DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13069. Spin–torque generator engineered by natural oxidation of Cu

Spin–torque generator engineered by natural oxidation of Cu

10.1038/ncomms13069

Crossref journal-article

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Nature Communications (297)

Abstract

AbstractThe spin Hall effect is a spin–orbit coupling phenomenon, which enables electric generation and detection of spin currents. This relativistic effect provides a way for realizing efficient spintronic devices based on electric manipulation of magnetization through spin torque. However, it has been believed that heavy metals are indispensable for the spin–torque generation. Here we show that the spin Hall effect in Cu, a light metal with weak spin–orbit coupling, is significantly enhanced through natural oxidation. We demonstrate that the spin–torque generation efficiency of a Cu/Ni81Fe19 bilayer is enhanced by over two orders of magnitude by tuning the surface oxidation, reaching the efficiency of Pt/ferromagnetic metal bilayers. This finding illustrates a crucial role of oxidation in the spin Hall effect, opening a route for engineering the spin–torque generator by oxygen control and manipulating magnetization without using heavy metals.

Bibliography

An, H., Kageyama, Y., Kanno, Y., Enishi, N., & Ando, K. (2016). Spinâtorque generator engineered by natural oxidation of Cu. Nature Communications, 7(1).

Authors 5

Hongyu An (first)
Yuito Kageyama (additional)
Yusuke Kanno (additional)
Nagisa Enishi (additional)
Kazuya Ando (additional)

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Dates

Type	When
Created	8 years, 10 months ago (Oct. 11, 2016, 5:17 a.m.)
Deposited	2 years, 7 months ago (Jan. 4, 2023, 4:57 a.m.)
Indexed	1 day, 3 hours ago (Aug. 29, 2025, 5:46 a.m.)
Issued	8 years, 10 months ago (Oct. 11, 2016)
Published	8 years, 10 months ago (Oct. 11, 2016)
Published Online	8 years, 10 months ago (Oct. 11, 2016)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{An_2016, title={Spin–torque generator engineered by natural oxidation of Cu}, volume={7}, ISSN={2041-1723}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms13069}, DOI={10.1038/ncomms13069}, number={1}, journal={Nature Communications}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={An, Hongyu and Kageyama, Yuito and Kanno, Yusuke and Enishi, Nagisa and Ando, Kazuya}, year={2016}, month=oct }

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  "abstract": "<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The spin Hall effect is a spin\u2013orbit coupling phenomenon, which enables electric generation and detection of spin currents. This relativistic effect provides a way for realizing efficient spintronic devices based on electric manipulation of magnetization through spin torque. However, it has been believed that heavy metals are indispensable for the spin\u2013torque generation. Here we show that the spin Hall effect in Cu, a light metal with weak spin\u2013orbit coupling, is significantly enhanced through natural oxidation. We demonstrate that the spin\u2013torque generation efficiency of a Cu/Ni<jats:sub>81</jats:sub>Fe<jats:sub>19</jats:sub> bilayer is enhanced by over two orders of magnitude by tuning the surface oxidation, reaching the efficiency of Pt/ferromagnetic metal bilayers. This finding illustrates a crucial role of oxidation in the spin Hall effect, opening a route for engineering the spin\u2013torque generator by oxygen control and manipulating magnetization without using heavy metals.</jats:p>",
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    "2041-1723"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "container-title-short": "Nat Commun",
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2016,
        10,
        11
      ]
    ]
  },
  "assertion": [
    {
      "value": "7 April 2016",
      "order": 1,
      "name": "received",
      "label": "Received",
      "group": {
        "name": "ArticleHistory",
        "label": "Article History"
      }
    },
    {
      "value": "31 August 2016",
      "order": 2,
      "name": "accepted",
      "label": "Accepted",
      "group": {
        "name": "ArticleHistory",
        "label": "Article History"
      }
    },
    {
      "value": "11 October 2016",
      "order": 3,
      "name": "first_online",
      "label": "First Online",
      "group": {
        "name": "ArticleHistory",
        "label": "Article History"
      }
    },
    {
      "value": "The authors declare no competing financial interests.",
      "order": 1,
      "name": "Ethics",
      "group": {
        "name": "EthicsHeading",
        "label": "Competing interests"
      }
    }
  ],
  "article-number": "13069"
}