DOI: 10.1039/c4fd00225c. On the question of two-step nucleation in protein crystallization

On the question of two-step nucleation in protein crystallization

10.1039/c4fd00225c

Crossref journal-article

Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)

Faraday Discussions (292)

Abstract

We report a real-time study on protein crystallization in the presence of multivalent salts using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and optical microscopy, focusing particularly on the nucleation mechanism as well as on the role of the metastable intermediate phase (MIP). Using bovine beta-lactoglobulin as a model system in the presence of the divalent salt CdCl2, we have monitored the early stage of crystallization kinetics which demonstrates a two-step nucleation mechanism: protein aggregates form a MIP, which is followed by the nucleation of crystals within the MIP. Here we focus on characterizing and tuning the structure of the MIP using salt and the related effects on the two-step nucleation kinetics. The results suggest that increasing the salt concentration near the transition zonepseudo-c** enhances the energy barrier for both MIPs and crystal nucleation, leading to slow growth. The structural evolution of the MIP and its effect on subsequent nucleation is discussed based on the growth kinetics. The observed kinetics can be well described, using a rate-equation model based on a clear physical two-step picture. This real-time study not only provides evidence for a two-step nucleation process for protein crystallization, but also elucidates the role and the structural signature of the MIPs in the nonclassical process of protein crystallization.

Bibliography

Sauter, A., Roosen-Runge, F., Zhang, F., Lotze, G., Feoktystov, A., Jacobs, R. M. J., & Schreiber, F. (2015). On the question of two-step nucleation in protein crystallization. Faraday Discussions, 179, 41â58.

Authors 7

Andrea Sauter (first)
Felix Roosen-Runge (additional)
Fajun Zhang (additional)
Gudrun Lotze (additional)
Artem Feoktystov (additional)
Robert M. J. Jacobs (additional)
Frank Schreiber (additional)

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Dates

Type	When
Created	10 years, 7 months ago (Jan. 12, 2015, 6:03 a.m.)
Deposited	1 year, 4 months ago (April 17, 2024, 1:22 p.m.)
Indexed	19 hours, 13 minutes ago (Aug. 21, 2025, 1:24 p.m.)
Issued	10 years, 7 months ago (Jan. 1, 2015)
Published	10 years, 7 months ago (Jan. 1, 2015)
Published Online	10 years, 7 months ago (Jan. 1, 2015)

Funders 1

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft 10.13039/501100001659
Region: Europe
gov (National government)
Labels3
1. German Research Association
2. German Research Foundation
3. DFG
Awards1
1. ZH226/3-1

BibTeX

@article{Sauter_2015, title={On the question of two-step nucleation in protein crystallization}, volume={179}, ISSN={1364-5498}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4fd00225c}, DOI={10.1039/c4fd00225c}, journal={Faraday Discussions}, publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, author={Sauter, Andrea and Roosen-Runge, Felix and Zhang, Fajun and Lotze, Gudrun and Feoktystov, Artem and Jacobs, Robert M. J. and Schreiber, Frank}, year={2015}, pages={41–58} }

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  "abstract": "<p>We report a real-time study on protein crystallization in the presence of multivalent salts using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and optical microscopy, focusing particularly on the nucleation mechanism as well as on the role of the metastable intermediate phase (MIP). Using bovine beta-lactoglobulin as a model system in the presence of the divalent salt CdCl<sub>2</sub>, we have monitored the early stage of crystallization kinetics which demonstrates a two-step nucleation mechanism: protein aggregates form a MIP, which is followed by the nucleation of crystals within the MIP. Here we focus on characterizing and tuning the structure of the MIP using salt and the related effects on the two-step nucleation kinetics. The results suggest that increasing the salt concentration near the transition zone<italic>pseudo-c</italic>** enhances the energy barrier for both MIPs and crystal nucleation, leading to slow growth. The structural evolution of the MIP and its effect on subsequent nucleation is discussed based on the growth kinetics. The observed kinetics can be well described, using a rate-equation model based on a clear physical two-step picture. This real-time study not only provides evidence for a two-step nucleation process for protein crystallization, but also elucidates the role and the structural signature of the MIPs in the nonclassical process of protein crystallization.</p>",
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