DOI: 10.1038/nmat4336. In situ study of the initiation of hydrogen bubbles at the aluminium metal/oxide interface

In situ study of the initiation of hydrogen bubbles at the aluminium metal/oxide interface

10.1038/nmat4336

Crossref journal-article

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Nature Materials (297)

Bibliography

Xie, D.-G., Wang, Z.-J., Sun, J., Li, J., Ma, E., & Shan, Z.-W. (2015). In situ study of the initiation of hydrogen bubbles at the aluminium metal/oxide interface. Nature Materials, 14(9), 899â903.

Authors 6

De-Gang Xie (first)
Zhang-Jie Wang (additional)
Jun Sun (additional)
Ju Li (additional)
Evan Ma (additional)
Zhi-Wei Shan (additional)

References 29 Referenced 155

Rozenak, P. Hemispherical bubbles growth on electrochemically charged aluminum with hydrogen. Int. J. Hydrog. Energy 32, 2816–2823 (2007). (10.1016/j.ijhydene.2007.01.009) / Int. J. Hydrog. Energy by P Rozenak (2007)
Liu, Y. et al. Detachment of alumina films from aluminium by 100 keV H+ ions. Surf. Interface Anal. 33, 318–321 (2002). (10.1002/sia.1197) / Surf. Interface Anal. by Y Liu (2002)
Subanovic, M. et al. Blistering of MCrAlY-coatings in H2/H2O-atmospheres. Corros. Sci. 51, 446–450 (2009). (10.1016/j.corsci.2009.01.008) / Corros. Sci. by M Subanovic (2009)
Sergo, V. & Clarke, D. R. Observation of subcritical spall propagation of a thermal barrier coating. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 81, 3237–3242 (1998). (10.1111/j.1151-2916.1998.tb02761.x) / J. Am. Ceram. Soc. by V Sergo (1998)
Saunders, S. R. J., Monteiro, M. & Rizzo, F. The oxidation behaviour of metals and alloys at high temperatures in atmospheres containing water vapour: A review. Prog. Mater. Sci. 53, 775–837 (2008). (10.1016/j.pmatsci.2007.11.001) / Prog. Mater. Sci. by SRJ Saunders (2008)
Smialek, J. L. Moisture-induced TBC spallation on turbine blade samples. Surf. Coat. Technol. 206, 1577–1585 (2011). (10.1016/j.surfcoat.2011.07.015) / Surf. Coat. Technol. by JL Smialek (2011)
Haynes, J. A., Unocic, K. A. & Pint, B. A. Effect of water vapor on the 1100 °C oxidation behavior of plasma-sprayed TBCs with HVOF NiCoCrAlX bond coatings. Surf. Coat. Technol. 215, 39–45 (2013). (10.1016/j.surfcoat.2012.07.099) / Surf. Coat. Technol. by JA Haynes (2013)
Hultquist, G., Tveten, B. & Hornlund, E. Hydrogen in chromium: Influence on the high-temperature oxidation kinetics in H2O, oxide-growth mechanisms, and scale adherence. Oxid. Met. 54, 1–10 (2000). (10.1023/A:1004610626903) / Oxid. Met. by G Hultquist (2000)
Bailey, P. et al. Damage of alumina films by medium energy hydrogen and helium ions. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 197, 265–270 (2002). (10.1016/S0168-583X(02)01486-6) / Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B by P Bailey (2002)
Tokunaga, K. et al. Blister formation and deuterium retention on tungsten exposed to low energy and high flux deuterium plasma. J. Nucl. Mater. 337, 887–891 (2005). (10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.10.137) / J. Nucl. Mater. by K Tokunaga (2005)
Lu, G. H., Zhou, H. B. & Becquart, C. S. A review of modelling and simulation of hydrogen behaviour in tungsten at different scales. Nucl. Fusion 54, 086001 (2014). (10.1088/0029-5515/54/8/086001) / Nucl. Fusion by GH Lu (2014)
Scamans, G. M. & Rehal, A. S. Electron metallography of the aluminium-water vapour reaction and its relevance to stress-corrosion susceptibility. J. Mater. Sci. 14, 2459–2470 (1979). (10.1007/BF00737037) / J. Mater. Sci. by GM Scamans (1979)
Sznajder, M. & Geppert, U. in Advances in Solar Sailing (ed. Macdonald, M.) 559–571 Ch. 35, (Springer, 2014). (10.1007/978-3-642-34907-2_35) / Advances in Solar Sailing by M Sznajder (2014)
Condon, J. B. & Schober, T. Hydrogen bubbles in metals. J. Nucl. Mater. 207, 1–24 (1993). (10.1016/0022-3115(93)90244-S) / J. Nucl. Mater. by JB Condon (1993)
Liu, Y. L. et al. Vacancy trapping mechanism for hydrogen bubble formation in metal. Phys. Rev. B 79, 172103 (2009). (10.1103/PhysRevB.79.172103) / Phys. Rev. B by YL Liu (2009)
Flower, H. M. Electron-irradiation induced aqueous corrosion of aluminum and magnesium. Radiat. Eff. Defects Solids 33, 173–179 (1977). (10.1080/00337577708233101) / Radiat. Eff. Defects Solids by HM Flower (1977)
Bond, G. M., Robertson, I. M. & Birnbaum, H. K. On the determination of the hydrogen fugacity in an environmental cell TEM facility. Scr. Metall. 20, 653–658 (1986). (10.1016/0036-9748(86)90484-9) / Scr. Metall. by GM Bond (1986)
Das, S. K. & Kaminsky, M. Radiation Effects on Solid Surfaces Vol. 158, Ch. 5, 112–170 (Advances in Chemistry, American Chemical Society, 1976). (10.1021/ba-1976-0158.ch005) / Radiation Effects on Solid Surfaces by SK Das (1976)
Tian, L., Li, J., Sun, J., Ma, E. & Shan, Z. W. Visualizing size-dependent deformation mechanism transition in Sn. Sci. Rep. 3, 2113 (2013). (10.1038/srep02113) / Sci. Rep. by L Tian (2013)
Sun, J. et al. Liquid-like pseudoelasticity of sub-10-nm crystalline silver particles. Nature Mater. 13, 1007–1012 (2014). (10.1038/nmat4105) / Nature Mater. by J Sun (2014)
Oriani, R. A. & Josephic, P. H. Equilibrium aspects of hydrogen-induced cracking of steels. Acta Metall. 22, 1065–1074 (1974). (10.1016/0001-6160(74)90061-3) / Acta Metall. by RA Oriani (1974)
Oriani, R. A. Hydrogen embrittlement of steels. Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci. 8, 327–357 (1978). (10.1146/annurev.ms.08.080178.001551) / Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci. by RA Oriani (1978)
Daw, M. S. & Baskes, M. I. Semiempirical, quantum mechanical calculation of hydrogen embrittlement in metals. Phys. Rev. Lett. 50, 1285–1288 (1983). (10.1103/PhysRevLett.50.1285) / Phys. Rev. Lett. by MS Daw (1983)
Mullins, W. W. Flattening of a nearly plane solid surface due to capillarity. J. Appl. Phys. 30, 77–83 (1959). (10.1063/1.1734979) / J. Appl. Phys. by WW Mullins (1959)
Keeffe, M. E., Umbach, C. C. & Blakely, J. M. Surface self-diffusion on Si from the evolution of periodic atomic step arrays. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 55, 965–973 (1994). (10.1016/0022-3697(94)90116-3) / J. Phys. Chem. Solids by ME Keeffe (1994)
Tu, K. N. Solder Joint Technology Vol. 117, Ch. 8, 211–243 (Springer Series in Materials Science, Springer, 2007). (10.1007/978-0-387-38892-2_8) / Solder Joint Technology by KN Tu (2007)
Shewmon, P. Diffusion in Solids Ch. 6, 189–222 (Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, 1989). / Diffusion in Solids by P Shewmon (1989)
Vitos, L., Ruban, A., Skriver, H. L. & Kollar, J. The surface energy of metals. Surf. Sci. 411, 186–202 (1998). (10.1016/S0039-6028(98)00363-X) / Surf. Sci. by L Vitos (1998)
Leyens, C., Fritscher, K., Gehrling, R., Peters, M. & Kaysser, W. A. Oxide scale formation on an MCrAlY coating in various H2–H2O atmospheres. Surf. Coat. Technol. 82, 133–144 (1996). (10.1016/0257-8972(95)02665-7) / Surf. Coat. Technol. by C Leyens (1996)

Dates

Type	When
Created	10 years, 2 months ago (June 29, 2015, 11:40 a.m.)
Deposited	3 years, 1 month ago (July 6, 2022, 3:14 p.m.)
Indexed	1 week ago (Aug. 28, 2025, 7:58 a.m.)
Issued	10 years, 2 months ago (June 29, 2015)
Published	10 years, 2 months ago (June 29, 2015)
Published Online	10 years, 2 months ago (June 29, 2015)
Published Print	10 years ago (Sept. 1, 2015)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Xie_2015, title={In situ study of the initiation of hydrogen bubbles at the aluminium metal/oxide interface}, volume={14}, ISSN={1476-4660}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nmat4336}, DOI={10.1038/nmat4336}, number={9}, journal={Nature Materials}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Xie, De-Gang and Wang, Zhang-Jie and Sun, Jun and Li, Ju and Ma, Evan and Shan, Zhi-Wei}, year={2015}, month=jun, pages={899–903} }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2025,
        8,
        28
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2025-08-28T11:58:49Z",
    "timestamp": 1756382329178
  },
  "reference-count": 29,
  "publisher": "Springer Science and Business Media LLC",
  "issue": "9",
  "license": [
    {
      "start": {
        "date-parts": [
          [
            2015,
            6,
            29
          ]
        ],
        "date-time": "2015-06-29T00:00:00Z",
        "timestamp": 1435536000000
      },
      "content-version": "tdm",
      "delay-in-days": 0,
      "URL": "https://www.springer.com/tdm"
    },
    {
      "start": {
        "date-parts": [
          [
            2015,
            6,
            29
          ]
        ],
        "date-time": "2015-06-29T00:00:00Z",
        "timestamp": 1435536000000
      },
      "content-version": "vor",
      "delay-in-days": 0,
      "URL": "https://www.springer.com/tdm"
    }
  ],
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [
      "link.springer.com"
    ],
    "crossmark-restriction": false
  },
  "published-print": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2015,
        9
      ]
    ]
  },
  "DOI": "10.1038/nmat4336",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2015,
        6,
        29
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2015-06-29T15:40:59Z",
    "timestamp": 1435592459000
  },
  "page": "899-903",
  "update-policy": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 155,
  "title": "In situ study of the initiation of hydrogen bubbles at the aluminium metal/oxide interface",
  "prefix": "10.1038",
  "volume": "14",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "De-Gang",
      "family": "Xie",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Zhang-Jie",
      "family": "Wang",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Jun",
      "family": "Sun",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Ju",
      "family": "Li",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Evan",
      "family": "Ma",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Zhi-Wei",
      "family": "Shan",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    }
  ],
  "member": "297",
  "published-online": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2015,
        6,
        29
      ]
    ]
  },
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "BFnmat4336_CR1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "2816",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.ijhydene.2007.01.009",
      "volume": "32",
      "author": "P Rozenak",
      "year": "2007",
      "unstructured": "Rozenak, P. Hemispherical bubbles growth on electrochemically charged aluminum with hydrogen. Int. J. Hydrog. Energy 32, 2816\u20132823 (2007).",
      "journal-title": "Int. J. Hydrog. Energy"
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnmat4336_CR2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "318",
      "DOI": "10.1002/sia.1197",
      "volume": "33",
      "author": "Y Liu",
      "year": "2002",
      "unstructured": "Liu, Y. et al. Detachment of alumina films from aluminium by 100 keV H+ ions. Surf. Interface Anal. 33, 318\u2013321 (2002).",
      "journal-title": "Surf. Interface Anal."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnmat4336_CR3",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "446",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.corsci.2009.01.008",
      "volume": "51",
      "author": "M Subanovic",
      "year": "2009",
      "unstructured": "Subanovic, M. et al. Blistering of MCrAlY-coatings in H2/H2O-atmospheres. Corros. Sci. 51, 446\u2013450 (2009).",
      "journal-title": "Corros. Sci."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnmat4336_CR4",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "3237",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1151-2916.1998.tb02761.x",
      "volume": "81",
      "author": "V Sergo",
      "year": "1998",
      "unstructured": "Sergo, V. & Clarke, D. R. Observation of subcritical spall propagation of a thermal barrier coating. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 81, 3237\u20133242 (1998).",
      "journal-title": "J. Am. Ceram. Soc."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnmat4336_CR5",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "775",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.pmatsci.2007.11.001",
      "volume": "53",
      "author": "SRJ Saunders",
      "year": "2008",
      "unstructured": "Saunders, S. R. J., Monteiro, M. & Rizzo, F. The oxidation behaviour of metals and alloys at high temperatures in atmospheres containing water vapour: A review. Prog. Mater. Sci. 53, 775\u2013837 (2008).",
      "journal-title": "Prog. Mater. Sci."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnmat4336_CR6",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "1577",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.surfcoat.2011.07.015",
      "volume": "206",
      "author": "JL Smialek",
      "year": "2011",
      "unstructured": "Smialek, J. L. Moisture-induced TBC spallation on turbine blade samples. Surf. Coat. Technol. 206, 1577\u20131585 (2011).",
      "journal-title": "Surf. Coat. Technol."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnmat4336_CR7",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "39",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.surfcoat.2012.07.099",
      "volume": "215",
      "author": "JA Haynes",
      "year": "2013",
      "unstructured": "Haynes, J. A., Unocic, K. A. & Pint, B. A. Effect of water vapor on the 1100 \u00b0C oxidation behavior of plasma-sprayed TBCs with HVOF NiCoCrAlX bond coatings. Surf. Coat. Technol. 215, 39\u201345 (2013).",
      "journal-title": "Surf. Coat. Technol."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnmat4336_CR8",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "1",
      "DOI": "10.1023/A:1004610626903",
      "volume": "54",
      "author": "G Hultquist",
      "year": "2000",
      "unstructured": "Hultquist, G., Tveten, B. & Hornlund, E. Hydrogen in chromium: Influence on the high-temperature oxidation kinetics in H2O, oxide-growth mechanisms, and scale adherence. Oxid. Met. 54, 1\u201310 (2000).",
      "journal-title": "Oxid. Met."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnmat4336_CR9",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "265",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0168-583X(02)01486-6",
      "volume": "197",
      "author": "P Bailey",
      "year": "2002",
      "unstructured": "Bailey, P. et al. Damage of alumina films by medium energy hydrogen and helium ions. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 197, 265\u2013270 (2002).",
      "journal-title": "Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B"
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnmat4336_CR10",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "887",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.10.137",
      "volume": "337",
      "author": "K Tokunaga",
      "year": "2005",
      "unstructured": "Tokunaga, K. et al. Blister formation and deuterium retention on tungsten exposed to low energy and high flux deuterium plasma. J. Nucl. Mater. 337, 887\u2013891 (2005).",
      "journal-title": "J. Nucl. Mater."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnmat4336_CR11",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "086001",
      "DOI": "10.1088/0029-5515/54/8/086001",
      "volume": "54",
      "author": "GH Lu",
      "year": "2014",
      "unstructured": "Lu, G. H., Zhou, H. B. & Becquart, C. S. A review of modelling and simulation of hydrogen behaviour in tungsten at different scales. Nucl. Fusion 54, 086001 (2014).",
      "journal-title": "Nucl. Fusion"
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnmat4336_CR12",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "2459",
      "DOI": "10.1007/BF00737037",
      "volume": "14",
      "author": "GM Scamans",
      "year": "1979",
      "unstructured": "Scamans, G. M. & Rehal, A. S. Electron metallography of the aluminium-water vapour reaction and its relevance to stress-corrosion susceptibility. J. Mater. Sci. 14, 2459\u20132470 (1979).",
      "journal-title": "J. Mater. Sci."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnmat4336_CR13",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "559",
      "DOI": "10.1007/978-3-642-34907-2_35",
      "volume-title": "Advances in Solar Sailing",
      "author": "M Sznajder",
      "year": "2014",
      "unstructured": "Sznajder, M. & Geppert, U. in Advances in Solar Sailing (ed. Macdonald, M.) 559\u2013571 Ch. 35, (Springer, 2014)."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnmat4336_CR14",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "1",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0022-3115(93)90244-S",
      "volume": "207",
      "author": "JB Condon",
      "year": "1993",
      "unstructured": "Condon, J. B. & Schober, T. Hydrogen bubbles in metals. J. Nucl. Mater. 207, 1\u201324 (1993).",
      "journal-title": "J. Nucl. Mater."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnmat4336_CR15",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "172103",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevB.79.172103",
      "volume": "79",
      "author": "YL Liu",
      "year": "2009",
      "unstructured": "Liu, Y. L. et al. Vacancy trapping mechanism for hydrogen bubble formation in metal. Phys. Rev. B 79, 172103 (2009).",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Rev. B"
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnmat4336_CR16",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "173",
      "DOI": "10.1080/00337577708233101",
      "volume": "33",
      "author": "HM Flower",
      "year": "1977",
      "unstructured": "Flower, H. M. Electron-irradiation induced aqueous corrosion of aluminum and magnesium. Radiat. Eff. Defects Solids 33, 173\u2013179 (1977).",
      "journal-title": "Radiat. Eff. Defects Solids"
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnmat4336_CR17",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "653",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0036-9748(86)90484-9",
      "volume": "20",
      "author": "GM Bond",
      "year": "1986",
      "unstructured": "Bond, G. M., Robertson, I. M. & Birnbaum, H. K. On the determination of the hydrogen fugacity in an environmental cell TEM facility. Scr. Metall. 20, 653\u2013658 (1986).",
      "journal-title": "Scr. Metall."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnmat4336_CR18",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "112",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ba-1976-0158.ch005",
      "volume-title": "Radiation Effects on Solid Surfaces",
      "author": "SK Das",
      "year": "1976",
      "unstructured": "Das, S. K. & Kaminsky, M. Radiation Effects on Solid Surfaces Vol. 158, Ch. 5, 112\u2013170 (Advances in Chemistry, American Chemical Society, 1976)."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnmat4336_CR19",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "2113",
      "DOI": "10.1038/srep02113",
      "volume": "3",
      "author": "L Tian",
      "year": "2013",
      "unstructured": "Tian, L., Li, J., Sun, J., Ma, E. & Shan, Z. W. Visualizing size-dependent deformation mechanism transition in Sn. Sci. Rep. 3, 2113 (2013).",
      "journal-title": "Sci. Rep."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnmat4336_CR20",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "1007",
      "DOI": "10.1038/nmat4105",
      "volume": "13",
      "author": "J Sun",
      "year": "2014",
      "unstructured": "Sun, J. et al. Liquid-like pseudoelasticity of sub-10-nm crystalline silver particles. Nature Mater. 13, 1007\u20131012 (2014).",
      "journal-title": "Nature Mater."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnmat4336_CR21",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "1065",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0001-6160(74)90061-3",
      "volume": "22",
      "author": "RA Oriani",
      "year": "1974",
      "unstructured": "Oriani, R. A. & Josephic, P. H. Equilibrium aspects of hydrogen-induced cracking of steels. Acta Metall. 22, 1065\u20131074 (1974).",
      "journal-title": "Acta Metall."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnmat4336_CR22",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "327",
      "DOI": "10.1146/annurev.ms.08.080178.001551",
      "volume": "8",
      "author": "RA Oriani",
      "year": "1978",
      "unstructured": "Oriani, R. A. Hydrogen embrittlement of steels. Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci. 8, 327\u2013357 (1978).",
      "journal-title": "Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnmat4336_CR23",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "1285",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.50.1285",
      "volume": "50",
      "author": "MS Daw",
      "year": "1983",
      "unstructured": "Daw, M. S. & Baskes, M. I. Semiempirical, quantum mechanical calculation of hydrogen embrittlement in metals. Phys. Rev. Lett. 50, 1285\u20131288 (1983).",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Rev. Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnmat4336_CR24",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "77",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.1734979",
      "volume": "30",
      "author": "WW Mullins",
      "year": "1959",
      "unstructured": "Mullins, W. W. Flattening of a nearly plane solid surface due to capillarity. J.\u00a0Appl. Phys. 30, 77\u201383 (1959).",
      "journal-title": "J.\u00a0Appl. Phys."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnmat4336_CR25",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "965",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0022-3697(94)90116-3",
      "volume": "55",
      "author": "ME Keeffe",
      "year": "1994",
      "unstructured": "Keeffe, M. E., Umbach, C. C. & Blakely, J. M. Surface self-diffusion on Si from the evolution of periodic atomic step arrays. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 55, 965\u2013973 (1994).",
      "journal-title": "J. Phys. Chem. Solids"
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnmat4336_CR26",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "211",
      "DOI": "10.1007/978-0-387-38892-2_8",
      "volume-title": "Solder Joint Technology",
      "author": "KN Tu",
      "year": "2007",
      "unstructured": "Tu, K. N. Solder Joint Technology Vol. 117, Ch. 8, 211\u2013243 (Springer Series in Materials Science, Springer, 2007)."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnmat4336_CR27",
      "first-page": "189",
      "volume-title": "Diffusion in Solids",
      "author": "P Shewmon",
      "year": "1989",
      "unstructured": "Shewmon, P. Diffusion in Solids Ch. 6, 189\u2013222 (Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, 1989)."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnmat4336_CR28",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "186",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0039-6028(98)00363-X",
      "volume": "411",
      "author": "L Vitos",
      "year": "1998",
      "unstructured": "Vitos, L., Ruban, A., Skriver, H. L. & Kollar, J. The surface energy of metals. Surf. Sci. 411, 186\u2013202 (1998).",
      "journal-title": "Surf. Sci."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnmat4336_CR29",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "133",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0257-8972(95)02665-7",
      "volume": "82",
      "author": "C Leyens",
      "year": "1996",
      "unstructured": "Leyens, C., Fritscher, K., Gehrling, R., Peters, M. & Kaysser, W. A. Oxide scale formation on an MCrAlY coating in various H2\u2013H2O atmospheres. Surf. Coat. Technol. 82, 133\u2013144 (1996).",
      "journal-title": "Surf. Coat. Technol."
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "Nature Materials",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "https://www.nature.com/articles/nmat4336.pdf",
      "content-type": "application/pdf",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "text-mining"
    },
    {
      "URL": "https://www.nature.com/articles/nmat4336",
      "content-type": "text/html",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "text-mining"
    },
    {
      "URL": "https://www.nature.com/articles/nmat4336.pdf",
      "content-type": "application/pdf",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "similarity-checking"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2022,
        7,
        6
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2022-07-06T19:14:22Z",
    "timestamp": 1657134862000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://www.nature.com/articles/nmat4336"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2015,
        6,
        29
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 29,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "9",
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2015,
          9
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "alternative-id": [
    "BFnmat4336"
  ],
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nmat4336",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "1476-1122",
    "1476-4660"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "container-title-short": "Nature Mater",
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2015,
        6,
        29
      ]
    ]
  },
  "assertion": [
    {
      "value": "5 February 2015",
      "order": 1,
      "name": "received",
      "label": "Received",
      "group": {
        "name": "ArticleHistory",
        "label": "Article History"
      }
    },
    {
      "value": "25 May 2015",
      "order": 2,
      "name": "accepted",
      "label": "Accepted",
      "group": {
        "name": "ArticleHistory",
        "label": "Article History"
      }
    },
    {
      "value": "29 June 2015",
      "order": 3,
      "name": "first_online",
      "label": "First Online",
      "group": {
        "name": "ArticleHistory",
        "label": "Article History"
      }
    },
    {
      "value": "The authors declare no competing financial interests.",
      "order": 1,
      "name": "Ethics",
      "group": {
        "name": "EthicsHeading",
        "label": "Competing interests"
      }
    }
  ]
}