DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00426.x. A significant increase in both basal and maximal calcineurin activity in the rat pilocarpine model of status epilepticus

A significant increase in both basal and maximal calcineurin activity in the rat pilocarpine model of status epilepticus

10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00426.x

Crossref journal-article

Wiley

Journal of Neurochemistry (311)

Abstract

This study focused on the effects of status epilepticus on the activity of calcineurin, a neuronally enriched, calcium‐dependent phosphatase. Calcineurin is an important modulator of many neuronal processes, including learning and memory, induction of apoptosis, receptor function and neuronal excitability. Therefore, a status epilepticus‐induced alteration of the activity of this important phosphatase would have significant physiological implications. Status epilepticus was induced by pilocarpine injection and allowed to continue for 60 min. Brain region homogenates were then assayed for calcineurin activity by dephosphorylation of p‐nitrophenol phosphate. A significant status epilepticus‐dependent increase in both basal and Mn2+‐dependent calcineurin activity was observed in homogenates isolated from the cortex and hippocampus, but not the cerebellum. This increase was resistant to 150 nm okadaic acid, but sensitive to 50 µm okadaic acid. The increase in basal activity was also resistant to 100 µm sodium orthovanadate. Both maximal dephosphorylation rate and substrate affinity were increased following status epilepticus. However, the increase in calcineurin activity was not found to be due to an increase in calcineurin enzyme levels. Finally, increase in calcineurin activity was found to be NMDA‐receptor activation dependent. The data demonstrate that status epilepticus resulted in a significant increase in both basal and maximal calcineurin activity.

Bibliography

Kurz, J. E., Sheets, D., Parsons, J. T., Rana, A., Delorenzo, R. J., & Churn, S. B. (2001). A significant increase in both basal and maximal calcineurin activity in the rat pilocarpine model of status epilepticus. Journal of Neurochemistry, 78(2), 304â315. Portico.

Authors 6

Jonathan E. Kurz (first)
Dan Sheets (additional)
J. Travis Parsons (additional)
Aniruddha Rana (additional)
Robert J. Delorenzo (additional)
Severn B. Churn (additional)

References 57 Referenced 57

10.1016/s0306-4522(97)00555-1
10.1042/bj2560283
10.1097/00002826-199106000-00001
10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3
10.1007/BF00971859
10.1097/00005072-199904000-00007
10.1146/annurev.bi.56.070187.002143
10.1016/0304-3940(94)91049-9
10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020522
10.1113/jphysiol.1990.sp017908
10.1016/S0143-4160(98)90061-6
10.1002/jnr.490350513
10.1016/0960-5428(95)00016-U
10.1038/jcbfm.1992.109
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.15-04-03200.1995 / J. Neurosci. / Excitotoxic activation of the NMDA receptor results in inhibition of calcium/calmodulin kinase II activity in cultured hippocampal neurons by Churn S. B. (1995)
10.1016/s0006-8993(00)02623-8
10.1097/00004691-199512040-00003
10.1212/WNL.46.4.1029
10.1111/j.1528-1157.2000.tb01521.x
10.1016/S0021-9258(19)84738-5 / J. Biol. Chem. / Regulation of calcineurin by phosphorylation by Hashimoto Y. (1989)
10.1016/S0021-9258(19)39919-3 / J. Biol. Chem. / Identification of an autoinhibitory domain in calcineurin by Hashimoto Y. (1990)
{'key': 'e_1_2_7_23_1', 'first-page': '243', 'article-title': 'Maintenance of recombinant type A γ‐aminobutyric acid receptor function: role of tyrosine phosphatases and calcineurin', 'volume': '286', 'author': 'Huang R.', 'year': '1998', 'journal-title': 'J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.'} / J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. / Maintenance of recombinant type A γ‐aminobutyric acid receptor function: role of tyrosine phosphatases and calcineurin by Huang R. (1998)
10.1002/ana.410380609
10.1074/jbc.273.22.13367
10.1016/s0306-4522(99)00462-5
10.1111/j.1528-1157.1993.tb05907.x
10.1016/S0896-6273(00)81150-2
10.1146/annurev.ne.17.030194.003033
10.1021/bi00450a002
10.1111/j.1528-1157.1993.tb02123.x
{'key': 'e_1_2_7_32_1', 'first-page': '395', 'article-title': 'The control of neuronal Ca2+ homeostasis', 'volume': '56', 'author': 'Miller R. J.', 'year': '1991', 'journal-title': 'Annu. Rev. Biochem.'} / Annu. Rev. Biochem. / The control of neuronal Ca2+ homeostasis by Miller R. J. (1991)
10.1016/0006-8993(94)91138-X
10.1016/0306-4522(93)90580-9
10.1006/bbrc.1998.9783
10.1016/s0006-8993(99)02035-1
10.1016/S0021-9258(18)32091-X / J. Biol. Chem. / Calmodulin‐stimulated dephosphorylation of p‐nitrophenyl phosphate and free phosphotyrosine by calcineurin by Pallen C. J. (1983)
{'key': 'e_1_2_7_38_1', 'first-page': '6134', 'article-title': 'Regulation of calcineurin by metal ions', 'volume': '259', 'author': 'Pallen C. J.', 'year': '1983', 'journal-title': 'J. Biol. Chem.'} / J. Biol. Chem. / Regulation of calcineurin by metal ions by Pallen C. J. (1983)
10.1016/0003-9861(85)90279-6
10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.68031124.x
10.1016/s0006-8993(99)01504-8
10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0751209.x
10.1016/0013-4694(72)90177-0
10.1016/s0006-8993(97)01285-7
{'key': 'e_1_2_7_45_1', 'first-page': '2095', 'article-title': 'Long‐lasting decreased muscimol binding in an in vivo model of limbic epilepsy', 'volume': '22', 'author': 'Rice A. C.', 'year': '1996', 'journal-title': 'Soc. Neurosci.'} / Soc. Neurosci. / Long‐lasting decreased muscimol binding in an in vivo model of limbic epilepsy by Rice A. C. (1996)
10.1007/s000180050313
10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.70062377.x
10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19990901)57:5<651::AID-JNR7>3.0.CO;2-G
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-19-07246.2000
10.1016/0006-291X(82)90635-0
10.1021/bi00406a059
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-19-07199.2000 / J. Neurosci. / Protein phosphatase‐mediated regulation of protein kinase C during long‐term depression in the adult hippocampus in vivo by Thiels E. (2000)
10.1016/0003-2697(91)90190-5
10.1097/00006123-199606000-00028
10.1097/00001756-199411000-00041
10.1139/o89-105
10.1111/j.1528-1157.1993.tb05905.x
10.1016/s0022-510x(00)00386-5

Dates

Type	When
Created	22 years, 5 months ago (March 12, 2003, 1:54 a.m.)
Deposited	1 year, 10 months ago (Oct. 18, 2023, 3:52 p.m.)
Indexed	1 month, 3 weeks ago (July 7, 2025, 1:44 a.m.)
Issued	24 years, 1 month ago (July 15, 2001)
Published	24 years, 1 month ago (July 15, 2001)
Published Online	23 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 20, 2001)
Published Print	24 years, 1 month ago (July 15, 2001)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Kurz_2001, title={A significant increase in both basal and maximal calcineurin activity in the rat pilocarpine model of status epilepticus}, volume={78}, ISSN={1471-4159}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00426.x}, DOI={10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00426.x}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Neurochemistry}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Kurz, Jonathan E. and Sheets, Dan and Parsons, J. Travis and Rana, Aniruddha and Delorenzo, Robert J. and Churn, Severn B.}, year={2001}, month=jul, pages={304–315} }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2025,
        7,
        7
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2025-07-07T05:44:57Z",
    "timestamp": 1751867097322
  },
  "reference-count": 57,
  "publisher": "Wiley",
  "issue": "2",
  "license": [
    {
      "start": {
        "date-parts": [
          [
            2001,
            12,
            20
          ]
        ],
        "date-time": "2001-12-20T00:00:00Z",
        "timestamp": 1008806400000
      },
      "content-version": "vor",
      "delay-in-days": 158,
      "URL": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor"
    }
  ],
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [],
    "crossmark-restriction": false
  },
  "published-print": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2001,
        7,
        15
      ]
    ]
  },
  "abstract": "<jats:p>This study focused on the effects of status epilepticus on the activity of calcineurin, a neuronally enriched, calcium\u2010dependent phosphatase. Calcineurin is an important modulator of many neuronal processes, including learning and memory, induction of apoptosis, receptor function and neuronal excitability. Therefore, a status epilepticus\u2010induced alteration of the activity of this important phosphatase would have significant physiological implications. Status epilepticus was induced by pilocarpine injection and allowed to continue for 60\u2003min. Brain region homogenates were then assayed for calcineurin activity by dephosphorylation of <jats:italic>p</jats:italic>\u2010nitrophenol phosphate. A significant status epilepticus\u2010dependent increase in both basal and Mn<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>\u2010dependent calcineurin activity was observed in homogenates isolated from the cortex and hippocampus, but not the cerebellum. This increase was resistant to 150\u2003n<jats:sc>m</jats:sc> okadaic acid, but sensitive to 50\u2003\u00b5<jats:sc>m</jats:sc> okadaic acid. The increase in basal activity was also resistant to 100\u2003\u00b5<jats:sc>m</jats:sc> sodium orthovanadate. Both maximal dephosphorylation rate and substrate affinity were increased following status epilepticus. However, the increase in calcineurin activity was not found to be due to an increase in calcineurin enzyme levels. Finally, increase in calcineurin activity was found to be NMDA\u2010receptor activation dependent. The data demonstrate that status epilepticus resulted in a significant increase in both basal and maximal calcineurin activity.</jats:p>",
  "DOI": "10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00426.x",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2003,
        3,
        12
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2003-03-12T06:54:59Z",
    "timestamp": 1047452099000
  },
  "page": "304-315",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 57,
  "title": "A significant increase in both basal and maximal calcineurin activity in the rat pilocarpine model of status epilepticus",
  "prefix": "10.1111",
  "volume": "78",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "Jonathan E.",
      "family": "Kurz",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Dan",
      "family": "Sheets",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "J. Travis",
      "family": "Parsons",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Aniruddha",
      "family": "Rana",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Robert J.",
      "family": "Delorenzo",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Severn B.",
      "family": "Churn",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    }
  ],
  "member": "311",
  "published-online": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2001,
        12,
        20
      ]
    ]
  },
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_2_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/s0306-4522(97)00555-1"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_3_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1042/bj2560283"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_4_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1097/00002826-199106000-00001"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_5_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_6_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1007/BF00971859"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_7_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1097/00005072-199904000-00007"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_8_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1146/annurev.bi.56.070187.002143"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_9_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0304-3940(94)91049-9"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_10_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020522"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_11_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1113/jphysiol.1990.sp017908"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_12_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0143-4160(98)90061-6"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_13_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1002/jnr.490350513"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_14_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0960-5428(95)00016-U"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_15_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/jcbfm.1992.109"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_16_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "3200",
      "DOI": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.15-04-03200.1995",
      "article-title": "Excitotoxic activation of the NMDA receptor results in inhibition of calcium/calmodulin kinase II activity in cultured hippocampal neurons",
      "volume": "15",
      "author": "Churn S. B.",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "J. Neurosci."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_17_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/s0006-8993(00)02623-8"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_18_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1097/00004691-199512040-00003"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_19_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1212/WNL.46.4.1029"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_20_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1528-1157.2000.tb01521.x"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_21_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "16524",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0021-9258(19)84738-5",
      "article-title": "Regulation of calcineurin by phosphorylation",
      "volume": "264",
      "author": "Hashimoto Y.",
      "year": "1989",
      "journal-title": "J. Biol. Chem."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_22_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1924",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0021-9258(19)39919-3",
      "article-title": "Identification of an\u00a0autoinhibitory domain in calcineurin",
      "volume": "265",
      "author": "Hashimoto Y.",
      "year": "1990",
      "journal-title": "J. Biol. Chem."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_23_1",
      "first-page": "243",
      "article-title": "Maintenance of recombinant type A \u03b3\u2010aminobutyric acid receptor function: role of tyrosine phosphatases and calcineurin",
      "volume": "286",
      "author": "Huang R.",
      "year": "1998",
      "journal-title": "J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_24_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1002/ana.410380609"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_25_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1074/jbc.273.22.13367"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_26_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/s0306-4522(99)00462-5"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_27_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1528-1157.1993.tb05907.x"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_28_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0896-6273(00)81150-2"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_29_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1146/annurev.ne.17.030194.003033"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_30_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1021/bi00450a002"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_31_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1528-1157.1993.tb02123.x"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_32_1",
      "first-page": "395",
      "article-title": "The control of neuronal Ca2+ homeostasis",
      "volume": "56",
      "author": "Miller R. J.",
      "year": "1991",
      "journal-title": "Annu. Rev. Biochem."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_33_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0006-8993(94)91138-X"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_34_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0306-4522(93)90580-9"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_35_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1006/bbrc.1998.9783"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_36_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/s0006-8993(99)02035-1"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_37_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "8550",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0021-9258(18)32091-X",
      "article-title": "Calmodulin\u2010stimulated dephosphorylation of p\u2010nitrophenyl phosphate and free phosphotyrosine by calcineurin",
      "volume": "258",
      "author": "Pallen C. J.",
      "year": "1983",
      "journal-title": "J. Biol. Chem."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_38_1",
      "first-page": "6134",
      "article-title": "Regulation of calcineurin by metal ions",
      "volume": "259",
      "author": "Pallen C. J.",
      "year": "1983",
      "journal-title": "J. Biol. Chem."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_39_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0003-9861(85)90279-6"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_40_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.68031124.x"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_41_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/s0006-8993(99)01504-8"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_42_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0751209.x"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_43_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0013-4694(72)90177-0"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_44_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/s0006-8993(97)01285-7"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_45_1",
      "first-page": "2095",
      "article-title": "Long\u2010lasting decreased muscimol binding in an in vivo model of limbic epilepsy",
      "volume": "22",
      "author": "Rice A. C.",
      "year": "1996",
      "journal-title": "Soc. Neurosci."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_46_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1007/s000180050313"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_47_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.70062377.x"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_48_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19990901)57:5<651::AID-JNR7>3.0.CO;2-G"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_49_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-19-07246.2000"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_50_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0006-291X(82)90635-0"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_51_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1021/bi00406a059"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_52_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "7199",
      "DOI": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-19-07199.2000",
      "article-title": "Protein phosphatase\u2010mediated regulation of protein kinase C during long\u2010term depression in the adult hippocampus in vivo",
      "volume": "20",
      "author": "Thiels E.",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "J. Neurosci."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_53_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0003-2697(91)90190-5"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_54_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1097/00006123-199606000-00028"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_55_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1097/00001756-199411000-00041"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_56_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1139/o89-105"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_57_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1528-1157.1993.tb05905.x"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_58_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/s0022-510x(00)00386-5"
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "Journal of Neurochemistry",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1046%2Fj.1471-4159.2001.00426.x",
      "content-type": "unspecified",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "text-mining"
    },
    {
      "URL": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00426.x",
      "content-type": "unspecified",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "similarity-checking"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2023,
        10,
        18
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2023-10-18T19:52:40Z",
    "timestamp": 1697658760000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00426.x"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2001,
        7,
        15
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 57,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "2",
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2001,
          7,
          15
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "alternative-id": [
    "10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00426.x"
  ],
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00426.x",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "0022-3042",
    "1471-4159"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "container-title-short": "Journal of Neurochemistry",
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2001,
        7,
        15
      ]
    ]
  }
}