Abstract
Recent advances in the structural biology of GPCRs (G-protein-coupled receptors) have provided insights into their structure and function. Comparisons of the visual and ligand-activated receptors highlight the unique elements of rhodopsin that allow it to function as a highly sensitive dim-light photoreceptor in vertebrates, as well as the common elements that it shares with the large class A GPCR family. However, despite progress, a number of questions remain unanswered about how these receptors are activated.
References
41
Referenced
13
10.1146/annurev-biophys-101209-104901
/ Annu. Rev. Biophys. / Structure and activation of the visual pigment rhodopsin by Smith (2010)10.1146/annurev.biophys.31.082901.134348
/ Annu. Rev. Biophys. Biomol. Struct. / Rhodopsin: insights from recent structural studies by Sakmar (2002)10.1146/annurev.biochem.75.103004.142743
/ Annu. Rev. Biochem. / G-protein-coupled receptor rhodopsin by Palczewski (2006)10.1126/science.111.2877.179
/ Science / The light reaction in the bleaching of rhodopsin by Wald (1950)10.1038/321075a0
/ Nature / Cloning of the gene and cDNA for mammalian β-adrenergic receptor and homology with rhodopsin by Dixon (1986)10.1021/bi00074a024
/ Biochemistry / Constitutive activation of opsin: influence of charge at position 134 and size at position 296 by Cohen (1993)10.1074/jbc.M105423200
/ J. Biol. Chem. / Conformations of the active and inactive states of opsin by Vogel (2001)10.1126/science.1925597
/ Science / The first step in vision: femtosecond isomerization of rhodopsin by Schoenlein (1991)10.1126/science.274.5288.768
/ Science / Requirement of rigid-body motion of transmembrane helices for light activation of rhodopsin by Farrens (1996)10.1126/science.289.5480.739
/ Science / Crystal structure of rhodopsin: a G protein-coupled receptor by Palczewski (2000)10.1038/nature06325
/ Nature / Crystal structure of the human β2 adrenergic G-protein-coupled receptor by Rasmussen (2007)10.1038/nature07101
/ Nature / Structure of a β1-adrenergic G-protein-coupled receptor by Warne (2008)10.1126/science.1197410
/ Science / Structure of the human dopamine D3 receptor in complex with a D2/D3 selective antagonist by Chien (2010)10.1038/nature10236
/ Nature / Structure of the human histamine H1 receptor complex with doxepin by Shimamura (2011)10.1126/science.1194396
/ Science / Structures of the CXCR4 chemokine GPCR with small-molecule and cyclic peptide antagonists by Wu (2010)10.1126/science.1202793
/ Science / Structure of an agonist-bound human A2A adenosine receptor by Xu (2011)10.1006/jsbi.1999.4209
/ J. Struct. Biol. / X-ray diffraction analysis of three-dimensional crystals of bovine rhodopsin obtained from mixed micelles by Okada (2000)10.1073/pnas.0608022103
/ Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. / Crystal structure of a photoactivated deprotonated intermediate of rhodopsin by Salom (2006)10.1038/nature07330
/ Nature / Crystal structure of opsin in its G-protein-interacting conformation by Scheerer (2008)10.1038/nature07063
/ Nature / Crystal structure of the ligand-free G-protein-coupled receptor opsin by Park (2008)10.1016/j.pnmrs.2010.04.004
/ Prog. Nucl. Magn. Reson. Spectrosc. / Structure and function of G protein-coupled receptors using NMR spectroscopy by Goncalves (2010)10.1016/j.jmb.2005.01.069
/ J. Mol. Biol. / Changes in interhelical hydrogen bonding upon rhodopsin activation by Patel (2005)10.1016/j.jmb.2005.12.046
/ J. Mol. Biol. / Location of Trp265 in metarhodopsin II: implications for the activation mechanism of the visual receptor rhodopsin by Crocker (2006)10.1038/nsmb.1549
/ Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. / Helix movement is coupled to displacement of the second extracellular loop in rhodopsin activation by Ahuja (2009)10.1074/jbc.M805725200
/ J. Biol. Chem. / Location of the retinal chromophore in the activated state of rhodopsin by Ahuja (2009)10.1038/nature09648
/ Nature / Structure of a nanobody-stabilized active state of the β2 adrenoceptor by Rasmussen (2011)10.1038/nature10361
/ Nature / Crystal structure of the β2 adrenergic receptor–Gs protein complex by Rasmussen (2011)10.1038/nature09746
/ Nature / The structural basis for agonist and partial agonist action on a β1-adrenergic receptor by Warne (2011)10.1152/physiol.00002.2010
/ Physiology / Energy landscapes as a tool to integrate GPCR structure, dynamics, and function by Deupi (2010)10.1038/nature09789
/ Nature / Crystal structure of metarhodopsin II by Choe (2011)10.1038/nature09795
/ Nature / The structural basis of agonist-induced activation in constitutively active rhodopsin by Standfuss (2011)10.1021/bi00189a045
/ Biochemistry / Interactions of the β-ionone ring with the protein in the visual pigment rhodopsin control the activation mechanism: an FTIR and fluorescence study on artificial vertebrate rhodopsins by Jäger (1994)10.1021/bi0508587
/ Biochemistry / Agonists and partial agonists of rhodopsin: retinals with ring modifications by Vogel (2005)10.1073/pnas.91.15.6958
/ Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. / Relief of opsin desensitization and prolonged excitation of rod photoreceptors by 9-desmethylretinal by Corson (1994)10.1073/pnas.94.25.13442
/ Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. / The C9 methyl group of retinal interacts with glycine-121 in rhodopsin by Han (1997)10.1073/pnas.83.12.4209
/ Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. / Deprotonation of the Schiff base of rhodopsin is obligate in the activation of the G-protein by Longstaff (1986)10.1021/bi00165a008
/ Biochemistry / Mechanism of activation and inactivation of opsin: role of Glu113 and Lys296 by Cohen (1992)10.1038/nature08650
/ Nature / Ligand-specific regulation of the extracellular surface of a G-protein-coupled receptor by Bokoch (2010)10.1016/j.jmb.2009.12.003
/ J. Mol. Biol. / Light activation of rhodopsin: insights from molecular dynamics simulations guided by solid-state NMR distance restraints by Hornak (2010)10.1016/j.jmb.2004.02.001
/ J. Mol. Biol. / Helix packing moments reveal diversity and conservation in membrane protein structure by Liu (2004)10.1016/S0006-3495(02)75613-0
/ Biophys. J. / Comparison of helix interactions in membrane and soluble α-bundle proteins by Eilers (2002)
Dates
Type | When |
---|---|
Created | 13 years, 4 months ago (April 19, 2012, 5:03 a.m.) |
Deposited | 3 years, 9 months ago (Nov. 17, 2021, 4:39 p.m.) |
Indexed | 1 year, 5 months ago (March 5, 2024, 5:06 p.m.) |
Issued | 13 years, 5 months ago (March 21, 2012) |
Published | 13 years, 5 months ago (March 21, 2012) |
Published Online | 13 years, 5 months ago (March 21, 2012) |
Published Print | 13 years, 4 months ago (April 1, 2012) |
@article{Smith_2012, title={Insights into the activation mechanism of the visual receptor rhodopsin}, volume={40}, ISSN={1470-8752}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20110751}, DOI={10.1042/bst20110751}, number={2}, journal={Biochemical Society Transactions}, publisher={Portland Press Ltd.}, author={Smith, Steven O.}, year={2012}, month=mar, pages={389–393} }