DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700530. Human Keratinocytes Express Functional Toll-Like Receptor 3, 4, 5, and 9

Human Keratinocytes Express Functional Toll-Like Receptor 3, 4, 5, and 9

10.1038/sj.jid.5700530

Crossref journal-article

Elsevier BV

Journal of Investigative Dermatology (78)

Bibliography

Lebre, M. C., van der Aar, A. M. G., van Baarsen, L., van Capel, T. M. M., Schuitemaker, J. H. N., Kapsenberg, M. L., & de Jong, E. C. (2007). Human Keratinocytes Express Functional Toll-Like Receptor 3, 4, 5, and 9. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 127(2), 331â341.

Authors 7

Maria C. Lebre (first)
Angelic M.G. van der Aar (additional)
Lisa van Baarsen (additional)
Toni M.M. van Capel (additional)
Joost H.N. Schuitemaker (additional)
Martien L. Kapsenberg (additional)
Esther C. de Jong (additional)

References 54 Referenced 374

10.1038/90609 / Nat Immunol / Toll-like receptors: critical proteins linking innate and acquired immunity by Akira (2001)
10.4049/jimmunol.165.3.1395 / J Immunol / IL-4 enhances keratinocytes expression of CXCR3 agonistic chemokines by Albanesi (2000)
10.1189/jlb.70.4.617 / J Leukocyte Biol / A cytokine-to-chemokine axis between T lymphocytes and keratinocytes can favor Th1 cell accumulation in chronic inflammatory skin diseases by Albanesi (2001)
10.1038/35099560 / Nature / Recognition of double-stranded RNA and activation of NF-kappaB by Toll-like receptor 3 by Alexopoulou (2001)
10.1002/eji.1830241249 / Eur J Immunol / Induction of natural killer cell migration by monocyte chemotactic protein-1, -2 and -3 by Allavena (1994)
10.1016/0192-0561(94)00088-6 / Int J Immunopharmacol / Interleukin-8 and the chemokine family by Baggiolini (1995)
10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05287.x / Br J Dermatol / Normal keratinocytes express Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 1, 2 and 5: modulation of TLR expression in chronic plaque psoriasis by Baker (2003)
10.1172/JCI114481 / J Clin Invest / Marked synergism between tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ in regulation of keratinocyte-derived adhesion molecules and chemotactic factors by Barker (1990)
10.1016/S0952-7915(00)00111-4 / Curr Opin Immunol / The function of type I interferons in antimicrobial immunity by Bogdan (2000)
10.1084/jem.187.1.129 / J Exp Med / Differential expression of chemokine receptors and chemotactic responsiveness of type 1T helper cells (Th1s) and Th2s by Bonecchi (1998)
10.1006/cyto.1998.0463 / Cytokine / IP-10mRNA expression in cultured keratinocytes is suppressed by inhibition of protein kinase-C and tyrosine kinase and elevation of cAMP by Boorsma (1999)
10.1074/jbc.271.13.7551 / J Biol Chem / Molecular cloning and functional expression of murine JE (monocyte chemoattractant protein 1) and murine macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha receptors: evidence for two closely linked C-C chemokine receptors on chromosome 9 by Boring (1996)
10.1126/science.285.5428.732 / Science / Host defense mechanisms triggered by microbial lipoproteins through toll-like receptors by Brightbill (1999)
10.1128/IAI.68.12.7010-7017.2000 / Infect Immun / Differential alteration in intestinal epithelial cell expression of toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and TLR4 in inflammatory Bowel disease by Cario (2000)
10.4049/jimmunol.164.2.966 / J Immunol / Lipopolysaccharide activates distinct signaling pathways in intestinal epithelial cell lines expressing toll-like receptors by Cario (2000)
10.1073/pnas.91.9.3652 / Proc Natl Acad Sci USA / Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 acts as a T-lymphocyte chemoattractant by Carr (1994)
10.1084/jem.190.12.1755 / J Exp Med / Macrophage inflammatory protein 3α is involved in the constitutive trafficking of epidermal Langerhans cells by Charbonnier (1999)
10.1016/S0167-4781(00)00289-X / Biochim Biophys Acta / Identification of hTLR10: a novel human Toll-like receptor preferentially expressed in immune cells by Chuang (2001)
10.1126/science.1093616 / Science / Innate antiviral responses by means of TLR7-mediated recognition of single-stranded RNA by Diebold (2004)
10.1084/jem.192.5.705 / J Exp Med / Macrophage inflammatory protein 3α is expressed at inflamed epithelial surfaces and it is the most potent chemokine known in attracting Langerhans cell precursors by Dieu-Nosjean (2000)
10.1089/jir.1997.17.721 / J Interferon Cytokine Res / The expression and modulation of IFN-alpha and IFN-beta in human keratinocytes by Fujisawa (1997)
10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00136-8 / Vet Immunol Immunopathol / Keratinocytes and cytokines by Gröne (2002)
10.1038/35074106 / Nature / The innate immune response to bacterial flagellin is mediated by Toll-like receptor 5 by Hayashi (2001)
10.1126/science.1093620 / Science / Species-specific recognition of single-stranded RNA via toll-like receptor 7 and 8 by Heil (2004)
10.1038/35047123 / Nature / A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA by Hemmi (2000)
10.1038/nm0202-157 / Nat Med / CCL27–CCR10 interactions regulate T cell-mediated skin inflammation by Homey (2002)
10.4049/jimmunol.164.7.3465 / J Immunol / The orphan chemokine receptor G protein-coupled receptor-2 (GPR-2, CCR10) binds the skin-associated chemokine CCL27 (CTACK/ALP/ILC) by Homey (2000)
10.4049/jimmunol.168.9.4531 / J Immunol / Quantitative expression of toll-like receptor 1–10 mRNA in cellular subsets of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and sensitivity to CpG oligodeoxynucleotides by Hornung (2002)
10.1084/jem.194.6.863 / J Exp Med / Subsets of human dendritic cell precursors express different toll-like receptors and respond to different microbial antigens by Kadowaki (2001)
10.4049/jimmunol.172.11.6545 / J Immunol / Small interfering RNAs mediate sequence-independent gene suppression and induce immune activation by signaling through toll-like receptor 3 by Kariko (2004)
10.1016/S0923-1811(02)00105-6 / J Dermatol Sci / Expression of functional Toll-like receptor 2 on human epidermal keratinocytes by Kawai (2002)
10.1111/j.1365-2567.2005.02122.x / Immunol / Various members of the Toll-like receptor family contribute to the innate immune response of human epidermal keratinocytes by Kollisch (2005)
10.1038/374546a0 / Nature / CpG motifs in bacterial DNA trigger direct B-cell activation by Krieg (1995)
10.1002/1521-4141(200107)31:7<2154::AID-IMMU2154>3.0.CO;2-U / Eur J Immunol / Identification of CpG oligonucleotide sequences with high induction of IFN-alpha/beta in plasmacytoid dendritic cells by Krug (2001)
10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12245.x / J Invest Dermatol / Double-stranded RNA-exposed human keratinocytes promote Th1 responses by inducing a Type-1 polarized phenotype in dendritic cells: role of keratinocyte-derived tumor necrosis factor alpha, type I interferons, and interleukin-18 by Lebre (2003)
10.1111/1523-1747.ep12345482 / J Invest Dermatol / Epidermal and oral keratinocytes are induced to produce RANTES and IL-8 by cytokine stimulation by Li (1996)
10.4049/jimmunol.162.1.186 / J Immunol / CC-chemokine receptor 6 is expressed on diverse memory subsets of T cells and determines responsiveness to macrophage inflammatory protein 3 alpha by Liao (1999)
10.1084/jem.169.4.1485 / J Exp Med / Purification and characterization of a novel monocyte chemotactic and activating factor produced by a human myelomonocytic cell line by Matsushima (1989)
10.1038/35100529 / Nat Rev Immunol / Toll-like receptors and innate immunity by Medzhitov (2001)
10.1111/j.1523-1747.2003.12630.x / J Invest Dermatol / Toll-like receptor expression in human keratinocytes: nuclear factor kappaB controlled gene activation by Staphylococcus aureus is toll-like receptor 2 but not toll-like receptor 4 or platelet activating factor receptor dependent by Mempel (2003)
10.4049/jimmunol.174.10.6137 / J Immunol / TGF-alpha regulates TLR expression and function on epidermal keratinocytes by Miller (2005)
10.1007/s00109-002-0329-3 / J Mol Med / Induction of acute phase response genes in keratinocytes following exposure to oligodeoxynucleotides by Mirmohammadsadegh (2002)
10.1073/pnas.96.25.14470 / Proc Natl Acad Sci USA / CTACK, a skin-associated chemokine that preferentially attracts skin-homing memory T cells by Morales (1999)
10.1084/jem.187.12.2097 / J Exp Med / The human toll signaling pathway: divergence of nuclear factor kappaB and JNK/SAPK activation upstream of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) by Muzio (1998)
10.1111/1523-1747.ep12324061 / J Invest Dermatol / Keratinocyte-derived monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1): analysis in a transgenic model demonstrates MCP-1 can recruit dendritic and Langerhans cells to skin by Nakamura (1995)
10.1146/annurev.cb.10.110194.002201 / Annu Rev Cell Biol / Structure, regulation and function of NF-kappa B by Siebenlist (1994)
10.1073/pnas.241308598 / Proc Natl Acad Sci USA / Flagellin stimulation of intestinal epithelial cells triggers CCL20-mediated migration of dendritic cells by Sierro (2001)
10.1046/j.1523-1747.2002.01847.x / J Invest Dermatol / Human keratinocytes express functional CD14 and Toll-like receptor 4 by Song (2002)
10.4049/jimmunol.164.2.554 / J Immunol / Preferentially the R-stereoisomer of the mycoplasmal lipopeptide macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2 activates immune cells through a toll-like receptor 2- and MyD88-dependent signaling pathway by Takeuchi (2000)
10.4049/jimmunol.165.10.5780 / J Immunol / Toll-like receptor 4, but not toll-like receptor 2, is a signaling receptor for Escherichia and Salmonella lipopolysaccharides by Tapping (2000)
10.1046/j.1523-1747.1999.00581.x / J Invest Dermatol / A keratinocyte-derived high affinity CXC-chemokine ligand for the IP-10/Mig receptor (CXCR3) by Tensen (1999)
10.1016/S0923-1811(00)00138-9 / J Dermatol Sci / Cytokines and chemokines in the epidermis by Uchi (2000)
10.4049/jimmunol.168.3.1286 / J Immunol / In vivo expression of toll-like receptor 2 and 4 by renal epithelial cells: IFN-γ and TNF-α mediated up-regulation during inflammation by Wolfs (2002)
10.1126/science.1094351 / Science / A toll-like receptor that prevents infection by uropathogenic bacteria by Zhang (2004)

Dates

Type	When
Created	18 years, 10 months ago (Oct. 26, 2006, 11:57 a.m.)
Deposited	2 years, 3 months ago (May 9, 2023, 10:31 a.m.)
Indexed	1 week ago (Aug. 21, 2025, 12:39 p.m.)
Issued	18 years, 6 months ago (Feb. 1, 2007)
Published	18 years, 6 months ago (Feb. 1, 2007)
Published Print	18 years, 6 months ago (Feb. 1, 2007)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Lebre_2007, title={Human Keratinocytes Express Functional Toll-Like Receptor 3, 4, 5, and 9}, volume={127}, ISSN={0022-202X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jid.5700530}, DOI={10.1038/sj.jid.5700530}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Investigative Dermatology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Lebre, Maria C. and van der Aar, Angelic M.G. and van Baarsen, Lisa and van Capel, Toni M.M. and Schuitemaker, Joost H.N. and Kapsenberg, Martien L. and de Jong, Esther C.}, year={2007}, month=feb, pages={331–341} }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2025,
        8,
        21
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2025-08-21T16:39:14Z",
    "timestamp": 1755794354841
  },
  "reference-count": 54,
  "publisher": "Elsevier BV",
  "issue": "2",
  "license": [
    {
      "start": {
        "date-parts": [
          [
            2007,
            2,
            1
          ]
        ],
        "date-time": "2007-02-01T00:00:00Z",
        "timestamp": 1170288000000
      },
      "content-version": "tdm",
      "delay-in-days": 0,
      "URL": "https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/"
    },
    {
      "start": {
        "date-parts": [
          [
            2015,
            12,
            2
          ]
        ],
        "date-time": "2015-12-02T00:00:00Z",
        "timestamp": 1449014400000
      },
      "content-version": "vor",
      "delay-in-days": 3226,
      "URL": "https://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/"
    }
  ],
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [],
    "crossmark-restriction": false
  },
  "published-print": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2007,
        2
      ]
    ]
  },
  "DOI": "10.1038/sj.jid.5700530",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2006,
        10,
        26
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2006-10-26T15:57:16Z",
    "timestamp": 1161878236000
  },
  "page": "331-341",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 374,
  "title": "Human Keratinocytes Express Functional Toll-Like Receptor 3, 4, 5, and 9",
  "prefix": "10.1016",
  "volume": "127",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "Maria C.",
      "family": "Lebre",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Angelic M.G.",
      "family": "van der Aar",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Lisa",
      "family": "van Baarsen",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Toni M.M.",
      "family": "van Capel",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Joost H.N.",
      "family": "Schuitemaker",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Martien L.",
      "family": "Kapsenberg",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Esther C.",
      "family": "de Jong",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    }
  ],
  "member": "78",
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "10.1038/sj.jid.5700530_bb0010",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "675",
      "DOI": "10.1038/90609",
      "article-title": "Toll-like receptors: critical proteins linking innate and acquired immunity",
      "volume": "2",
      "author": "Akira",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Nat Immunol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1038/sj.jid.5700530_bb0015",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1395",
      "DOI": "10.4049/jimmunol.165.3.1395",
      "article-title": "IL-4 enhances keratinocytes expression of CXCR3 agonistic chemokines",
      "volume": "165",
      "author": "Albanesi",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "J Immunol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1038/sj.jid.5700530_bb0020",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "617",
      "DOI": "10.1189/jlb.70.4.617",
      "article-title": "A cytokine-to-chemokine axis between T lymphocytes and keratinocytes can favor Th1 cell accumulation in chronic inflammatory skin diseases",
      "volume": "70",
      "author": "Albanesi",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "J Leukocyte Biol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1038/sj.jid.5700530_bb0025",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "732",
      "DOI": "10.1038/35099560",
      "article-title": "Recognition of double-stranded RNA and activation of NF-kappaB by Toll-like receptor 3",
      "volume": "413",
      "author": "Alexopoulou",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Nature"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1038/sj.jid.5700530_bb0030",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "3233",
      "DOI": "10.1002/eji.1830241249",
      "article-title": "Induction of natural killer cell migration by monocyte chemotactic protein-1, -2 and -3",
      "volume": "24",
      "author": "Allavena",
      "year": "1994",
      "journal-title": "Eur J Immunol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1038/sj.jid.5700530_bb0035",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "103",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0192-0561(94)00088-6",
      "article-title": "Interleukin-8 and the chemokine family",
      "volume": "17",
      "author": "Baggiolini",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "Int J Immunopharmacol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1038/sj.jid.5700530_bb0040",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "670",
      "DOI": "10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05287.x",
      "article-title": "Normal keratinocytes express Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 1, 2 and 5: modulation of TLR expression in chronic plaque psoriasis",
      "volume": "148",
      "author": "Baker",
      "year": "2003",
      "journal-title": "Br J Dermatol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1038/sj.jid.5700530_bb0045",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "605",
      "DOI": "10.1172/JCI114481",
      "article-title": "Marked synergism between tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 and interferon-\u03b3 in regulation of keratinocyte-derived adhesion molecules and chemotactic factors",
      "volume": "85",
      "author": "Barker",
      "year": "1990",
      "journal-title": "J Clin Invest"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1038/sj.jid.5700530_bb0050",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "419",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0952-7915(00)00111-4",
      "article-title": "The function of type I interferons in antimicrobial immunity",
      "volume": "12",
      "author": "Bogdan",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Curr Opin Immunol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1038/sj.jid.5700530_bb0055",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "129",
      "DOI": "10.1084/jem.187.1.129",
      "article-title": "Differential expression of chemokine receptors and chemotactic responsiveness of type 1T helper cells (Th1s) and Th2s",
      "volume": "187",
      "author": "Bonecchi",
      "year": "1998",
      "journal-title": "J Exp Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1038/sj.jid.5700530_bb0060",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "469",
      "DOI": "10.1006/cyto.1998.0463",
      "article-title": "IP-10mRNA expression in cultured keratinocytes is suppressed by inhibition of protein kinase-C and tyrosine kinase and elevation of cAMP",
      "volume": "11",
      "author": "Boorsma",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Cytokine"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1038/sj.jid.5700530_bb0065",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "7551",
      "DOI": "10.1074/jbc.271.13.7551",
      "article-title": "Molecular cloning and functional expression of murine JE (monocyte chemoattractant protein 1) and murine macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha receptors: evidence for two closely linked C-C chemokine receptors on chromosome 9",
      "volume": "271",
      "author": "Boring",
      "year": "1996",
      "journal-title": "J Biol Chem"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1038/sj.jid.5700530_bb0070",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "732",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.285.5428.732",
      "article-title": "Host defense mechanisms triggered by microbial lipoproteins through toll-like receptors",
      "volume": "285",
      "author": "Brightbill",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Science"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1038/sj.jid.5700530_bb0075",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "7010",
      "DOI": "10.1128/IAI.68.12.7010-7017.2000",
      "article-title": "Differential alteration in intestinal epithelial cell expression of toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and TLR4 in inflammatory Bowel disease",
      "volume": "68",
      "author": "Cario",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Infect Immun"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1038/sj.jid.5700530_bb0080",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "966",
      "DOI": "10.4049/jimmunol.164.2.966",
      "article-title": "Lipopolysaccharide activates distinct signaling pathways in intestinal epithelial cell lines expressing toll-like receptors",
      "volume": "164",
      "author": "Cario",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "J Immunol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1038/sj.jid.5700530_bb0085",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "3652",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.91.9.3652",
      "article-title": "Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 acts as a T-lymphocyte chemoattractant",
      "volume": "91",
      "author": "Carr",
      "year": "1994",
      "journal-title": "Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1038/sj.jid.5700530_bb0090",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1755",
      "DOI": "10.1084/jem.190.12.1755",
      "article-title": "Macrophage inflammatory protein 3\u03b1 is involved in the constitutive trafficking of epidermal Langerhans cells",
      "volume": "190",
      "author": "Charbonnier",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "J Exp Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1038/sj.jid.5700530_bb0095",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "157",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0167-4781(00)00289-X",
      "article-title": "Identification of hTLR10: a novel human Toll-like receptor preferentially expressed in immune cells",
      "volume": "1518",
      "author": "Chuang",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Biochim Biophys Acta"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1038/sj.jid.5700530_bb0100",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1529",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.1093616",
      "article-title": "Innate antiviral responses by means of TLR7-mediated recognition of single-stranded RNA",
      "volume": "303",
      "author": "Diebold",
      "year": "2004",
      "journal-title": "Science"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1038/sj.jid.5700530_bb0105",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "705",
      "DOI": "10.1084/jem.192.5.705",
      "article-title": "Macrophage inflammatory protein 3\u03b1 is expressed at inflamed epithelial surfaces and it is the most potent chemokine known in attracting Langerhans cell precursors",
      "volume": "192",
      "author": "Dieu-Nosjean",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "J Exp Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1038/sj.jid.5700530_bb0110",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "721",
      "DOI": "10.1089/jir.1997.17.721",
      "article-title": "The expression and modulation of IFN-alpha and IFN-beta in human keratinocytes",
      "volume": "17",
      "author": "Fujisawa",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "J Interferon Cytokine Res"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1038/sj.jid.5700530_bb0115",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00136-8",
      "article-title": "Keratinocytes and cytokines",
      "volume": "88",
      "author": "Gr\u00f6ne",
      "year": "2002",
      "journal-title": "Vet Immunol Immunopathol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1038/sj.jid.5700530_bb0120",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1099",
      "DOI": "10.1038/35074106",
      "article-title": "The innate immune response to bacterial flagellin is mediated by Toll-like receptor 5",
      "volume": "410",
      "author": "Hayashi",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Nature"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1038/sj.jid.5700530_bb0125",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1526",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.1093620",
      "article-title": "Species-specific recognition of single-stranded RNA via toll-like receptor 7 and 8",
      "volume": "303",
      "author": "Heil",
      "year": "2004",
      "journal-title": "Science"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1038/sj.jid.5700530_bb0130",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "740",
      "DOI": "10.1038/35047123",
      "article-title": "A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA",
      "volume": "408",
      "author": "Hemmi",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Nature"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1038/sj.jid.5700530_bb0135",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "157",
      "DOI": "10.1038/nm0202-157",
      "article-title": "CCL27\u2013CCR10 interactions regulate T cell-mediated skin inflammation",
      "volume": "8",
      "author": "Homey",
      "year": "2002",
      "journal-title": "Nat Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1038/sj.jid.5700530_bb0140",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "3465",
      "DOI": "10.4049/jimmunol.164.7.3465",
      "article-title": "The orphan chemokine receptor G protein-coupled receptor-2 (GPR-2, CCR10) binds the skin-associated chemokine CCL27 (CTACK/ALP/ILC)",
      "volume": "164",
      "author": "Homey",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "J Immunol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1038/sj.jid.5700530_bb0145",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "4531",
      "DOI": "10.4049/jimmunol.168.9.4531",
      "article-title": "Quantitative expression of toll-like receptor 1\u201310 mRNA in cellular subsets of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and sensitivity to CpG oligodeoxynucleotides",
      "volume": "168",
      "author": "Hornung",
      "year": "2002",
      "journal-title": "J Immunol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1038/sj.jid.5700530_bb0150",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "863",
      "DOI": "10.1084/jem.194.6.863",
      "article-title": "Subsets of human dendritic cell precursors express different toll-like receptors and respond to different microbial antigens",
      "volume": "194",
      "author": "Kadowaki",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "J Exp Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1038/sj.jid.5700530_bb0155",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "6545",
      "DOI": "10.4049/jimmunol.172.11.6545",
      "article-title": "Small interfering RNAs mediate sequence-independent gene suppression and induce immune activation by signaling through toll-like receptor 3",
      "volume": "172",
      "author": "Kariko",
      "year": "2004",
      "journal-title": "J Immunol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1038/sj.jid.5700530_bb0160",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "185",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0923-1811(02)00105-6",
      "article-title": "Expression of functional Toll-like receptor 2 on human epidermal keratinocytes",
      "volume": "30",
      "author": "Kawai",
      "year": "2002",
      "journal-title": "J Dermatol Sci"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1038/sj.jid.5700530_bb0165",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "531",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1365-2567.2005.02122.x",
      "article-title": "Various members of the Toll-like receptor family contribute to the innate immune response of human epidermal keratinocytes",
      "volume": "114",
      "author": "Kollisch",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "Immunol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1038/sj.jid.5700530_bb0170",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "546",
      "DOI": "10.1038/374546a0",
      "article-title": "CpG motifs in bacterial DNA trigger direct B-cell activation",
      "volume": "374",
      "author": "Krieg",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "Nature"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1038/sj.jid.5700530_bb0175",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2154",
      "DOI": "10.1002/1521-4141(200107)31:7<2154::AID-IMMU2154>3.0.CO;2-U",
      "article-title": "Identification of CpG oligonucleotide sequences with high induction of IFN-alpha/beta in plasmacytoid dendritic cells",
      "volume": "31",
      "author": "Krug",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Eur J Immunol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1038/sj.jid.5700530_bb0180",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "990",
      "DOI": "10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12245.x",
      "article-title": "Double-stranded RNA-exposed human keratinocytes promote Th1 responses by inducing a Type-1 polarized phenotype in dendritic cells: role of keratinocyte-derived tumor necrosis factor alpha, type I interferons, and interleukin-18",
      "volume": "120",
      "author": "Lebre",
      "year": "2003",
      "journal-title": "J Invest Dermatol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1038/sj.jid.5700530_bb0185",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "661",
      "DOI": "10.1111/1523-1747.ep12345482",
      "article-title": "Epidermal and oral keratinocytes are induced to produce RANTES and IL-8 by cytokine stimulation",
      "volume": "106",
      "author": "Li",
      "year": "1996",
      "journal-title": "J Invest Dermatol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1038/sj.jid.5700530_bb0190",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "186",
      "DOI": "10.4049/jimmunol.162.1.186",
      "article-title": "CC-chemokine receptor 6 is expressed on diverse memory subsets of T cells and determines responsiveness to macrophage inflammatory protein 3 alpha",
      "volume": "162",
      "author": "Liao",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "J Immunol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1038/sj.jid.5700530_bb0195",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1485",
      "DOI": "10.1084/jem.169.4.1485",
      "article-title": "Purification and characterization of a novel monocyte chemotactic and activating factor produced by a human myelomonocytic cell line",
      "volume": "169",
      "author": "Matsushima",
      "year": "1989",
      "journal-title": "J Exp Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1038/sj.jid.5700530_bb0200",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "135",
      "DOI": "10.1038/35100529",
      "article-title": "Toll-like receptors and innate immunity",
      "volume": "1",
      "author": "Medzhitov",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Nat Rev Immunol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1038/sj.jid.5700530_bb0205",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1389",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1523-1747.2003.12630.x",
      "article-title": "Toll-like receptor expression in human keratinocytes: nuclear factor kappaB controlled gene activation by Staphylococcus aureus is toll-like receptor 2 but not toll-like receptor 4 or platelet activating factor receptor dependent",
      "volume": "121",
      "author": "Mempel",
      "year": "2003",
      "journal-title": "J Invest Dermatol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1038/sj.jid.5700530_bb0210",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "6137",
      "DOI": "10.4049/jimmunol.174.10.6137",
      "article-title": "TGF-alpha regulates TLR expression and function on epidermal keratinocytes",
      "volume": "174",
      "author": "Miller",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "J Immunol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1038/sj.jid.5700530_bb0215",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "377",
      "DOI": "10.1007/s00109-002-0329-3",
      "article-title": "Induction of acute phase response genes in keratinocytes following exposure to oligodeoxynucleotides",
      "volume": "80",
      "author": "Mirmohammadsadegh",
      "year": "2002",
      "journal-title": "J Mol Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1038/sj.jid.5700530_bb0220",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "14470",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.96.25.14470",
      "article-title": "CTACK, a skin-associated chemokine that preferentially attracts skin-homing memory T cells",
      "volume": "96",
      "author": "Morales",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1038/sj.jid.5700530_bb0225",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2097",
      "DOI": "10.1084/jem.187.12.2097",
      "article-title": "The human toll signaling pathway: divergence of nuclear factor kappaB and JNK/SAPK activation upstream of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6)",
      "volume": "187",
      "author": "Muzio",
      "year": "1998",
      "journal-title": "J Exp Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1038/sj.jid.5700530_bb0230",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "635",
      "DOI": "10.1111/1523-1747.ep12324061",
      "article-title": "Keratinocyte-derived monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1): analysis in a transgenic model demonstrates MCP-1 can recruit dendritic and Langerhans cells to skin",
      "volume": "105",
      "author": "Nakamura",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "J Invest Dermatol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1038/sj.jid.5700530_bb0235",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "405",
      "DOI": "10.1146/annurev.cb.10.110194.002201",
      "article-title": "Structure, regulation and function of NF-kappa B",
      "volume": "10",
      "author": "Siebenlist",
      "year": "1994",
      "journal-title": "Annu Rev Cell Biol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1038/sj.jid.5700530_bb0240",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "13722",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.241308598",
      "article-title": "Flagellin stimulation of intestinal epithelial cells triggers CCL20-mediated migration of dendritic cells",
      "volume": "98",
      "author": "Sierro",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1038/sj.jid.5700530_bb0245",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "424",
      "DOI": "10.1046/j.1523-1747.2002.01847.x",
      "article-title": "Human keratinocytes express functional CD14 and Toll-like receptor 4",
      "volume": "119",
      "author": "Song",
      "year": "2002",
      "journal-title": "J Invest Dermatol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1038/sj.jid.5700530_bb0250",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "554",
      "DOI": "10.4049/jimmunol.164.2.554",
      "article-title": "Preferentially the R-stereoisomer of the mycoplasmal lipopeptide macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2 activates immune cells through a toll-like receptor 2- and MyD88-dependent signaling pathway",
      "volume": "164",
      "author": "Takeuchi",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "J Immunol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1038/sj.jid.5700530_bb0255",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "5780",
      "DOI": "10.4049/jimmunol.165.10.5780",
      "article-title": "Toll-like receptor 4, but not toll-like receptor 2, is a signaling receptor for Escherichia and Salmonella lipopolysaccharides",
      "volume": "165",
      "author": "Tapping",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "J Immunol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1038/sj.jid.5700530_bb0260",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "716",
      "DOI": "10.1046/j.1523-1747.1999.00581.x",
      "article-title": "A keratinocyte-derived high affinity CXC-chemokine ligand for the IP-10/Mig receptor (CXCR3)",
      "volume": "112",
      "author": "Tensen",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "J Invest Dermatol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1038/sj.jid.5700530_bb0265",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "S29",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0923-1811(00)00138-9",
      "article-title": "Cytokines and chemokines in the epidermis",
      "volume": "24",
      "author": "Uchi",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "J Dermatol Sci"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1038/sj.jid.5700530_bb0270",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1286",
      "DOI": "10.4049/jimmunol.168.3.1286",
      "article-title": "In vivo expression of toll-like receptor 2 and 4 by renal epithelial cells: IFN-\u03b3 and TNF-\u03b1 mediated up-regulation during inflammation",
      "volume": "168",
      "author": "Wolfs",
      "year": "2002",
      "journal-title": "J Immunol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1038/sj.jid.5700530_bb0275",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1522",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.1094351",
      "article-title": "A toll-like receptor that prevents infection by uropathogenic bacteria",
      "volume": "303",
      "author": "Zhang",
      "year": "2004",
      "journal-title": "Science"
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "Journal of Investigative Dermatology",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0022202X15332462?httpAccept=text/xml",
      "content-type": "text/xml",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "text-mining"
    },
    {
      "URL": "https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0022202X15332462?httpAccept=text/plain",
      "content-type": "text/plain",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "text-mining"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2023,
        5,
        9
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2023-05-09T14:31:27Z",
    "timestamp": 1683642687000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022202X15332462"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2007,
        2
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 54,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "2",
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2007,
          2
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "alternative-id": [
    "S0022202X15332462"
  ],
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jid.5700530",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "0022-202X"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "container-title-short": "Journal of Investigative Dermatology",
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2007,
        2
      ]
    ]
  }
}