Hydrophobicity: an ancient damage-associated molecular pattern that initiates innate immune responses
10.1038/nri1372
Crossref journal-article
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Nature Reviews Immunology (297)
Bibliography

Seong, S.-Y., & Matzinger, P. (2004). Hydrophobicity: an ancient damage-associated molecular pattern that initiates innate immune responses. Nature Reviews Immunology, 4(6), 469–478.

Authors 2
  1. Seung-Yong Seong (first)
  2. Polly Matzinger (additional)
References 127 Referenced 977
  1. Janeway, C. A., Jr. Approaching the asymptote? Evolution and revolution in immunology. Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. 54, 1–13 (1989). (10.1101/SQB.1989.054.01.003) / Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. by CA Janeway Jr. (1989)
  2. Matzinger, P. Tolerance, danger, and the extended family. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 12, 991–1045 (1994). (10.1146/annurev.iy.12.040194.005015) / Annu. Rev. Immunol. by P Matzinger (1994)
  3. Brightbill, H. D. et al. Host defense mechanisms triggered by microbial lipoproteins through Toll-like receptors. Science 285, 732–736 (1999). (10.1126/science.285.5428.732) / Science by HD Brightbill (1999)
  4. Gallucci, S., Lolkema, M. & Matzinger, P. Natural adjuvants: endogenous activators of dendritic cells. Nature Med. 5, 1249–1255 (1999). (10.1038/15200) / Nature Med. by S Gallucci (1999)
  5. Medzhitov, R. & Janeway, C. A., Jr. Decoding the patterns of self and nonself by the innate immune system. Science 296, 298–300 (2002). (10.1126/science.1068883) / Science by R Medzhitov (2002)
  6. Janeway, C. A., Jr. & Medzhitov, R. Innate immune recognition. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 20, 197–216 (2002). (10.1146/annurev.immunol.20.083001.084359) / Annu. Rev. Immunol. by CA Janeway Jr. (2002)
  7. Termeer, C. et al. Oligosaccharides of hyaluronan activate dendritic cells via toll-like receptor 4. J. Exp. Med. 195, 99–111 (2002). (10.1084/jem.20001858) / J. Exp. Med. by C Termeer (2002)
  8. Asea, A. et al. Novel signal transduction pathway utilized by extracellular HSP70: role of toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 15028–15034 (2002). (10.1074/jbc.M200497200) / J. Biol. Chem. by A Asea (2002)
  9. Guillot, L. et al. Cutting edge: the immunostimulatory activity of the lung surfactant protein-A involves Toll-like receptor 4. J. Immunol. 168, 5989–5992 (2002). (10.4049/jimmunol.168.12.5989) / J. Immunol. by L Guillot (2002)
  10. Shi, Y., Evans, J. E. & Rock, K. L. Molecular identification of a danger signal that alerts the immune system to dying cells. Nature 425, 516–521 (2003). (10.1038/nature01991) / Nature by Y Shi (2003)
  11. Okamura, Y. et al. The extra domain A of fibronectin activates Toll-like receptor 4. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 10229–10233 (2001). (10.1074/jbc.M100099200) / J. Biol. Chem. by Y Okamura (2001)
  12. Biragyn, A. et al. Toll-like receptor 4-dependent activation of dendritic cells by β-defensin 2. Science 298, 1025–1029 (2002). (10.1126/science.1075565) / Science by A Biragyn (2002)
  13. Peitsch, M. C., Tschopp, J., Kress, A. & Isliker, H. Antibody-independent activation of the complement system by mitochondria is mediated by cardiolipin. Biochem. J. 249, 495–500 (1988). (10.1042/bj2490495) / Biochem. J. by MC Peitsch (1988)
  14. Bausinger, H. et al. Endotoxin-free heat-shock protein 70 fails to induce APC activation. Eur. J. Immunol. 32, 3708–3713 (2002). (10.1002/1521-4141(200212)32:12<3708::AID-IMMU3708>3.0.CO;2-C) / Eur. J. Immunol. by H Bausinger (2002)
  15. Wallin, R. P. et al. Heat-shock proteins as activators of the innate immune system. Trends Immunol. 23, 130–135 (2002). (10.1016/S1471-4906(01)02168-8) / Trends Immunol. by RP Wallin (2002)
  16. Dembic, Z. Immune system protects integrity of tissues. Mol. Immunol. 37, 563–569 (2000). (10.1016/S0161-5890(00)00084-5) / Mol. Immunol. by Z Dembic (2000)
  17. Wahl, L. M., Shankavaram, U. & Zhang, Y. Role of macrophages in vascular tissue remodelling. Transpl. Immunol. 5, 173–176 (1997). (10.1016/S0966-3274(97)80033-0) / Transpl. Immunol. by LM Wahl (1997)
  18. Takeda, K., Kaisho, T. & Akira, S. Toll-like receptors. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 21, 335–376 (2003). (10.1146/annurev.immunol.21.120601.141126) / Annu. Rev. Immunol. by K Takeda (2003)
  19. Sugiyama, T. & Wright, S. D. Soluble CD14 mediates efflux of phospholipids from cells. J. Immunol. 166, 826–831 (2001). (10.4049/jimmunol.166.2.826) / J. Immunol. by T Sugiyama (2001)
  20. Wang, P. Y. & Munford, R. S. CD14-dependent internalization and metabolism of extracellular phosphatidylinositol by monocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 274, 23235–23241 (1999). (10.1074/jbc.274.33.23235) / J. Biol. Chem. by PY Wang (1999)
  21. Callahan, M. K. et al. Phosphatidylserine expression and phagocytosis of apoptotic thymocytes during differentiation of monocytic cells. J. Leukoc. Biol. 74, 846–56 (2003). (10.1189/jlb.0902433) / J. Leukoc. Biol. by MK Callahan (2003)
  22. Stover, A. G. et al. Structure–activity relationship of synthetic Toll-like receptor 4 agonists. J. Biol. Chem. 279, 4440–4449 (2004). (10.1074/jbc.M310760200) / J. Biol. Chem. by AG Stover (2004)
  23. Bell, J. K. et al. Leucine-rich repeats and pathogen recognition in Toll-like receptors. Trends Immunol. 24, 528–533 (2003). (10.1016/S1471-4906(03)00242-4) / Trends Immunol. by JK Bell (2003)
  24. Jones, E. Y. MHC class I and class II structures. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 9, 75–79 (1997). (10.1016/S0952-7915(97)80162-8) / Curr. Opin. Immunol. by EY Jones (1997)
  25. Sinha, N. & Smith-Gill, S. J. Electrostatics in protein binding and function. Curr. Protein Pept. Sci. 3, 601–614 (2002). (10.2174/1389203023380431) / Curr. Protein Pept. Sci. by N Sinha (2002)
  26. Hashimoto, M. et al. Chemical structure and immunobiological activity of lipid A from Prevotella intermedia ATCC 25611 lipopolysaccharide. FEBS Lett. 543, 98–102 (2003). (10.1016/S0014-5793(03)00414-9) / FEBS Lett. by M Hashimoto (2003)
  27. Steinberg, M. H. & Rodgers, G. P. Pathophysiology of sickle cell disease: role of cellular and genetic modifiers. Semin. Hematol. 38, 299–306 (2001). (10.1016/S0037-1963(01)90023-X) / Semin. Hematol. by MH Steinberg (2001)
  28. Minton, A. P. The influence of macromolecular crowding and macromolecular confinement on biochemical reactions in physiological media. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 10577–10580 (2001). (10.1074/jbc.R100005200) / J. Biol. Chem. by AP Minton (2001)
  29. Agashe, V. R. & Hartl, F. U. Roles of molecular chaperones in cytoplasmic protein folding. Semin. Cell. Dev. Biol. 11, 15–25 (2000). (10.1006/scdb.1999.0347) / Semin. Cell. Dev. Biol. by VR Agashe (2000)
  30. Ben-Zvi, A. P. & Goloubinoff, P. Mechanisms of disaggregation and refolding of stable protein aggregates by molecular chaperones. J. Struct. Biol. 135, 84–93 (2001). (10.1006/jsbi.2001.4352) / J. Struct. Biol. by AP Ben-Zvi (2001)
  31. Glotzer, J. B. et al. Activation of heat-shock response by an adenovirus is essential for virus replication. Nature 407, 207–211 (2000). (10.1038/35025102) / Nature by JB Glotzer (2000)
  32. Kourie, J. I. & Henry, C. L. Ion channel formation and membrane-linked pathologies of misfolded hydrophobic proteins: the role of dangerous unchaperoned molecules. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. 29, 741–753 (2002). (10.1046/j.1440-1681.2002.03737.x) / Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. by JI Kourie (2002)
  33. Kuroki, Y. et al. A novel type of binding specificity to phospholipids for rat mannose-binding proteins isolated from serum and liver. FEBS Lett. 414, 387–392 (1997). (10.1016/S0014-5793(97)01022-3) / FEBS Lett. by Y Kuroki (1997)
  34. de Beer, M. C. et al. Apolipoprotein A-II modulates the binding and selective lipid uptake of reconstituted high density lipoprotein by scavenger receptor BI. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 15832–15839 (2001). (10.1074/jbc.M100228200) / J. Biol. Chem. by MC de Beer (2001)
  35. Vandivier, R. W. et al. Role of surfactant proteins A, D, and C1q in the clearance of apoptotic cells in vivo and in vitro: calreticulin and CD91 as a common collectin receptor complex. J. Immunol. 169, 3978–3986 (2002). (10.4049/jimmunol.169.7.3978) / J. Immunol. by RW Vandivier (2002)
  36. Marcel, Y. L. & Kiss, R. S. Structure–function relationships of apolipoprotein A-I: a flexible protein with dynamic lipid associations. Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 14, 151–157 (2003). (10.1097/00041433-200304000-00006) / Curr. Opin. Lipidol. by YL Marcel (2003)
  37. Borst, P., Zelcer, N. & van Helvoort, A. ABC transporters in lipid transport. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1486, 128–144 (2000). (10.1016/S1388-1981(00)00053-6) / Biochim. Biophys. Acta by P Borst (2000)
  38. Inohara, N. & Nunez, G. NODs: intracellular proteins involved in inflammation and apoptosis. Nature Rev. Immunol. 3, 371–382 (2003). (10.1038/nri1086) / Nature Rev. Immunol. by N Inohara (2003)
  39. Krantz, D. D., Zidovetzki, R., Kagan, B. L. & Zipursky, S. L. Amphipathic β structure of a leucine-rich repeat peptide. J. Biol. Chem. 266, 16801–16807 (1991). (10.1016/S0021-9258(18)55372-2) / J. Biol. Chem. by DD Krantz (1991)
  40. Hunter, R., Strickland, F. & Kezdy, F. The adjuvant activity of nonionic block polymer surfactants. I. The role of hydrophile–lipophile balance. J. Immunol. 127, 1244–1250 (1981). (10.4049/jimmunol.127.3.1244) / J. Immunol. by R Hunter (1981)
  41. Nishiguchi, M. et al. Mycoplasma fermentans lipoprotein M161Ag-induced cell activation is mediated by Toll-like receptor 2: role of N-terminal hydrophobic portion in its multiple functions. J. Immunol. 166, 2610–2616 (2001). (10.4049/jimmunol.166.4.2610) / J. Immunol. by M Nishiguchi (2001)
  42. Kurt-Jones, E. A. et al. Pattern recognition receptors TLR4 and CD14 mediate response to respiratory syncytial virus. Nature Immunol. 1, 398–401 (2000). (10.1038/80833) / Nature Immunol. by EA Kurt-Jones (2000)
  43. Koka, R. M., Huang, E. & Lieske, J. C. Adhesion of uric acid crystals to the surface of renal epithelial cells. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 278, F989–F998 (2000). (10.1152/ajprenal.2000.278.6.F989) / Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. by RM Koka (2000)
  44. Hristova, K., Selsted, M. E. & White, S. H. Critical role of lipid composition in membrane permeabilization by rabbit neutrophil defensins. J. Biol. Chem. 272, 24224–24233 (1997). (10.1074/jbc.272.39.24224) / J. Biol. Chem. by K Hristova (1997)
  45. Burston, S. G. & Clarke, A. R. Molecular chaperones: physical and mechanistic properties. Essays Biochem. 29, 125–136 (1995). / Essays Biochem. by SG Burston (1995)
  46. Stromer, T., Ehrnsperger, M., Gaestel, M. & Buchner, J. Analysis of the interaction of small heat shock proteins with unfolding proteins. J. Biol. Chem. 278, 18015–18021 (2003). (10.1074/jbc.M301640200) / J. Biol. Chem. by T Stromer (2003)
  47. Surin, A. K., Kotova, N. V., Marchenkova, S., Marchenkov, V. V. & Semisotnov, G. V. Monomeric form of the molecular chaperone GroEL: structure, stability, and oligomerization. Bioorg. Khim. 25, 358–364 (1999) (in Russian). / Bioorg. Khim. by AK Surin (1999)
  48. Gorovits, B. M. & Horowitz, P. M. The chaperonin GroEL is destabilized by binding of ADP. J. Biol. Chem. 270, 28551–28556 (1995). (10.1074/jbc.270.48.28551) / J. Biol. Chem. by BM Gorovits (1995)
  49. Lapcik, L., Jr, Lapcik, L., De Smedt, S., Demeester, J. & Chabrecek, P. Hyaluronan: preparation, structure, properties, and applications. Chem. Rev. 98, 2663–2684 (1998). (10.1021/cr941199z) / Chem. Rev. by L Lapcik Jr (1998)
  50. Srimal, S., Surolia, N., Balasubramanian, S. & Surolia, A. Titration calorimetric studies to elucidate the specificity of the interactions of polymyxin B with lipopolysaccharides and lipid A. Biochem. J. 315, 679–686 (1996). (10.1042/bj3150679) / Biochem. J. by S Srimal (1996)
  51. Katz, M. et al. Lipid binding and membrane penetration of polymyxin B derivatives studied in a biomimetic vesicle system. Biochem. J. 375, 405–413 (2003). (10.1042/bj20030784) / Biochem. J. by M Katz (2003)
  52. Thorbecke, G. J. & Benacerraf, B. Tolerance in adult rabbits by repeated non-immunogenic doses of bovine serum albumin. Immunology 13, 141–145 (1967). / Immunology by GJ Thorbecke (1967)
  53. Golub, E. S. & Weigle, W. O. Studies on the induction of immunologic unresponsiveness. 3. Antigen form and mouse strain variation. J. Immunol. 102, 389–396 (1969). (10.4049/jimmunol.102.2.389) / J. Immunol. by ES Golub (1969)
  54. Reding, M. T. et al. CD4+ T cell response to factor VIII in hemophilia A, acquired hemophilia, and healthy subjects. Thromb. Haemost. 82, 509–515 (1999). (10.1055/s-0037-1615873) / Thromb. Haemost. by MT Reding (1999)
  55. Saenko, E. L., Shima, M. & Sarafanov, A. G. Role of activation of the coagulation factor VIII in interaction with vWf, phospholipid, and functioning within the factor Xase complex. Trends Cardiovasc. Med. 9, 185–192 (1999). (10.1016/S1050-1738(00)00019-0) / Trends Cardiovasc. Med. by EL Saenko (1999)
  56. Barrick, J. E. & Roberts, R. W. Sequence analysis of an artificial family of RNA-binding peptides. Protein Sci. 11, 2688–2696 (2002). (10.1110/ps.0208902) / Protein Sci. by JE Barrick (2002)
  57. Heil, F. et al. Species-specific recognition of single-stranded RNA via toll-like receptor 7 and 8. Science 303, 1526–1529 (2004). (10.1126/science.1093620) / Science by F Heil (2004)
  58. Matsumoto, M., Kikkawa, S., Kohase, M., Miyake, K. & Seya, T. Establishment of a monoclonal antibody against human Toll-like receptor 3 that blocks double-stranded RNA-mediated signaling. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 293, 1364–1369 (2002). (10.1016/S0006-291X(02)00380-7) / Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. by M Matsumoto (2002)
  59. Kishore, U. & Reid, K. B. Structures and functions of mammalian collectins. Results Probl. Cell Differ. 33, 225–248 (2001). (10.1007/978-3-540-46410-5_12) / Results Probl. Cell Differ. by U Kishore (2001)
  60. Seifert, P. S. et al. Isolation and characterization of a complement-activating lipid extracted from human atherosclerotic lesions. J. Exp. Med. 172, 547–557 (1990). (10.1084/jem.172.2.547) / J. Exp. Med. by PS Seifert (1990)
  61. Kairies, N. et al. The 2.0-A crystal structure of tachylectin 5A provides evidence for the common origin of the innate immunity and the blood coagulation systems. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 98, 13519–13524 (2001). (10.1073/pnas.201523798) / Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA by N Kairies (2001)
  62. Retzinger, G. S., DeAnglis, A. P. & Patuto, S. J. Adsorption of fibrinogen to droplets of liquid hydrophobic phases. Functionality of the bound protein and biological implications. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 18, 1948–1957 (1998). (10.1161/01.ATV.18.12.1948) / Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. by GS Retzinger (1998)
  63. Hailman, E. et al. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein accelerates the binding of LPS to CD14. J. Exp. Med. 179, 269–277 (1994). (10.1084/jem.179.1.269) / J. Exp. Med. by E Hailman (1994)
  64. Muta, T. & Takeshige, K. Essential roles of CD14 and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein for activation of toll-like receptor (TLR)2 as well as TLR4. Reconstitution of TLR2- and TLR4-activation by distinguishable ligands in LPS preparations. Eur. J. Biochem. 268, 4580–4589 (2001). (10.1046/j.1432-1327.2001.02385.x) / Eur. J. Biochem. by T Muta (2001)
  65. Yu, B., Hailman, E. & Wright, S. D. Lipopolysaccharide binding protein and soluble CD14 catalyze exchange of phospholipids. J. Clin. Invest. 99, 315–324 (1997). (10.1172/JCI119160) / J. Clin. Invest. by B Yu (1997)
  66. Gregory, C. D. & Devitt, A. CD14 and apoptosis. Apoptosis 4, 11–20 (1999). (10.1023/A:1009673914340) / Apoptosis by CD Gregory (1999)
  67. Schlegel, R. A., Callahan, M. K. & Williamson, P. The central role of phosphatidylserine in the phagocytosis of apoptotic thymocytes. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 926, 217–225 (2000). (10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb05614.x) / Ann. NY Acad. Sci. by RA Schlegel (2000)
  68. van Oss, C. J. Phagocytosis as a surface phenomenon. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 32, 19–39 (1978). (10.1146/annurev.mi.32.100178.000315) / Annu. Rev. Microbiol. by CJ van Oss (1978)
  69. McEvoy, L., Williamson, P. & Schlegel, R. A. Membrane phospholipid asymmetry as a determinant of erythrocyte recognition by macrophages. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 83, 3311–3315 (1986). (10.1073/pnas.83.10.3311) / Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA by L McEvoy (1986)
  70. Schlegel, R. A., Krahling, S., Callahan, M. K. & Williamson, P. CD14 is a component of multiple recognition systems used by macrophages to phagocytose apoptotic lymphocytes. Cell Death Differ. 6, 583–592 (1999). (10.1038/sj.cdd.4400529) / Cell Death Differ. by RA Schlegel (1999)
  71. Thompson, D., Pepys, M. B. & Wood, S. P. The physiological structure of human C-reactive protein and its complex with phosphocholine. Structure Fold. Des. 7, 169–177 (1999). (10.1016/S0969-2126(99)80023-9) / Structure Fold. Des. by D Thompson (1999)
  72. Gershov, D., Kim, S., Brot, N. & Elkon, K. B. C-reactive protein binds to apoptotic cells, protects the cells from assembly of the terminal complement components, and sustains an antiinflammatory innate immune response: implications for systemic autoimmunity. J. Exp. Med. 192, 1353–1364 (2000). (10.1084/jem.192.9.1353) / J. Exp. Med. by D Gershov (2000)
  73. Platt, N., da Silva, R. P. & Gordon, S. Class A scavenger receptors and the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. Immunol. Lett. 65, 15–19 (1999). (10.1016/S0165-2478(98)00118-7) / Immunol. Lett. by N Platt (1999)
  74. Platt, N. & Gordon, S. Is the class A macrophage scavenger receptor (SR-A) multifunctional? The mouse's tale. J. Clin. Invest. 108, 649–654 (2001). (10.1172/JCI200113903) / J. Clin. Invest. by N Platt (2001)
  75. Janabi, M. et al. Oxidized LDL-induced NF-κB activation and subsequent expression of proinflammatory genes are defective in monocyte-derived macrophages from CD36-deficient patients. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 20, 1953–1960 (2000). (10.1161/01.ATV.20.8.1953) / Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. by M Janabi (2000)
  76. Krieger, M. Molecular flypaper and atherosclerosis: structure of the macrophage scavenger receptor. Trends Biochem. Sci. 17, 141–146 (1992). (10.1016/0968-0004(92)90322-Z) / Trends Biochem. Sci. by M Krieger (1992)
  77. Coraci, I. S. et al. CD36, a class B scavenger receptor, is expressed on microglia in Alzheimer's disease brains and can mediate production of reactive oxygen species in response to β-amyloid fibrils. Am. J. Pathol. 160, 101–112 (2002). (10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64354-4) / Am. J. Pathol. by IS Coraci (2002)
  78. Terpstra, V., Bird, D. A. & Steinberg, D. Evidence that the lipid moiety of oxidized low density lipoprotein plays a role in its interaction with macrophage receptors. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 95, 1806–1811 (1998). (10.1073/pnas.95.4.1806) / Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA by V Terpstra (1998)
  79. Rutschmann, S., Kilinc, A. & Ferrandon, D. Cutting edge: the toll pathway is required for resistance to Gram-positive bacterial infections in Drosophila. J. Immunol. 168, 1542–1546 (2002). (10.4049/jimmunol.168.4.1542) / J. Immunol. by S Rutschmann (2002)
  80. Kiechl, S., Wiedermann, C. J. & Willeit, J. Toll-like receptor 4 and atherogenesis. Ann. Med. 35, 164–171 (2003). (10.1080/07853890310008215) / Ann. Med. by S Kiechl (2003)
  81. Muta, T. & Iwanaga, S. The role of hemolymph coagulation in innate immunity. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 8, 41–47 (1996). (10.1016/S0952-7915(96)80103-8) / Curr. Opin. Immunol. by T Muta (1996)
  82. Haziot, A. et al. Resistance to endotoxin shock and reduced dissemination of Gram-negative bacteria in CD14-deficient mice. Immunity 4, 407–414 (1996). (10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80254-X) / Immunity by A Haziot (1996)
  83. Yamada, Y., Doi, T., Hamakubo, T. & Kodama, T. Scavenger receptor family proteins: roles for atherosclerosis, host defence and disorders of the central nervous system. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 54, 628–640 (1998). (10.1007/s000180050191) / Cell. Mol. Life Sci. by Y Yamada (1998)
  84. Urban, B. C. et al. Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes modulate the maturation of dendritic cells. Nature 400, 73–77 (1999). (10.1038/21900) / Nature by BC Urban (1999)
  85. Finney, J. L. The Structural Basis of the Hydrophobic Interaction (ed. Bellissent-Funel, M.-C.) (IOS press, 1999). / The Structural Basis of the Hydrophobic Interaction by JL Finney (1999)
  86. Berezovskyi, I. N. & Trifono, E. Protein structure and folding: a new start. J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn. 19, 397–403 (2001). (10.1080/07391102.2001.10506749) / J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn. by IN Berezovskyi (2001)
  87. Eisenberg, D. & McLachlan, A. D. Solvation energy in protein folding and binding. Nature 319, 199–203 (1986). (10.1038/319199a0) / Nature by D Eisenberg (1986)
  88. Borsos, T. Immune complex mediated activation of the classical complement pathway. Behring Inst. Mitt. 84, 93–101 (1989). / Behring Inst. Mitt. by T Borsos (1989)
  89. Storrs, S. B., Kolb, W. P. & Olson, M. S. C1q binding and C1 activation by various isolated cellular membranes. J. Immunol. 131, 416–422 (1983). (10.4049/jimmunol.131.1.416) / J. Immunol. by SB Storrs (1983)
  90. Martin, J. Protein folding assisted by the GroEL/GroES chaperonin system. Biochemistry (Mosc) 63, 374–381 (1998). / Biochemistry (Mosc) by J Martin (1998)
  91. Molina, A. & Garcia-Olmedo, F. Developmental and pathogen-induced expression of three barley genes encoding lipid transfer proteins. Plant J. 4, 983–991 (1993). (10.1046/j.1365-313X.1993.04060983.x) / Plant J. by A Molina (1993)
  92. Guiderdoni, E. et al. Inducibility by pathogen attack and developmental regulation of the rice Ltp1 gene. Plant Mol. Biol. 49, 683–699 (2002). (10.1023/A:1015595100145) / Plant Mol. Biol. by E Guiderdoni (2002)
  93. Bonas, U. & Lahaye, T. Plant disease resistance triggered by pathogen-derived molecules: refined models of specific recognition. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 5, 44–50 (2002). (10.1016/S1369-5274(02)00284-9) / Curr. Opin. Microbiol. by U Bonas (2002)
  94. Niere, M., Dettloff, M., Maier, T., Ziegler, M. & Wiesner, A. Insect immune activation by apolipophorin III is correlated with the lipid-binding properties of this protein. Biochemistry 40, 11502–11508 (2001). (10.1021/bi010117f) / Biochemistry by M Niere (2001)
  95. Bergner, A. et al. Crystal structure of a coagulogen, the clotting protein from horseshoe crab: a structural homologue of nerve growth factor. EMBO J. 15, 6789–6797 (1996). (10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb01070.x) / EMBO J. by A Bergner (1996)
  96. Zhou, D. et al. Editing of Cd1d-bound lipid antigens by endosomal lipid transfer proteins. Science 303, 523–527 (2004). (10.1126/science.1092009) / Science by D Zhou (2004)
  97. Verjans, G. M., van Hagen, P. M., van der Kooi, A., Osterhaus, A. D. & Baarsma, G. S. Vγ9Vδ2 T cells recovered from eyes of patients with Behcet's disease recognize non-peptide prenyl pyrophosphate antigens. J. Neuroimmunol. 130, 46–54 (2002). (10.1016/S0165-5728(02)00208-4) / J. Neuroimmunol. by GM Verjans (2002)
  98. Vance, D. E. & Van den Bosch, H. Cholesterol in the year 2000. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1529, 1–8 (2000). (10.1016/S1388-1981(00)00133-5) / Biochim. Biophys. Acta by DE Vance (2000)
  99. Neuhaus, F. C. & Baddiley, J. A continuum of anionic charge: structures and functions of D-alanyl-teichoic acids in gram-positive bacteria. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 67, 686–723 (2003). (10.1128/MMBR.67.4.686-723.2003) / Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. by FC Neuhaus (2003)
  100. Smith, K. D. et al. Toll-like receptor 5 recognizes a conserved site on flagellin required for protofilament formation and bacterial motility. Nature Immunol. 4, 1247–1253 (2003). (10.1038/ni1011) / Nature Immunol. by KD Smith (2003)
  101. Cheng, V. C. et al. Clinical spectrum of paradoxical deterioration during antituberculosis therapy in non-HIV-infected patients. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 21, 803–809 (2002). (10.1007/s10096-002-0821-2) / Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. by VC Cheng (2002)
  102. Ofori, M. F. et al. Malaria-induced acquisition of antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum variant surface antigens. Infect. Immun. 70, 2982–2988 (2002). (10.1128/IAI.70.6.2982-2988.2002) / Infect. Immun. by MF Ofori (2002)
  103. Lawrence, T., Willoughby, D. A. & Gilroy, D. W. Anti-inflammatory lipid mediators and insights into the resolution of inflammation. Nature Rev. Immunol. 2, 787–795 (2002). (10.1038/nri915) / Nature Rev. Immunol. by T Lawrence (2002)
  104. Golenbock, D. T., Hampton, R. Y., Qureshi, N., Takayama, K. & Raetz, C. R. Lipid A-like molecules that antagonize the effects of endotoxins on human monocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 266, 19490–19498 (1991). (10.1016/S0021-9258(18)55023-7) / J. Biol. Chem. by DT Golenbock (1991)
  105. Schromm, A. B. et al. Biological activities of lipopolysaccharides are determined by the shape of their lipid A portion. Eur. J. Biochem. 267, 2008–2013 (2000). (10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01204.x) / Eur. J. Biochem. by AB Schromm (2000)
  106. Brandenburg, K. et al. Influence of the supramolecular structure of free lipid A on its biological activity. Eur. J. Biochem. 218, 555–563 (1993). (10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb18409.x) / Eur. J. Biochem. by K Brandenburg (1993)
  107. Seydel, U., Brandenburg, K., Koch, M. H. & Rietschel, E. T. Supramolecular structure of lipopolysaccharide and free lipid A under physiological conditions as determined by synchrotron small-angle X-ray diffraction. Eur. J. Biochem. 186, 325–332 (1989). (10.1111/j.1432-1033.1989.tb15212.x) / Eur. J. Biochem. by U Seydel (1989)
  108. Seydel, U., Oikawa, M., Fukase, K., Kusumoto, S. & Brandenburg, K. Intrinsic conformation of lipid A is responsible for agonistic and antagonistic activity. Eur. J. Biochem. 267, 3032–3039 (2000). (10.1046/j.1432-1033.2000.01326.x) / Eur. J. Biochem. by U Seydel (2000)
  109. Seydel, U. et al. The generalized endotoxic principle. Eur. J. Immunol. 33, 1586–1592 (2003). (10.1002/eji.200323649) / Eur. J. Immunol. by U Seydel (2003)
  110. Hofmann, A. F. & Roda, A. Physicochemical properties of bile acids and their relationship to biological properties: an overview of the problem. J. Lipid Res. 25, 1477–1489 (1984). (10.1016/S0022-2275(20)34421-7) / J. Lipid Res. by AF Hofmann (1984)
  111. Pison, U., Max, M., Neuendank, A., Weissbach, S. & Pietschmann, S. Host defence capacities of pulmonary surfactant: evidence for 'non-surfactant' functions of the surfactant system. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 24, 586–599 (1994). (10.1111/j.1365-2362.1994.tb01110.x) / Eur. J. Clin. Invest. by U Pison (1994)
  112. Hailman, E., Albers, J. J., Wolfbauer, G., Tu, A. Y. & Wright, S. D. Neutralization and transfer of lipopolysaccharide by phospholipid transfer protein. J. Biol. Chem. 271, 12172–12178 (1996). (10.1074/jbc.271.21.12172) / J. Biol. Chem. by E Hailman (1996)
  113. Vreugdenhil, A. C. et al. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein mediates LPS detoxification by chylomicrons. J. Immunol. 170, 1399–1405 (2003). (10.4049/jimmunol.170.3.1399) / J. Immunol. by AC Vreugdenhil (2003)
  114. Kasravi, F. B., Brecht, W. J., Weisgraber, K. H. & Harris, H. W. Induction of cytokine tolerance requires internalization of chylomicron-bound LPS into hepatocytes. J. Surg. Res. 115, 303–309 (2003). (10.1016/S0022-4804(03)00197-5) / J. Surg. Res. by FB Kasravi (2003)
  115. Henson, P. M., Bratton, D. L. & Fadok, V. A. The phosphatidylserine receptor: a crucial molecular switch? Nature Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2, 627–633 (2001). (10.1038/35085094) / Nature Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. by PM Henson (2001)
  116. Vassiliou, E., Jing, H. & Ganea, D. Prostaglandin E2 inhibits TNF production in murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. Cell. Immunol. 223, 120–132 (2003). (10.1016/S0008-8749(03)00158-8) / Cell. Immunol. by E Vassiliou (2003)
  117. Angeli, V. et al. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ inhibits the migration of dendritic cells: consequences for the immune response. J. Immunol. 170, 5295–5301 (2003). (10.4049/jimmunol.170.10.5295) / J. Immunol. by V Angeli (2003)
  118. Migita, H., Satozawa, N., Lin, J. H., Morser, J. & Kawai, K. RORα1 and RORα4 suppress TNF-α-induced VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 expression in human endothelial cells. FEBS Lett. 557, 269–274 (2004). (10.1016/S0014-5793(03)01502-3) / FEBS Lett. by H Migita (2004)
  119. Sinclair, N. R. & Anderson, C. C. Co-stimulation and co-inhibition: equal partners in regulation. Scand. J. Immunol. 43, 597–603 (1996). (10.1046/j.1365-3083.1996.d01-267.x) / Scand. J. Immunol. by NR Sinclair (1996)
  120. McNab, R. et al. Cell wall-anchored CshA polypeptide (259 kilodaltons) in Streptococcus gordonii forms surface fibrils that confer hydrophobic and adhesive properties. J. Bacteriol. 181, 3087–3095 (1999). (10.1128/JB.181.10.3087-3095.1999) / J. Bacteriol. by R McNab (1999)
  121. Ofek, I. & Doyle, R. J. Bacterial Adhesion to Cells and Tissues (Chapman and Hall, London/New York, 1994). (10.1007/978-1-4684-6435-1) / Bacterial Adhesion to Cells and Tissues by I Ofek (1994)
  122. Cvitkovitch, D. G., Li, Y. H. & Ellen, R. P. Quorum sensing and biofilm formation in Streptococcal infections. J. Clin. Invest. 112, 1626–1632 (2003). (10.1172/JCI200320430) / J. Clin. Invest. by DG Cvitkovitch (2003)
  123. Chill, J. H., Quadt, S. R., Levy, R., Schreiber, G. & Anglister, J. The human type I interferon receptor: NMR structure reveals the molecular basis of ligand binding. Structure (Camb) 11, 791–802 (2003). (10.1016/S0969-2126(03)00120-5) / Structure (Camb) by JH Chill (2003)
  124. Zhao, X., Singh, M., Malashkevich, V. N. & Kim, P. S. Structural characterization of the human respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein core. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 97, 14172–14177 (2000). (10.1073/pnas.260499197) / Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA by X Zhao (2000)
  125. Sauer, F. G. et al. Structural basis of chaperone function and pilus biogenesis. Science 285, 1058–1061 (1999). (10.1126/science.285.5430.1058) / Science by FG Sauer (1999)
  126. Braig, K., Adams, P. D. & Brunger, A. T. Conformational variability in the refined structure of the chaperonin GroEL at 2.8 A resolution. Nature Struct. Biol. 2, 1083–1094 (1995). (10.1038/nsb1295-1083) / Nature Struct. Biol. by K Braig (1995)
  127. Schwarz, U. S. Phase behavior of amphiphilic systems. Acta Physica Polonica B 29, 1815–1826 (1998). / Acta Physica Polonica B by US Schwarz (1998)
Dates
Type When
Created 21 years, 2 months ago (June 1, 2004, 11:34 a.m.)
Deposited 1 year, 7 months ago (Jan. 13, 2024, 10:03 a.m.)
Indexed 8 minutes ago (Aug. 28, 2025, 9:36 p.m.)
Issued 21 years, 2 months ago (June 1, 2004)
Published 21 years, 2 months ago (June 1, 2004)
Published Print 21 years, 2 months ago (June 1, 2004)
Funders 0

None

@article{Seong_2004, title={Hydrophobicity: an ancient damage-associated molecular pattern that initiates innate immune responses}, volume={4}, ISSN={1474-1741}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nri1372}, DOI={10.1038/nri1372}, number={6}, journal={Nature Reviews Immunology}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Seong, Seung-Yong and Matzinger, Polly}, year={2004}, month=jun, pages={469–478} }