEJM199708143370702 / N Engl J Med / A comparison of low-molecular-weight heparin with unfractionated heparin for unstable coronary artery disease. Efficacy and Safety of Subcutaneous Enoxaparin in Non-Q-Wave Coronary Events Study Group by Cohen (1997)
10.1161/01.CIR.100.15.1593 / Circulation / Enoxaparin prevents death and cardiac ischemic events in unstable angina/non–Q-Wave myocardial infarctionresults of the Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 11B trial by Antman (1999)
{'issue': 'suppl F', 'key': '10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib77', 'first-page': '27F', 'article-title': 'The mechanism of action of thrombin inhibitors', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'Bates', 'year': '2000', 'journal-title': 'J Invasive Cardiol'} / J Invasive Cardiol / The mechanism of action of thrombin inhibitors by Bates (2000)
10.1016/S0140-6736(98)07332-2 / Lancet / Effects of recombinant hirudin (lepirudin) compared with heparin on death, myocardial infarction, refractory angina, and revascularisation procedures in patients with acute myocardial ischaemia without ST elevationa randomised trial by Organization to Assess Strategies for Ischemic Syndromes OASIS-2 Investigators (1999)
10.1161/01.CIR.103.10.1479 / Circulation / Recombinant hirudin in clinical practice: Focus on lepirudin by Greinacher (2001)
{'issue': 'suppl F', 'key': '10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib80', 'first-page': '1F', 'article-title': 'The role of bivalirudin in percutaneous coronary intervention', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'Topol', 'year': '2000', 'journal-title': 'J Invasive Cardiol'} / J Invasive Cardiol / The role of bivalirudin in percutaneous coronary intervention by Topol (2000)
10.1161/01.CIR.89.1.81 / Circulation / Combination antithrombotic therapy in unstable rest angina and non-Q-wave infarction in nonprior aspirin usersprimary end points analysis from the ATACS trial. Antithrombotic Therapy in Acute Coronary Syndromes Research Group by Cohen (1994)
10.1001/jama.282.21.2058 / JAMA / Oral anticoagulant therapy in patients with coronary artery diseasea meta-analysis by Anand (1999)
10.1182/blood.V78.9.2194.2194 / Blood / Rapid anticoagulation using ancrod for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia by Demers (1991)
10.1001/jama.283.18.2395 / JAMA / Intravenous ancrod for treatment of acute ischemic stroke: the STAT study: A randomized controlled trial. Stroke Treatment with Ancrod Trial by Sherman (2000)
10.1056/NEJM199311253292204 / N Engl J Med (1993)
{'key': '10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib86', 'year': '2001'} (2001)
10.1161/01.CIR.99.21.2720 / Circulation / Abciximab facilitates the rate and extent of thrombolysis: Results of the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) 14 trial. The TIMI 14 Investigators by Antman (1999)
10.1067/mhj.2001.113574 / Am Heart J / Abciximab and early adjunctive percutaneous coronary intervention are associated with improved ST-segment resolution after thrombolysis: Observations from the TIMI 14 Trial by de Lemos (2001)
10.1161/01.CIR.89.4.1545 / Circulation (1994)
10.1136/bmj.316.7141.1337 / BMJ / 10 year survival among patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction in randomized comparison of intravenous streptokinase, oral aspirin, both, or neither. The ISIS-2 (Second International Study of Infarct Survival) Collaborative Group by Baigent (1998)
10.1161/01.CIR.98.24.2659 / Circulation / Ten-year follow-up of the first megatrial testing thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction, results of the Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Infarto-1 study. The GISSI Investigators by Franzosi (1998)
{'key': '10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib92', 'first-page': '1383', 'volume': '344', 'year': '1994', 'journal-title': 'Lancet'} / Lancet (1994)
10.1056/NEJM199610033351401 / N Engl J Med / The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. Cholesterol and Recurrent Events Trial investigators by Sacks (1996)
10.1016/S0167-5273(00)00325-9 / Int J Cardiol / Effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor on hemostasis by Koh (2000)
10.1152/ajpheart.2000.279.6.H2649 / Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol / Simvastatin upregulates coronary vascular endothelial nitric oxide production in conscious dogs by Mital (2000)
10.1016/S0002-9149(00)01339-4 / Am J Cardiol / Coronary artery injury and the biology of atherosclerosis: Inflammation, thrombosis, and stabilization by Libby (2000)
10.1001/jama.285.13.1711 / JAMA / Effects of atorvastatin on early recurrent ischemic events in acute coronary syndromes: The MIRACL study: A randomized controlled trial by Schwartz (2001)
10.1056/NEJM200001203420301 / N Engl J Med / Effects of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators by Yusuf (2000)
10.1016/S0002-9149(01)01509-0 / Am J Cardiol / Angiotensin, fibrinolysis, and vascular homeostasis by Vaughn (2001)
10.1161/01.CIR.103.13.1813 / Circulation / High-sensitivity C-reactive protein: Potential adjunct for global risk assessment in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease by Ridker (2001)
10.1136/heart.85.6.623 / Heart / Risk stratification in unstable angina and non-Q wave myocardial infarction using soluble cell adhesion molecules by Mulvihill (2001)
10.1016/S0021-9150(00)00672-9 / Atherosclerosis / Soluble adhesion molecules and unstable coronary artery disease by Parker (2001)
10.1073/pnas.97.13.7464 / Proc Natl Acad Sci USA / Both early and delayed anti-CD40L antibody treatment induces a stable plaque phenotype by Lutgens (2000)
10.1161/01.ATV.19.9.2094 / Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol / Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor activators target human endothelial cells to inhibit leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction by Jackson (1999)
10.1161/01.CIR.101.3.235 / Circulation / Modulation of vascular inflammation in vitro and in vivo by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activators by Pasceri (2000)
10.7326/0003-4819-134-1-200101020-00014 / Ann Intern Med / Nonhypoglycemic effects of thiazolidinediones by Parulkar (2001)
10.1073/pnas.96.3.1065 / Proc Natl Acad Sci USA / Gene therapy to promote thromboresistance: Local overexpression of tissue plasminogen activator to prevent arterial thrombosis in an in vivo rabbit model by Waugh (1999)
10.1161/01.CIR.102.3.332 / Circulation / Thrombomodulin overexpression to limit neointima formation by Waugh (2000)
10.1161/01.CIR.101.3.289 / Circulation / Thromboresistance of balloon-injured porcine carotid arteries after local gene transfer of human tissue factor pathway inhibitor by Zoldhelyi (2000)
10.1161/01.CIR.103.22.2760 / Circulation / Therapeutic potential of nitric oxide synthase gene manipulation by von der Leyen (2001)

Dates

Type	When
Created	23 years ago (Aug. 24, 2002, 11:46 p.m.)
Deposited	4 years, 3 months ago (May 16, 2021, 2:15 a.m.)
Indexed	4 weeks ago (Aug. 6, 2025, 9:14 a.m.)
Issued	23 years, 6 months ago (March 1, 2002)
Published	23 years, 6 months ago (March 1, 2002)
Published Print	23 years, 6 months ago (March 1, 2002)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Ruberg_2002, title={Atherothrombosis: Plaque instability and thrombogenesis}, volume={44}, ISSN={0033-0620}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/pcad.2002.123469}, DOI={10.1053/pcad.2002.123469}, number={5}, journal={Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Ruberg, Frederick L. and Leopold, Jane A. and Loscalzo, Joseph}, year={2002}, month=mar, pages={381–394} }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2025,
        8,
        6
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2025-08-06T13:14:44Z",
    "timestamp": 1754486084028
  },
  "reference-count": 110,
  "publisher": "Elsevier BV",
  "issue": "5",
  "license": [
    {
      "start": {
        "date-parts": [
          [
            2002,
            3,
            1
          ]
        ],
        "date-time": "2002-03-01T00:00:00Z",
        "timestamp": 1014940800000
      },
      "content-version": "tdm",
      "delay-in-days": 0,
      "URL": "https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/"
    }
  ],
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [],
    "crossmark-restriction": false
  },
  "published-print": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2002,
        3
      ]
    ]
  },
  "DOI": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2002,
        8,
        25
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2002-08-25T03:46:10Z",
    "timestamp": 1030247170000
  },
  "page": "381-394",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 34,
  "title": "Atherothrombosis: Plaque instability and thrombogenesis",
  "prefix": "10.1053",
  "volume": "44",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "Frederick L.",
      "family": "Ruberg",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Jane A.",
      "family": "Leopold",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Joseph",
      "family": "Loscalzo",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    }
  ],
  "member": "78",
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "85",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0002-9343(99)00153-9",
      "article-title": "Cellular adhesion molecules and atherogenesis",
      "volume": "107",
      "author": "Price",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Am J Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "145",
      "DOI": "10.1172/JCI3001",
      "article-title": "The combined role of P- and E- selectins in atherosclerosis",
      "volume": "102",
      "author": "Dong",
      "year": "1998",
      "journal-title": "J Clin Invest"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib3",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "E83",
      "DOI": "10.1161/01.ATV.20.11.e83",
      "article-title": "The transcription factor NF-kappa B and the regulation of vascular cell function",
      "volume": "20",
      "author": "De Martin",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib4",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "212",
      "DOI": "10.1172/JCI269",
      "article-title": "Engagement of human PECAM-1 (CD31) on human endothelial cells increases intracellular calcium ion concentration and stimulates prostacyclin release",
      "volume": "101",
      "author": "Gurubhagavatula",
      "year": "1998",
      "journal-title": "J Clin Invest"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib5",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2302",
      "DOI": "10.1172/JCI119408",
      "article-title": "Cell adhesion in vascular biology. New insights into integrin-ligand interaction",
      "volume": "99",
      "author": "Loftus",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "Jo Clin Invest"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib6",
      "first-page": "229",
      "article-title": "Platelet membranes and receptors",
      "author": "Perrschke",
      "year": "1998"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib7",
      "first-page": "261",
      "article-title": "Mechanisms of platelet activation",
      "author": "Kroll",
      "year": "1998"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib8",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "14368",
      "DOI": "10.1074/jbc.274.20.14368",
      "article-title": "Nitric oxide inhibits thrombin receptor-activating peptide-induced phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity in human platelets",
      "volume": "274",
      "author": "Pigazzi",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "J Biol Chem"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib9",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "756",
      "DOI": "10.1161/hh0801.089861",
      "article-title": "Nitric oxide insufficiency, platelet activation, and Arterial thrombosis",
      "volume": "88",
      "author": "Loscalzo",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Circ Res"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib10",
      "first-page": "180",
      "article-title": "Endothelial injury, vasoconstriction, and its prevention",
      "volume": "22",
      "author": "Loscalzo",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "Tex Heart Inst J"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib11",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1851",
      "DOI": "10.1172/JCI1753",
      "article-title": "Inhibition of platelet function by recombinant soluble ecto-ADPase/CD39",
      "volume": "101",
      "author": "Gayle",
      "year": "1998",
      "journal-title": "J Clin Invest"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib12",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "6936",
      "DOI": "10.1021/bi992581e",
      "article-title": "Site-directed mutagenesis of human endothelial cell ecto-ADPase/soluble CD39: Requirement of glutamate 174 and serine 218 for enzyme activity and inhibition of platelet recruitment",
      "volume": "39",
      "author": "Drosopoulos",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Biochemistry"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib13",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1555",
      "DOI": "10.1056/NEJM199905203402007",
      "article-title": "Vascular-bed-specific hemostasis and hypercoagulable states",
      "volume": "340",
      "author": "Rosenberg",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "N Engl J Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib14",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2817",
      "DOI": "10.1182/blood.V89.8.2817",
      "article-title": "Factor V Leiden (resistance to activated protein C) increases the risk of myocardial infarction in young women",
      "volume": "89",
      "author": "Rosendaal",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "Blood"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib15",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "233",
      "DOI": "10.1038/35025203",
      "article-title": "Atherosclerosis",
      "volume": "407",
      "author": "Lusis",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Nature"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib16",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "753",
      "DOI": "10.1161/01.RES.85.8.753",
      "article-title": "Oxidative stress as a regulator of gene expression in the vasculature",
      "volume": "85",
      "author": "Kunsch",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Circ Res"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib17",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "840",
      "DOI": "10.1161/01.RES.87.10.840",
      "article-title": "Endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases: The role of oxidant stress",
      "volume": "8",
      "author": "Cai",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Circ Res"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib18",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "189",
      "DOI": "10.1161/01.CIR.99.2.189",
      "article-title": "Diabetes, oxidative stress, and platelet activation",
      "volume": "99",
      "author": "Keaney",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Circulation"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib19",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "99",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0098-2997(00)00005-4",
      "article-title": "Atherosclerosis: from lesion formation to plaque activation and endothelial dysfunction",
      "volume": "21",
      "author": "Keaney",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Mol Aspects Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib20",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "223",
      "DOI": "10.1002/path.1711710311",
      "article-title": "The expression of the adhesion molecules ICAM-1, VCAM-1, PECAM, and E- selectin in human atherosclerosis",
      "volume": "171",
      "author": "Davies",
      "year": "1993",
      "journal-title": "J Pathol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib21",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "842",
      "DOI": "10.1161/01.ATV.18.5.842",
      "article-title": "Upregulation of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 at atherosclerosis-prone sites on the endothelium in the ApoE-deficient mouse",
      "volume": "18",
      "author": "Nakashima",
      "year": "1998",
      "journal-title": "Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib22",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "292",
      "DOI": "10.1038/386292a0",
      "article-title": "A role for macrophage scavenger receptors in atherosclerosis and susceptibility to infection",
      "volume": "386",
      "author": "Suzuki",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "Nature"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib23",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "128",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06307.x",
      "article-title": "CD36 in atherosclerosis. The role of a class B macrophage scavenger receptor",
      "volume": "902",
      "author": "Nicholson",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Ann N Y Acad Sci"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib24",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "41",
      "DOI": "10.1038/83328",
      "article-title": "The role of PPAR-gamma in macrophage differentiation and cholesterol uptake",
      "volume": "7",
      "author": "Moore",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Nat Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib25",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "53",
      "DOI": "10.1038/83348",
      "article-title": "PPAR-alpha and PPAR-gamma activators induce cholesterol removal from human macrophage foam cells through stimulation of the ABCA1 pathway",
      "volume": "7",
      "author": "Chinetti",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Nat Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib26",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "241",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81575-5",
      "article-title": "PPARgamma promotes monocyte/macrophage differentiation and uptake of oxidized LDL",
      "volume": "93",
      "author": "Tontonoz",
      "year": "1998",
      "journal-title": "Cell"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib27",
      "first-page": "1292",
      "article-title": "Cytokines and growth factors in atherogenesis",
      "volume": "116",
      "author": "Clinton",
      "year": "1992",
      "journal-title": "Arch Pathol Lab Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib28",
      "first-page": "E453",
      "article-title": "Oxidant stress-induced transendothelial migration of monocytes is linked to phosphorylation of PECAM-1",
      "volume": "273",
      "author": "Rattan",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "Am J Physiol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib29",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "231",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0049-3848(89)90098-4",
      "article-title": "Tumor necrosis factor enhances expression of tissue factor mRNA in endothelial cells",
      "volume": "53",
      "author": "Conway",
      "year": "1989",
      "journal-title": "Thromb Res"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib30",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "5588",
      "DOI": "10.1128/MCB.8.12.5588",
      "article-title": "Tumor necrosis factor suppresses transcription of the thrombomodulin gene in endothelial cells",
      "volume": "8",
      "author": "Conway",
      "year": "1988",
      "journal-title": "Mol Cell Biol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib31",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "157",
      "DOI": "10.1002/jcp.1041470120",
      "article-title": "Regulatory mechanisms for thrombomodulin expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro",
      "volume": "147",
      "author": "Hirokawa",
      "year": "1991",
      "journal-title": "J Cell Physiol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib32",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "10396",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0021-9258(18)81633-7",
      "article-title": "Regulation of type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor gene expression in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells: Induction by transforming growth factor-beta, lipopolysaccharide, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha",
      "volume": "264",
      "author": "Sawdey",
      "year": "1989",
      "journal-title": "J Biol Chem"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib33",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "812",
      "DOI": "10.1055/s-0038-1653873",
      "article-title": "Transforming growth factor beta 1 and beta 2 induce down-modulation of thrombomodulin in human umbilical vein endothelial cells",
      "volume": "73",
      "author": "Ohji",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "Thromb Haemost"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib34",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "26066",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0021-9258(18)47160-8",
      "article-title": "Nitric oxide regulation of superoxide and peroxynitrite-dependent lipid peroxidation. Formation of novel nitrogen-containing oxidized lipid derivatives",
      "volume": "269",
      "author": "Rubbo",
      "year": "1994",
      "journal-title": "J Biol Chem"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib35",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1620",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.87.4.1620",
      "article-title": "Apparent hydroxyl radical production by peroxynitrite: implications for endothelial injury from nitric oxide and superoxide",
      "volume": "87",
      "author": "Beckman",
      "year": "1990",
      "journal-title": "Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib36",
      "first-page": "273",
      "article-title": "Nitric oxide and atherosclerosis",
      "author": "Eberhardt",
      "year": "2000"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib37",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "767",
      "DOI": "10.1161/01.HYP.37.2.767",
      "article-title": "Workshop: Hypertension and cardiovascular risk factors: Role of the angiotensin II-nitric oxide interaction",
      "volume": "37",
      "author": "Raij",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Hypertension"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib38",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "25C",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0002-9149(01)01539-9",
      "article-title": "Angiotensin II and atherosclerosis",
      "volume": "87",
      "author": "Weiss",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Am J Card"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib39",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "39",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06299.x",
      "article-title": "The extracellular matrix dynamically regulates smooth muscle cell responsiveness to PDGF",
      "volume": "902",
      "author": "Raines",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Ann N Y Acad Sci"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib40",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "10J",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0002-9149(00)01334-5",
      "article-title": "Relation between endothelial dysfunction and the acute coronary syndrome: implications for therapy",
      "volume": "86",
      "author": "Kinlay",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Am J Cardiol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib41",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1223",
      "DOI": "10.1161/01.ATV.11.5.1223",
      "article-title": "Cytokines and growth factors positively and negatively regulate interstitial collagen gene expression in human vascular smooth muscle cells",
      "volume": "11",
      "author": "Amento",
      "year": "1991",
      "journal-title": "Arterioscler Thromb"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib42",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "349",
      "DOI": "10.1046/j.1365-2796.2000.00654.x",
      "article-title": "Changing concepts of atherogenesis",
      "volume": "247",
      "author": "Libby",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "J Int Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib43",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2493",
      "DOI": "10.1172/JCI117619",
      "article-title": "Increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases and matrix degrading activity in vulnerable regions of human atheroselerotic plaques",
      "volume": "94",
      "author": "Galis",
      "year": "1994",
      "journal-title": "J Clin Invest"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib44",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1117",
      "DOI": "10.1172/JCI10403",
      "article-title": "Tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 is a novel inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases with implications for atherosclerosis",
      "volume": "107",
      "author": "Herman",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "J Clin Invest"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib45",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "267",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0167-4838(99)00279-4",
      "article-title": "Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases: Evolution, structure and function",
      "volume": "1477",
      "author": "Brew",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Biochim Biophys Acta"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib46",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2839",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.86.8.2839",
      "article-title": "Localization of tissue factor in the normal vessel wall and in the atherosclerotic plaque",
      "volume": "86",
      "author": "Wilcox",
      "year": "1989",
      "journal-title": "Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib47",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "4",
      "DOI": "10.1007/PL00000776",
      "article-title": "The CD40/CD154 receptor/ligand dyad",
      "volume": "58",
      "author": "Schonbeck",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Cell Mol Life Sci"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib48",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1792",
      "DOI": "10.1056/NEJM200006153422406",
      "article-title": "Mechanisms of disease: Plasminogen-activator inhibitor type 1 and coronary artery disease",
      "volume": "342",
      "author": "Kohler",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "N Engl J Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib49",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1154",
      "DOI": "10.1161/01.CIR.100.11.1154",
      "article-title": "Role of lipoprotein(a) and apolipoprotein(a) phenotype in atherogenesis: Prospective results from the Bruneck study",
      "volume": "100",
      "author": "Kronenberg",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Circulation"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib50",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "396",
      "DOI": "10.1056/NEJM198308183090703",
      "article-title": "Protective effects of aspirin against acute myocardial infarction and death in men with unstable angina: Results of a Veterans Administration Cooperative Study",
      "volume": "309",
      "author": "Lewis",
      "year": "1983",
      "journal-title": "N Engl J Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib51",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1369",
      "DOI": "10.1056/NEJM198511283132201",
      "article-title": "Aspirin, sulfinpyrazone, or both in unstable angina: Results of a Canadian multicenter trial",
      "volume": "313",
      "author": "Cairns",
      "year": "1985",
      "journal-title": "N Engl J Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib52",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1105",
      "DOI": "10.1056/NEJM198810273191701",
      "article-title": "Aspirin, heparin, or both to treat acute unstable angina",
      "volume": "319",
      "author": "Theroux",
      "year": "1988",
      "journal-title": "N Engl J Med"
    },
    {
      "issue": "8607",
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib53",
      "first-page": "349",
      "article-title": "Randomised trial of intravenous streptokinase, oral aspirin, both, or neither among 17,187 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction",
      "volume": "2",
      "author": "ISIS-2: ISIS-2 Second International Study of Infarct Survival Collaborative Group",
      "year": "1988",
      "journal-title": "Lancet"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib54",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "252",
      "DOI": "10.3109/09537109309013225",
      "article-title": "The basic pharmacology of ticlopidine and clopidogrel",
      "volume": "4",
      "author": "Schror",
      "year": "1993",
      "journal-title": "Platelets"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib55",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1329",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0140-6736(96)09457-3",
      "volume": "348",
      "year": "1996",
      "journal-title": "Lancet"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib56",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "17",
      "DOI": "10.1161/01.CIR.82.1.17",
      "article-title": "Antiplatelet treatment with ticlopidine in unstable angina: A controlled multicenter clinical trial. The Studio della Ticlopidina nell' Angina Instabile Group",
      "volume": "82",
      "author": "Balsano",
      "year": "1990",
      "journal-title": "Circulation"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib57",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1828",
      "DOI": "10.1001/jama.285.14.1828-JMN0411-2-1",
      "article-title": "Results of CURE trial for acute coronary syndrome",
      "volume": "285",
      "author": "Mitka",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Jama"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib58",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1085",
      "DOI": "10.1161/01.CIR.98.11.1085",
      "article-title": "Abciximab (ReoPro, chimeric 7E3 Fab) demonstrates equivalent affinity and functional blockade of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa and av\u03b23 integrins",
      "volume": "98",
      "author": "Tam",
      "year": "1998",
      "journal-title": "Circulation"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib59",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "227",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0140-6736(98)11086-3",
      "article-title": "Platelet GPIIb-IIIa blockers",
      "volume": "353",
      "author": "Topol",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Lancet"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib60",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "603",
      "DOI": "10.1097/00019501-199809090-00008",
      "article-title": "Pharmacology of the intravenous platelet receptor glycoprotein IIb-IIIa antagonists",
      "volume": "9",
      "author": "Kleiman",
      "year": "1998",
      "journal-title": "Cor Art Dis"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib61",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1488",
      "DOI": "10.1056/NEJM199805213382102",
      "article-title": "Inhibition of the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor with tirofiban in unstable angina and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction. Platelet Receptor Inhibition in Ischemic Syndrome Management in Patients Limited by Unstable Signs and Symptoms (PRISM-PLUS) Study Investigators",
      "volume": "338",
      "author": "The PRISM-PLUS Investigators",
      "year": "1998",
      "journal-title": "N Engl J Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib62",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "436",
      "DOI": "10.1056/NEJM199808133390704",
      "article-title": "Inhibition of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa with eptifibatide in patients with acute coronary syndormes. The PURSUIT Trial Investigators. Platelet Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa in Unstable Angina: Receptor Suppression Using Integrilin Therapy",
      "volume": "339",
      "author": "The PURSUIT Trial Investigators",
      "year": "1998",
      "journal-title": "N Engl J Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib63",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1429",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0140-6736(96)10452-9",
      "article-title": "Randomised placebo-controlled trial of abciximab before and during coronary intervention in refractory unstable angina: The CAPTURE Study",
      "volume": "349",
      "author": "The CAPTURE investigators",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "Lancet"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib64",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "956",
      "DOI": "10.1056/NEJM199404073301402",
      "volume": "330",
      "year": "1994",
      "journal-title": "N Engl J Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib65",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1689",
      "DOI": "10.1056/NEJM199706123362401",
      "volume": "336",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "N Engl J Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib66",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "87",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0140-6736(98)85010-1",
      "volume": "352",
      "year": "1998",
      "journal-title": "Lancet"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib67",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1549",
      "DOI": "10.1001/jama.284.12.1549",
      "article-title": "Current role of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in acute coronary syndromes",
      "volume": "284",
      "author": "Bhatt",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "JAMA"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib68",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1895",
      "DOI": "10.1056/NEJM200106213442503",
      "article-title": "Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition with coronary stenting for acute myocardial infarction",
      "volume": "344",
      "author": "Montalescot",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "N Engl J Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib69",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "337",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0140-6736(99)11179-6",
      "volume": "355",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Lancet"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib70",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "149",
      "DOI": "10.1161/01.CIR.102.2.149",
      "article-title": "Oral glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition with orbofiban in patients with unstable coronary syndromes (OPUS-TIMI 16) trial",
      "volume": "102",
      "author": "Cannon",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Circulation"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib71",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1316",
      "DOI": "10.1056/NEJM200005043421803",
      "article-title": "Long-term treatment with a platelet glycoprotein-receptor antagonist after percutaneous coronary revascularization. EXCITE Trial Investigators. Evaluation of Oral Xemilofiban in Controlling Thrombotic Events",
      "volume": "342",
      "author": "O'Neill",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "N Engl J Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib72",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "41",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0002-9343(99)00416-7",
      "article-title": "Redefining medical treatment in the management of unstable angina",
      "volume": "108",
      "author": "Braunwald",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Am J Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib73",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1418",
      "DOI": "10.1378/chest.115.5.1418",
      "article-title": "Clinical uses of low-molecular-weight heparins",
      "volume": "115",
      "author": "Aguilar",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Chest"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib74",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "61",
      "DOI": "10.1161/01.CIR.96.1.61",
      "article-title": "Comparison of low-molecular-weight heparin with unfractionated heparin acutely and with placebo for 6 weeks in the management of unstable coronary artery disease. FRagmin In unstable Coronary artery disease study (FRIC)",
      "volume": "96",
      "author": "Klein",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "Circulation"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib75",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "447",
      "DOI": "10.1056/NEJM199708143370702",
      "article-title": "A comparison of low-molecular-weight heparin with unfractionated heparin for unstable coronary artery disease. Efficacy and Safety of Subcutaneous Enoxaparin in Non-Q-Wave Coronary Events Study Group",
      "volume": "337",
      "author": "Cohen",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "N Engl J Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib76",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1593",
      "DOI": "10.1161/01.CIR.100.15.1593",
      "article-title": "Enoxaparin prevents death and cardiac ischemic events in unstable angina/non\u2013Q-Wave myocardial infarctionresults of the Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 11B trial",
      "volume": "100",
      "author": "Antman",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Circulation"
    },
    {
      "issue": "suppl F",
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib77",
      "first-page": "27F",
      "article-title": "The mechanism of action of thrombin inhibitors",
      "volume": "12",
      "author": "Bates",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "J Invasive Cardiol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib78",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "429",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0140-6736(98)07332-2",
      "article-title": "Effects of recombinant hirudin (lepirudin) compared with heparin on death, myocardial infarction, refractory angina, and revascularisation procedures in patients with acute myocardial ischaemia without ST elevationa randomised trial",
      "volume": "353",
      "author": "Organization to Assess Strategies for Ischemic Syndromes OASIS-2 Investigators",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Lancet"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib79",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1479",
      "DOI": "10.1161/01.CIR.103.10.1479",
      "article-title": "Recombinant hirudin in clinical practice: Focus on lepirudin",
      "volume": "103",
      "author": "Greinacher",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Circulation"
    },
    {
      "issue": "suppl F",
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib80",
      "first-page": "1F",
      "article-title": "The role of bivalirudin in percutaneous coronary intervention",
      "volume": "12",
      "author": "Topol",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "J Invasive Cardiol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib81",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "81",
      "DOI": "10.1161/01.CIR.89.1.81",
      "article-title": "Combination antithrombotic therapy in unstable rest angina and non-Q-wave infarction in nonprior aspirin usersprimary end points analysis from the ATACS trial. Antithrombotic Therapy in Acute Coronary Syndromes Research Group",
      "volume": "89",
      "author": "Cohen",
      "year": "1994",
      "journal-title": "Circulation"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib82",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2058",
      "DOI": "10.1001/jama.282.21.2058",
      "article-title": "Oral anticoagulant therapy in patients with coronary artery diseasea meta-analysis",
      "volume": "282",
      "author": "Anand",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "JAMA"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib83",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2194",
      "DOI": "10.1182/blood.V78.9.2194.2194",
      "article-title": "Rapid anticoagulation using ancrod for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia",
      "volume": "78",
      "author": "Demers",
      "year": "1991",
      "journal-title": "Blood"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib84",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2395",
      "DOI": "10.1001/jama.283.18.2395",
      "article-title": "Intravenous ancrod for treatment of acute ischemic stroke: the STAT study: A randomized controlled trial. Stroke Treatment with Ancrod Trial",
      "volume": "283",
      "author": "Sherman",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "JAMA"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib85",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1615",
      "DOI": "10.1056/NEJM199311253292204",
      "volume": "329",
      "year": "1993",
      "journal-title": "N Engl J Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib86",
      "year": "2001"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib87",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2720",
      "DOI": "10.1161/01.CIR.99.21.2720",
      "article-title": "Abciximab facilitates the rate and extent of thrombolysis: Results of the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) 14 trial. The TIMI 14 Investigators",
      "volume": "99",
      "author": "Antman",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Circulation"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib88",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "592",
      "DOI": "10.1067/mhj.2001.113574",
      "article-title": "Abciximab and early adjunctive percutaneous coronary intervention are associated with improved ST-segment resolution after thrombolysis: Observations from the TIMI 14 Trial",
      "volume": "141",
      "author": "de Lemos",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Am Heart J"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib89",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1545",
      "DOI": "10.1161/01.CIR.89.4.1545",
      "volume": "89",
      "year": "1994",
      "journal-title": "Circulation"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib90",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1337",
      "DOI": "10.1136/bmj.316.7141.1337",
      "article-title": "10 year survival among patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction in randomized comparison of intravenous streptokinase, oral aspirin, both, or neither. The ISIS-2 (Second International Study of Infarct Survival) Collaborative Group",
      "volume": "316",
      "author": "Baigent",
      "year": "1998",
      "journal-title": "BMJ"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib91",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2659",
      "DOI": "10.1161/01.CIR.98.24.2659",
      "article-title": "Ten-year follow-up of the first megatrial testing thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction, results of the Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Infarto-1 study. The GISSI Investigators",
      "volume": "98",
      "author": "Franzosi",
      "year": "1998",
      "journal-title": "Circulation"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib92",
      "first-page": "1383",
      "volume": "344",
      "year": "1994",
      "journal-title": "Lancet"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib93",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1001",
      "DOI": "10.1056/NEJM199610033351401",
      "article-title": "The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. Cholesterol and Recurrent Events Trial investigators",
      "volume": "335",
      "author": "Sacks",
      "year": "1996",
      "journal-title": "N Engl J Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib94",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "23",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0167-5273(00)00325-9",
      "article-title": "Effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor on hemostasis",
      "volume": "76",
      "author": "Koh",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Int J Cardiol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib95",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "H2649",
      "DOI": "10.1152/ajpheart.2000.279.6.H2649",
      "article-title": "Simvastatin upregulates coronary vascular endothelial nitric oxide production in conscious dogs",
      "volume": "279",
      "author": "Mital",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib96",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "3",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0002-9149(00)01339-4",
      "article-title": "Coronary artery injury and the biology of atherosclerosis: Inflammation, thrombosis, and stabilization",
      "volume": "86",
      "author": "Libby",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Am J Cardiol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib97",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1711",
      "DOI": "10.1001/jama.285.13.1711",
      "article-title": "Effects of atorvastatin on early recurrent ischemic events in acute coronary syndromes: The MIRACL study: A randomized controlled trial",
      "volume": "285",
      "author": "Schwartz",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "JAMA"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib98",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "145",
      "DOI": "10.1056/NEJM200001203420301",
      "article-title": "Effects of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators",
      "volume": "342",
      "author": "Yusuf",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "N Engl J Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib99",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "18C",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0002-9149(01)01509-0",
      "article-title": "Angiotensin, fibrinolysis, and vascular homeostasis",
      "volume": "87",
      "author": "Vaughn",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Am J Cardiol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib100",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1318",
      "DOI": "10.1161/01.CIR.103.13.1813",
      "article-title": "High-sensitivity C-reactive protein: Potential adjunct for global risk assessment in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease",
      "volume": "103",
      "author": "Ridker",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Circulation"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib101",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "623",
      "DOI": "10.1136/heart.85.6.623",
      "article-title": "Risk stratification in unstable angina and non-Q wave myocardial infarction using soluble cell adhesion molecules",
      "volume": "85",
      "author": "Mulvihill",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Heart"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib102",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "417",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0021-9150(00)00672-9",
      "article-title": "Soluble adhesion molecules and unstable coronary artery disease",
      "volume": "156",
      "author": "Parker",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Atherosclerosis"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib103",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "7464",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.97.13.7464",
      "article-title": "Both early and delayed anti-CD40L antibody treatment induces a stable plaque phenotype",
      "volume": "97",
      "author": "Lutgens",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib104",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2094",
      "DOI": "10.1161/01.ATV.19.9.2094",
      "article-title": "Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor activators target human endothelial cells to inhibit leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction",
      "volume": "19",
      "author": "Jackson",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib105",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "235",
      "DOI": "10.1161/01.CIR.101.3.235",
      "article-title": "Modulation of vascular inflammation in vitro and in vivo by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activators",
      "volume": "101",
      "author": "Pasceri",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Circulation"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib106",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "61",
      "DOI": "10.7326/0003-4819-134-1-200101020-00014",
      "article-title": "Nonhypoglycemic effects of thiazolidinediones",
      "volume": "134",
      "author": "Parulkar",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Ann Intern Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib107",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1065",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.96.3.1065",
      "article-title": "Gene therapy to promote thromboresistance: Local overexpression of tissue plasminogen activator to prevent arterial thrombosis in an in vivo rabbit model",
      "volume": "96",
      "author": "Waugh",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib108",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "332",
      "DOI": "10.1161/01.CIR.102.3.332",
      "article-title": "Thrombomodulin overexpression to limit neointima formation",
      "volume": "102",
      "author": "Waugh",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Circulation"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib109",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "289",
      "DOI": "10.1161/01.CIR.101.3.289",
      "article-title": "Thromboresistance of balloon-injured porcine carotid arteries after local gene transfer of human tissue factor pathway inhibitor",
      "volume": "101",
      "author": "Zoldhelyi",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Circulation"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1053/pcad.2002.123469_bib110",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2760",
      "DOI": "10.1161/01.CIR.103.22.2760",
      "article-title": "Therapeutic potential of nitric oxide synthase gene manipulation",
      "volume": "103",
      "author": "von der Leyen",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Circulation"
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0033062002700364?httpAccept=text/xml",
      "content-type": "text/xml",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "text-mining"
    },
    {
      "URL": "https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0033062002700364?httpAccept=text/plain",
      "content-type": "text/plain",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "text-mining"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2021,
        5,
        16
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2021-05-16T06:15:51Z",
    "timestamp": 1621145751000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0033062002700364"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2002,
        3
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 110,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "5",
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2002,
          3
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "alternative-id": [
    "S0033062002700364"
  ],
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/pcad.2002.123469",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "0033-0620"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "container-title-short": "Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases",
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2002,
        3
      ]
    ]
  }
}