DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.79. Novel targets for Huntington's disease in an mTOR-independent autophagy pathway

Novel targets for Huntington's disease in an mTOR-independent autophagy pathway

10.1038/nchembio.79

Crossref journal-article

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Nature Chemical Biology (297)

Bibliography

Williams, A., Sarkar, S., Cuddon, P., Ttofi, E. K., Saiki, S., Siddiqi, F. H., Jahreiss, L., Fleming, A., Pask, D., Goldsmith, P., OâKane, C. J., Floto, R. A., & Rubinsztein, D. C. (2008). Novel targets for Huntingtonâs disease in an mTOR-independent autophagy pathway. Nature Chemical Biology, 4(5), 295â305.

Authors 13

Andrea Williams (first)
Sovan Sarkar (additional)
Paul Cuddon (additional)
Evangelia K Ttofi (additional)
Shinji Saiki (additional)
Farah H Siddiqi (additional)
Luca Jahreiss (additional)
Angeleen Fleming (additional)
Dean Pask (additional)
Paul Goldsmith (additional)
Cahir J O'Kane (additional)
Rodrigo Andres Floto (additional)
David C Rubinsztein (additional)

References 50 Referenced 683

Rubinsztein, D.C., Gestwicki, J.E., Murphy, L.O. & Klionsky, D.J. Potential therapeutic applications of autophagy. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 6, 304–312 (2007). (10.1038/nrd2272) / Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. by DC Rubinsztein (2007)
Klionsky, D.J. & Emr, S.D. Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation. Science 290, 1717–1721 (2000). (10.1126/science.290.5497.1717) / Science by DJ Klionsky (2000)
Rubinsztein, D.C. Lessons from animal models of Huntington's disease. Trends Genet. 18, 202–209 (2002). (10.1016/S0168-9525(01)02625-7) / Trends Genet. by DC Rubinsztein (2002)
Gafni, J. & Ellerby, L.M. Calpain activation in Huntington's disease. J. Neurosci. 22, 4842–4849 (2002). (10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-12-04842.2002) / J. Neurosci. by J Gafni (2002)
Gafni, J. et al. Inhibition of calpain cleavage of huntingtin reduces toxicity: accumulation of calpain/caspase fragments in the nucleus. J. Biol. Chem. 279, 20211–20220 (2004). (10.1074/jbc.M401267200) / J. Biol. Chem. by J Gafni (2004)
Zeron, M.M. et al. Increased sensitivity to N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated excitotoxicity in a mouse model of Huntington's disease. Neuron 33, 849–860 (2002). (10.1016/S0896-6273(02)00615-3) / Neuron by MM Zeron (2002)
Tang, T.S. et al. Huntingtin and huntingtin-associated protein 1 influence neuronal calcium signaling mediated by inositol-(1,4,5) triphosphate receptor type 1. Neuron 39, 227–239 (2003). (10.1016/S0896-6273(03)00366-0) / Neuron by TS Tang (2003)
Ravikumar, B., Duden, R. & Rubinsztein, D.C. Aggregate-prone proteins with polyglutamine and polyalanine expansions are degraded by autophagy. Hum. Mol. Genet. 11, 1107–1117 (2002). (10.1093/hmg/11.9.1107) / Hum. Mol. Genet. by B Ravikumar (2002)
Ravikumar, B. et al. Inhibition of mTOR induces autophagy and reduces toxicity of polyglutamine expansions in fly and mouse models of Huntington disease. Nat. Genet. 36, 585–595 (2004). (10.1038/ng1362) / Nat. Genet. by B Ravikumar (2004)
Sarkar, S., Davies, J.E., Huang, Z., Tunnacliffe, A. & Rubinsztein, D.C. Trehalose, a novel mTOR-independent autophagy enhancer, accelerates the clearance of mutant huntingtin and alpha-synuclein. J. Biol. Chem. 282, 5641–5652 (2007). (10.1074/jbc.M609532200) / J. Biol. Chem. by S Sarkar (2007)
Sarkar, S. et al. Lithium induces autophagy by inhibiting inositol monophosphatase. J. Cell Biol. 170, 1101–1111 (2005). (10.1083/jcb.200504035) / J. Cell Biol. by S Sarkar (2005)
Sarkar, S. et al. Small molecules enhance autophagy and reduce toxicity in Huntington's disease models. Nat. Chem. Biol. 3, 331–338 (2007). (10.1038/nchembio883) / Nat. Chem. Biol. by S Sarkar (2007)
Shibata, M. et al. Regulation of intracellular accumulation of mutant Huntingtin by Beclin 1. J. Biol. Chem. 281, 14474–14485 (2006). (10.1074/jbc.M600364200) / J. Biol. Chem. by M Shibata (2006)
Webb, J.L., Ravikumar, B., Atkins, J., Skepper, J.N. & Rubinsztein, D.C. Alpha-Synuclein is degraded by both autophagy and the proteasome. J. Biol. Chem. 278, 25009–25013 (2003). (10.1074/jbc.M300227200) / J. Biol. Chem. by JL Webb (2003)
Berger, Z. et al. Rapamycin alleviates toxicity of different aggregate-prone proteins. Hum. Mol. Genet. 15, 433–442 (2006). (10.1093/hmg/ddi458) / Hum. Mol. Genet. by Z Berger (2006)
Gutierrez, M.G. et al. Autophagy is a defense mechanism inhibiting BCG and Mycobacterium tuberculosis survival in infected macrophages. Cell 119, 753–766 (2004). (10.1016/j.cell.2004.11.038) / Cell by MG Gutierrez (2004)
Nakagawa, I. et al. Autophagy defends cells against invading group A Streptococcus. Science 306, 1037–1040 (2004). (10.1126/science.1103966) / Science by I Nakagawa (2004)
Ogawa, M. et al. Escape of intracellular Shigella from autophagy. Science 307, 727–731 (2005). (10.1126/science.1106036) / Science by M Ogawa (2005)
Sarbassov, D.D., Ali, S.M. & Sabatini, D.M. Growing roles for the mTOR pathway. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 17, 596–603 (2005). (10.1016/j.ceb.2005.09.009) / Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. by DD Sarbassov (2005)
Cuervo, A.M., Stefanis, L., Fredenburg, R., Lansbury, P.T. & Sulzer, D. Impaired degradation of mutant alpha-synuclein by chaperone-mediated autophagy. Science 305, 1292–1295 (2004). (10.1126/science.1101738) / Science by AM Cuervo (2004)
Greenberg, D.A., Cooper, E.C. & Carpenter, C.L. Calcium channel 'agonist' BAY K 8644 inhibits calcium antagonist binding to brain and PC12 cell membranes. Brain Res. 305, 365–368 (1984). (10.1016/0006-8993(84)90444-X) / Brain Res. by DA Greenberg (1984)
Hockerman, G.H., Peterson, B.Z., Johnson, B.D. & Catterall, W.A. Molecular determinants of drug binding and action on L-type calcium channels. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 37, 361–396 (1997). (10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.37.1.361) / Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. by GH Hockerman (1997)
Mizushima, N. Methods for monitoring autophagy. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 36, 2491–2502 (2004). (10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.005) / Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. by N Mizushima (2004)
Kabeya, Y. et al. LC3, a mammalian homologue of yeast Apg8p, is localized in autophagosome membranes after processing. EMBO J. 19, 5720–5728 (2000). (10.1093/emboj/19.21.5720) / EMBO J. by Y Kabeya (2000)
Osborne, N.N. Inhibition of cAMP production by alpha 2-adrenoceptor stimulation in rabbit retina. Brain Res. 553, 84–88 (1991). (10.1016/0006-8993(91)90233-L) / Brain Res. by NN Osborne (1991)
Felsen, D. et al. Identification, localization and functional analysis of imidazoline and alpha adrenergic receptors in canine prostate. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 268, 1063–1071 (1994). / J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. by D Felsen (1994)
Greney, H. et al. Coupling of I(1) imidazoline receptors to the cAMP pathway: studies with a highly selective ligand, benazoline. Mol. Pharmacol. 57, 1142–1151 (2000). / Mol. Pharmacol. by H Greney (2000)
Kopperud, R., Krakstad, C., Selheim, F. & Doskeland, S.O. cAMP effector mechanisms. Novel twists for an 'old' signaling system. FEBS Lett. 546, 121–126 (2003). (10.1016/S0014-5793(03)00563-5) / FEBS Lett. by R Kopperud (2003)
Kelley, G.G., Reks, S.E., Ondrako, J.M. & Smrcka, A.V. Phospholipase C(epsilon): a novel Ras effector. EMBO J. 20, 743–754 (2001). (10.1093/emboj/20.4.743) / EMBO J. by GG Kelley (2001)
Enserink, J.M. et al. A novel Epac-specific cAMP analogue demonstrates independent regulation of Rap1 and ERK. Nat. Cell Biol. 4, 901–906 (2002). (10.1038/ncb874) / Nat. Cell Biol. by JM Enserink (2002)
Shi, G.X., Rehmann, H. & Andres, D.A. A novel cyclic AMP-dependent Epac-Rit signaling pathway contributes to PACAP38-mediated neuronal differentiation. Mol. Cell. Biol. 26, 9136–9147 (2006). (10.1128/MCB.00332-06) / Mol. Cell. Biol. by GX Shi (2006)
Ster, J. et al. Exchange protein activated by cAMP (Epac) mediates cAMP activation of p38 MAPK and modulation of Ca2+-dependent K+ channels in cerebellar neurons. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104, 2519–2524 (2007). (10.1073/pnas.0611031104) / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA by J Ster (2007)
Qiao, J., Mei, F.C., Popov, V.L., Vergara, L.A. & Cheng, X. Cell cycle-dependent subcellular localization of exchange factor directly activated by cAMP. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 26581–26586 (2002). (10.1074/jbc.M203571200) / J. Biol. Chem. by J Qiao (2002)
vom Dorp, F. et al. Inhibition of phospholipase C-epsilon by Gi-coupled receptors. Cell. Signal. 16, 921–928 (2004). (10.1016/j.cellsig.2004.01.009) / Cell. Signal. by F vom Dorp (2004)
Criollo, A. et al. Regulation of autophagy by the inositol trisphosphate receptor. Cell Death Differ. 14, 1029–1039 (2007). (10.1038/sj.cdd.4402099) / Cell Death Differ. by A Criollo (2007)
Schell, M.J., Erneux, C. & Irvine, R.F. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase A associates with F-actin and dendritic spines via its N terminus. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 37537–37546 (2001). (10.1074/jbc.M104101200) / J. Biol. Chem. by MJ Schell (2001)
Goll, D.E., Thompson, V.F., Li, H., Wei, W. & Cong, J. The calpain system. Physiol. Rev. 83, 731–801 (2003). (10.1152/physrev.00029.2002) / Physiol. Rev. by DE Goll (2003)
Hayashi, S., Horie, M. & Okada, Y. Ionic mechanism of minoxidil sulfate-induced shortening of action potential durations in guinea pig ventricular myocytes. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 265, 1527–1533 (1993). / J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. by S Hayashi (1993)
Yamamoto, A. et al. Bafilomycin A1 prevents maturation of autophagic vacuoles by inhibiting fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes in rat hepatoma cell line, H-4-II-E cells. Cell Struct. Funct. 23, 33–42 (1998). (10.1247/csf.23.33) / Cell Struct. Funct. by A Yamamoto (1998)
Ravikumar, B. et al. Dynein mutations impair autophagic clearance of aggregate-prone proteins. Nat. Genet. 37, 771–776 (2005). (10.1038/ng1591) / Nat. Genet. by B Ravikumar (2005)
Gordon, P.B., Holen, I., Fosse, M., Rotnes, J.S. & Seglen, P.O. Dependence of hepatocytic autophagy on intracellularly sequestered calcium. J. Biol. Chem. 268, 26107–26112 (1993). (10.1016/S0021-9258(19)74287-2) / J. Biol. Chem. by PB Gordon (1993)
Sato-Kusubata, K., Yajima, Y. & Kawashima, S. Persistent activation of Gsalpha through limited proteolysis by calpain. Biochem. J. 347, 733–740 (2000). (10.1042/bj3470733) / Biochem. J. by K Sato-Kusubata (2000)
Yousefi, S. et al. Calpain-mediated cleavage of Atg5 switches autophagy to apoptosis. Nat. Cell Biol. 8, 1124–1132 (2006). (10.1038/ncb1482) / Nat. Cell Biol. by S Yousefi (2006)
Jackson, G.R. et al. Polyglutamine-expanded human huntingtin transgenes induce degeneration of Drosophila photoreceptor neurons. Neuron 21, 633–642 (1998). (10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80573-5) / Neuron by GR Jackson (1998)
Steffan, J.S. et al. Histone deacetylase inhibitors arrest polyglutamine-dependent neurodegeneration in Drosophila. Nature 413, 739–743 (2001). (10.1038/35099568) / Nature by JS Steffan (2001)
Butler, R. & Bates, G.P. Histone deacetylase inhibitors as therapeutics for polyglutamine disorders. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 7, 784–796 (2006). (10.1038/nrn1989) / Nat. Rev. Neurosci. by R Butler (2006)
Hucho, T.B., Dina, O.A. & Levine, J.D. Epac mediates a cAMP-to-PKC signaling in inflammatory pain: an isolectin B4(+) neuron-specific mechanism. J. Neurosci. 25, 6119–6126 (2005). (10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0285-05.2005) / J. Neurosci. by TB Hucho (2005)
Budovskaya, Y.V., Stephan, J.S., Reggiori, F., Klionsky, D.J. & Herman, P.K. The Ras/cAMP-dependent protein kinase signaling pathway regulates an early step of the autophagy process in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Biol. Chem. 279, 20663–20671 (2004). (10.1074/jbc.M400272200) / J. Biol. Chem. by YV Budovskaya (2004)
Holen, I., Gordon, P.B., Stromhaug, P.E. & Seglen, P.O. Role of cAMP in the regulation of hepatocytic autophagy. Eur. J. Biochem. 236, 163–170 (1996). (10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.00163.x) / Eur. J. Biochem. by I Holen (1996)
Orrenius, S., Zhivotovsky, B. & Nicotera, P. Regulation of cell death: the calcium-apoptosis link. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 4, 552–565 (2003). (10.1038/nrm1150) / Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. by S Orrenius (2003)

Dates

Type	When
Created	17 years, 4 months ago (April 6, 2008, 1:55 p.m.)
Deposited	2 years, 3 months ago (May 18, 2023, 3:52 p.m.)
Indexed	6 days, 4 hours ago (Aug. 26, 2025, 3:14 a.m.)
Issued	17 years, 5 months ago (March 23, 2008)
Published	17 years, 5 months ago (March 23, 2008)
Published Online	17 years, 5 months ago (March 23, 2008)
Published Print	17 years, 4 months ago (May 1, 2008)

Funders 0

None

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2025,
        8,
        26
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2025-08-26T07:14:23Z",
    "timestamp": 1756192463632,
    "version": "3.34.0"
  },
  "reference-count": 50,
  "publisher": "Springer Science and Business Media LLC",
  "issue": "5",
  "license": [
    {
      "start": {
        "date-parts": [
          [
            2008,
            3,
            23
          ]
        ],
        "date-time": "2008-03-23T00:00:00Z",
        "timestamp": 1206230400000
      },
      "content-version": "tdm",
      "delay-in-days": 0,
      "URL": "http://www.springer.com/tdm"
    }
  ],
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [],
    "crossmark-restriction": false
  },
  "published-print": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2008,
        5
      ]
    ]
  },
  "DOI": "10.1038/nchembio.79",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2008,
        4,
        6
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2008-04-06T17:55:03Z",
    "timestamp": 1207504503000
  },
  "page": "295-305",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 683,
  "title": "Novel targets for Huntington's disease in an mTOR-independent autophagy pathway",
  "prefix": "10.1038",
  "volume": "4",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "Andrea",
      "family": "Williams",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Sovan",
      "family": "Sarkar",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Paul",
      "family": "Cuddon",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Evangelia K",
      "family": "Ttofi",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Shinji",
      "family": "Saiki",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Farah H",
      "family": "Siddiqi",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Luca",
      "family": "Jahreiss",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Angeleen",
      "family": "Fleming",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Dean",
      "family": "Pask",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Paul",
      "family": "Goldsmith",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Cahir J",
      "family": "O'Kane",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Rodrigo Andres",
      "family": "Floto",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "David C",
      "family": "Rubinsztein",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    }
  ],
  "member": "297",
  "published-online": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2008,
        3,
        23
      ]
    ]
  },
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "BFnchembio79_CR1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "304",
      "DOI": "10.1038/nrd2272",
      "volume": "6",
      "author": "DC Rubinsztein",
      "year": "2007",
      "unstructured": "Rubinsztein, D.C., Gestwicki, J.E., Murphy, L.O. & Klionsky, D.J. Potential therapeutic applications of autophagy. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 6, 304\u2013312 (2007).",
      "journal-title": "Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnchembio79_CR2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "1717",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.290.5497.1717",
      "volume": "290",
      "author": "DJ Klionsky",
      "year": "2000",
      "unstructured": "Klionsky, D.J. & Emr, S.D. Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation. Science 290, 1717\u20131721 (2000).",
      "journal-title": "Science"
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnchembio79_CR3",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "202",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0168-9525(01)02625-7",
      "volume": "18",
      "author": "DC Rubinsztein",
      "year": "2002",
      "unstructured": "Rubinsztein, D.C. Lessons from animal models of Huntington's disease. Trends Genet. 18, 202\u2013209 (2002).",
      "journal-title": "Trends Genet."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnchembio79_CR4",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "4842",
      "DOI": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-12-04842.2002",
      "volume": "22",
      "author": "J Gafni",
      "year": "2002",
      "unstructured": "Gafni, J. & Ellerby, L.M. Calpain activation in Huntington's disease. J. Neurosci. 22, 4842\u20134849 (2002).",
      "journal-title": "J. Neurosci."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnchembio79_CR5",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "20211",
      "DOI": "10.1074/jbc.M401267200",
      "volume": "279",
      "author": "J Gafni",
      "year": "2004",
      "unstructured": "Gafni, J. et al. Inhibition of calpain cleavage of huntingtin reduces toxicity: accumulation of calpain/caspase fragments in the nucleus. J. Biol. Chem. 279, 20211\u201320220 (2004).",
      "journal-title": "J. Biol. Chem."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnchembio79_CR6",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "849",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0896-6273(02)00615-3",
      "volume": "33",
      "author": "MM Zeron",
      "year": "2002",
      "unstructured": "Zeron, M.M. et al. Increased sensitivity to N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated excitotoxicity in a mouse model of Huntington's disease. Neuron 33, 849\u2013860 (2002).",
      "journal-title": "Neuron"
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnchembio79_CR7",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "227",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0896-6273(03)00366-0",
      "volume": "39",
      "author": "TS Tang",
      "year": "2003",
      "unstructured": "Tang, T.S. et al. Huntingtin and huntingtin-associated protein 1 influence neuronal calcium signaling mediated by inositol-(1,4,5) triphosphate receptor type 1. Neuron 39, 227\u2013239 (2003).",
      "journal-title": "Neuron"
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnchembio79_CR8",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "1107",
      "DOI": "10.1093/hmg/11.9.1107",
      "volume": "11",
      "author": "B Ravikumar",
      "year": "2002",
      "unstructured": "Ravikumar, B., Duden, R. & Rubinsztein, D.C. Aggregate-prone proteins with polyglutamine and polyalanine expansions are degraded by autophagy. Hum. Mol. Genet. 11, 1107\u20131117 (2002).",
      "journal-title": "Hum. Mol. Genet."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnchembio79_CR9",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "585",
      "DOI": "10.1038/ng1362",
      "volume": "36",
      "author": "B Ravikumar",
      "year": "2004",
      "unstructured": "Ravikumar, B. et al. Inhibition of mTOR induces autophagy and reduces toxicity of polyglutamine expansions in fly and mouse models of Huntington disease. Nat. Genet. 36, 585\u2013595 (2004).",
      "journal-title": "Nat. Genet."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnchembio79_CR10",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "5641",
      "DOI": "10.1074/jbc.M609532200",
      "volume": "282",
      "author": "S Sarkar",
      "year": "2007",
      "unstructured": "Sarkar, S., Davies, J.E., Huang, Z., Tunnacliffe, A. & Rubinsztein, D.C. Trehalose, a novel mTOR-independent autophagy enhancer, accelerates the clearance of mutant huntingtin and alpha-synuclein. J. Biol. Chem. 282, 5641\u20135652 (2007).",
      "journal-title": "J. Biol. Chem."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnchembio79_CR11",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "1101",
      "DOI": "10.1083/jcb.200504035",
      "volume": "170",
      "author": "S Sarkar",
      "year": "2005",
      "unstructured": "Sarkar, S. et al. Lithium induces autophagy by inhibiting inositol monophosphatase. J. Cell Biol. 170, 1101\u20131111 (2005).",
      "journal-title": "J. Cell Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnchembio79_CR12",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "331",
      "DOI": "10.1038/nchembio883",
      "volume": "3",
      "author": "S Sarkar",
      "year": "2007",
      "unstructured": "Sarkar, S. et al. Small molecules enhance autophagy and reduce toxicity in Huntington's disease models. Nat. Chem. Biol. 3, 331\u2013338 (2007).",
      "journal-title": "Nat. Chem. Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnchembio79_CR13",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "14474",
      "DOI": "10.1074/jbc.M600364200",
      "volume": "281",
      "author": "M Shibata",
      "year": "2006",
      "unstructured": "Shibata, M. et al. Regulation of intracellular accumulation of mutant Huntingtin by Beclin 1. J. Biol. Chem. 281, 14474\u201314485 (2006).",
      "journal-title": "J. Biol. Chem."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnchembio79_CR14",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "25009",
      "DOI": "10.1074/jbc.M300227200",
      "volume": "278",
      "author": "JL Webb",
      "year": "2003",
      "unstructured": "Webb, J.L., Ravikumar, B., Atkins, J., Skepper, J.N. & Rubinsztein, D.C. Alpha-Synuclein is degraded by both autophagy and the proteasome. J. Biol. Chem. 278, 25009\u201325013 (2003).",
      "journal-title": "J. Biol. Chem."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnchembio79_CR15",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "433",
      "DOI": "10.1093/hmg/ddi458",
      "volume": "15",
      "author": "Z Berger",
      "year": "2006",
      "unstructured": "Berger, Z. et al. Rapamycin alleviates toxicity of different aggregate-prone proteins. Hum. Mol. Genet. 15, 433\u2013442 (2006).",
      "journal-title": "Hum. Mol. Genet."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnchembio79_CR16",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "753",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.cell.2004.11.038",
      "volume": "119",
      "author": "MG Gutierrez",
      "year": "2004",
      "unstructured": "Gutierrez, M.G. et al. Autophagy is a defense mechanism inhibiting BCG and Mycobacterium tuberculosis survival in infected macrophages. Cell 119, 753\u2013766 (2004).",
      "journal-title": "Cell"
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnchembio79_CR17",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "1037",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.1103966",
      "volume": "306",
      "author": "I Nakagawa",
      "year": "2004",
      "unstructured": "Nakagawa, I. et al. Autophagy defends cells against invading group A Streptococcus. Science 306, 1037\u20131040 (2004).",
      "journal-title": "Science"
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnchembio79_CR18",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "727",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.1106036",
      "volume": "307",
      "author": "M Ogawa",
      "year": "2005",
      "unstructured": "Ogawa, M. et al. Escape of intracellular Shigella from autophagy. Science 307, 727\u2013731 (2005).",
      "journal-title": "Science"
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnchembio79_CR19",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "596",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.ceb.2005.09.009",
      "volume": "17",
      "author": "DD Sarbassov",
      "year": "2005",
      "unstructured": "Sarbassov, D.D., Ali, S.M. & Sabatini, D.M. Growing roles for the mTOR pathway. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 17, 596\u2013603 (2005).",
      "journal-title": "Curr. Opin. Cell Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnchembio79_CR20",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "1292",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.1101738",
      "volume": "305",
      "author": "AM Cuervo",
      "year": "2004",
      "unstructured": "Cuervo, A.M., Stefanis, L., Fredenburg, R., Lansbury, P.T. & Sulzer, D. Impaired degradation of mutant alpha-synuclein by chaperone-mediated autophagy. Science 305, 1292\u20131295 (2004).",
      "journal-title": "Science"
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnchembio79_CR21",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "365",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0006-8993(84)90444-X",
      "volume": "305",
      "author": "DA Greenberg",
      "year": "1984",
      "unstructured": "Greenberg, D.A., Cooper, E.C. & Carpenter, C.L. Calcium channel 'agonist' BAY K 8644 inhibits calcium antagonist binding to brain and PC12 cell membranes. Brain Res. 305, 365\u2013368 (1984).",
      "journal-title": "Brain Res."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnchembio79_CR22",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "361",
      "DOI": "10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.37.1.361",
      "volume": "37",
      "author": "GH Hockerman",
      "year": "1997",
      "unstructured": "Hockerman, G.H., Peterson, B.Z., Johnson, B.D. & Catterall, W.A. Molecular determinants of drug binding and action on L-type calcium channels. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 37, 361\u2013396 (1997).",
      "journal-title": "Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnchembio79_CR23",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "2491",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.005",
      "volume": "36",
      "author": "N Mizushima",
      "year": "2004",
      "unstructured": "Mizushima, N. Methods for monitoring autophagy. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 36, 2491\u20132502 (2004).",
      "journal-title": "Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnchembio79_CR24",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "5720",
      "DOI": "10.1093/emboj/19.21.5720",
      "volume": "19",
      "author": "Y Kabeya",
      "year": "2000",
      "unstructured": "Kabeya, Y. et al. LC3, a mammalian homologue of yeast Apg8p, is localized in autophagosome membranes after processing. EMBO J. 19, 5720\u20135728 (2000).",
      "journal-title": "EMBO J."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnchembio79_CR25",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "84",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0006-8993(91)90233-L",
      "volume": "553",
      "author": "NN Osborne",
      "year": "1991",
      "unstructured": "Osborne, N.N. Inhibition of cAMP production by alpha 2-adrenoceptor stimulation in rabbit retina. Brain Res. 553, 84\u201388 (1991).",
      "journal-title": "Brain Res."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnchembio79_CR26",
      "first-page": "1063",
      "volume": "268",
      "author": "D Felsen",
      "year": "1994",
      "unstructured": "Felsen, D. et al. Identification, localization and functional analysis of imidazoline and alpha adrenergic receptors in canine prostate. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 268, 1063\u20131071 (1994).",
      "journal-title": "J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnchembio79_CR27",
      "first-page": "1142",
      "volume": "57",
      "author": "H Greney",
      "year": "2000",
      "unstructured": "Greney, H. et al. Coupling of I(1) imidazoline receptors to the cAMP pathway: studies with a highly selective ligand, benazoline. Mol. Pharmacol. 57, 1142\u20131151 (2000).",
      "journal-title": "Mol. Pharmacol."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnchembio79_CR28",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "121",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0014-5793(03)00563-5",
      "volume": "546",
      "author": "R Kopperud",
      "year": "2003",
      "unstructured": "Kopperud, R., Krakstad, C., Selheim, F. & Doskeland, S.O. cAMP effector mechanisms. Novel twists for an 'old' signaling system. FEBS Lett. 546, 121\u2013126 (2003).",
      "journal-title": "FEBS Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnchembio79_CR29",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "743",
      "DOI": "10.1093/emboj/20.4.743",
      "volume": "20",
      "author": "GG Kelley",
      "year": "2001",
      "unstructured": "Kelley, G.G., Reks, S.E., Ondrako, J.M. & Smrcka, A.V. Phospholipase C(epsilon): a novel Ras effector. EMBO J. 20, 743\u2013754 (2001).",
      "journal-title": "EMBO J."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnchembio79_CR30",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "901",
      "DOI": "10.1038/ncb874",
      "volume": "4",
      "author": "JM Enserink",
      "year": "2002",
      "unstructured": "Enserink, J.M. et al. A novel Epac-specific cAMP analogue demonstrates independent regulation of Rap1 and ERK. Nat. Cell Biol. 4, 901\u2013906 (2002).",
      "journal-title": "Nat. Cell Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnchembio79_CR31",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "9136",
      "DOI": "10.1128/MCB.00332-06",
      "volume": "26",
      "author": "GX Shi",
      "year": "2006",
      "unstructured": "Shi, G.X., Rehmann, H. & Andres, D.A. A novel cyclic AMP-dependent Epac-Rit signaling pathway contributes to PACAP38-mediated neuronal differentiation. Mol. Cell. Biol. 26, 9136\u20139147 (2006).",
      "journal-title": "Mol. Cell. Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnchembio79_CR32",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "2519",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.0611031104",
      "volume": "104",
      "author": "J Ster",
      "year": "2007",
      "unstructured": "Ster, J. et al. Exchange protein activated by cAMP (Epac) mediates cAMP activation of p38 MAPK and modulation of Ca2+-dependent K+ channels in cerebellar neurons. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104, 2519\u20132524 (2007).",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnchembio79_CR33",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "26581",
      "DOI": "10.1074/jbc.M203571200",
      "volume": "277",
      "author": "J Qiao",
      "year": "2002",
      "unstructured": "Qiao, J., Mei, F.C., Popov, V.L., Vergara, L.A. & Cheng, X. Cell cycle-dependent subcellular localization of exchange factor directly activated by cAMP. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 26581\u201326586 (2002).",
      "journal-title": "J. Biol. Chem."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnchembio79_CR34",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "921",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.cellsig.2004.01.009",
      "volume": "16",
      "author": "F vom Dorp",
      "year": "2004",
      "unstructured": "vom Dorp, F. et al. Inhibition of phospholipase C-epsilon by Gi-coupled receptors. Cell. Signal. 16, 921\u2013928 (2004).",
      "journal-title": "Cell. Signal."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnchembio79_CR35",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "1029",
      "DOI": "10.1038/sj.cdd.4402099",
      "volume": "14",
      "author": "A Criollo",
      "year": "2007",
      "unstructured": "Criollo, A. et al. Regulation of autophagy by the inositol trisphosphate receptor. Cell Death Differ. 14, 1029\u20131039 (2007).",
      "journal-title": "Cell Death Differ."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnchembio79_CR36",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "37537",
      "DOI": "10.1074/jbc.M104101200",
      "volume": "276",
      "author": "MJ Schell",
      "year": "2001",
      "unstructured": "Schell, M.J., Erneux, C. & Irvine, R.F. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase A associates with F-actin and dendritic spines via its N terminus. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 37537\u201337546 (2001).",
      "journal-title": "J. Biol. Chem."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnchembio79_CR37",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "731",
      "DOI": "10.1152/physrev.00029.2002",
      "volume": "83",
      "author": "DE Goll",
      "year": "2003",
      "unstructured": "Goll, D.E., Thompson, V.F., Li, H., Wei, W. & Cong, J. The calpain system. Physiol. Rev. 83, 731\u2013801 (2003).",
      "journal-title": "Physiol. Rev."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnchembio79_CR38",
      "first-page": "1527",
      "volume": "265",
      "author": "S Hayashi",
      "year": "1993",
      "unstructured": "Hayashi, S., Horie, M. & Okada, Y. Ionic mechanism of minoxidil sulfate-induced shortening of action potential durations in guinea pig ventricular myocytes. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 265, 1527\u20131533 (1993).",
      "journal-title": "J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnchembio79_CR39",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "33",
      "DOI": "10.1247/csf.23.33",
      "volume": "23",
      "author": "A Yamamoto",
      "year": "1998",
      "unstructured": "Yamamoto, A. et al. Bafilomycin A1 prevents maturation of autophagic vacuoles by inhibiting fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes in rat hepatoma cell line, H-4-II-E cells. Cell Struct. Funct. 23, 33\u201342 (1998).",
      "journal-title": "Cell Struct. Funct."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnchembio79_CR40",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "771",
      "DOI": "10.1038/ng1591",
      "volume": "37",
      "author": "B Ravikumar",
      "year": "2005",
      "unstructured": "Ravikumar, B. et al. Dynein mutations impair autophagic clearance of aggregate-prone proteins. Nat. Genet. 37, 771\u2013776 (2005).",
      "journal-title": "Nat. Genet."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnchembio79_CR41",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "26107",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0021-9258(19)74287-2",
      "volume": "268",
      "author": "PB Gordon",
      "year": "1993",
      "unstructured": "Gordon, P.B., Holen, I., Fosse, M., Rotnes, J.S. & Seglen, P.O. Dependence of hepatocytic autophagy on intracellularly sequestered calcium. J. Biol. Chem. 268, 26107\u201326112 (1993).",
      "journal-title": "J. Biol. Chem."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnchembio79_CR42",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "733",
      "DOI": "10.1042/bj3470733",
      "volume": "347",
      "author": "K Sato-Kusubata",
      "year": "2000",
      "unstructured": "Sato-Kusubata, K., Yajima, Y. & Kawashima, S. Persistent activation of Gsalpha through limited proteolysis by calpain. Biochem. J. 347, 733\u2013740 (2000).",
      "journal-title": "Biochem. J."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnchembio79_CR43",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "1124",
      "DOI": "10.1038/ncb1482",
      "volume": "8",
      "author": "S Yousefi",
      "year": "2006",
      "unstructured": "Yousefi, S. et al. Calpain-mediated cleavage of Atg5 switches autophagy to apoptosis. Nat. Cell Biol. 8, 1124\u20131132 (2006).",
      "journal-title": "Nat. Cell Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnchembio79_CR44",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "633",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80573-5",
      "volume": "21",
      "author": "GR Jackson",
      "year": "1998",
      "unstructured": "Jackson, G.R. et al. Polyglutamine-expanded human huntingtin transgenes induce degeneration of Drosophila photoreceptor neurons. Neuron 21, 633\u2013642 (1998).",
      "journal-title": "Neuron"
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnchembio79_CR45",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "739",
      "DOI": "10.1038/35099568",
      "volume": "413",
      "author": "JS Steffan",
      "year": "2001",
      "unstructured": "Steffan, J.S. et al. Histone deacetylase inhibitors arrest polyglutamine-dependent neurodegeneration in Drosophila. Nature 413, 739\u2013743 (2001).",
      "journal-title": "Nature"
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnchembio79_CR46",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "784",
      "DOI": "10.1038/nrn1989",
      "volume": "7",
      "author": "R Butler",
      "year": "2006",
      "unstructured": "Butler, R. & Bates, G.P. Histone deacetylase inhibitors as therapeutics for polyglutamine disorders. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 7, 784\u2013796 (2006).",
      "journal-title": "Nat. Rev. Neurosci."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnchembio79_CR47",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "6119",
      "DOI": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0285-05.2005",
      "volume": "25",
      "author": "TB Hucho",
      "year": "2005",
      "unstructured": "Hucho, T.B., Dina, O.A. & Levine, J.D. Epac mediates a cAMP-to-PKC signaling in inflammatory pain: an isolectin B4(+) neuron-specific mechanism. J. Neurosci. 25, 6119\u20136126 (2005).",
      "journal-title": "J. Neurosci."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnchembio79_CR48",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "20663",
      "DOI": "10.1074/jbc.M400272200",
      "volume": "279",
      "author": "YV Budovskaya",
      "year": "2004",
      "unstructured": "Budovskaya, Y.V., Stephan, J.S., Reggiori, F., Klionsky, D.J. & Herman, P.K. The Ras/cAMP-dependent protein kinase signaling pathway regulates an early step of the autophagy process in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Biol. Chem. 279, 20663\u201320671 (2004).",
      "journal-title": "J. Biol. Chem."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnchembio79_CR49",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "163",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.00163.x",
      "volume": "236",
      "author": "I Holen",
      "year": "1996",
      "unstructured": "Holen, I., Gordon, P.B., Stromhaug, P.E. & Seglen, P.O. Role of cAMP in the regulation of hepatocytic autophagy. Eur. J. Biochem. 236, 163\u2013170 (1996).",
      "journal-title": "Eur. J. Biochem."
    },
    {
      "key": "BFnchembio79_CR50",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "552",
      "DOI": "10.1038/nrm1150",
      "volume": "4",
      "author": "S Orrenius",
      "year": "2003",
      "unstructured": "Orrenius, S., Zhivotovsky, B. & Nicotera, P. Regulation of cell death: the calcium-apoptosis link. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 4, 552\u2013565 (2003).",
      "journal-title": "Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "Nature Chemical Biology",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "http://www.nature.com/articles/nchembio.79.pdf",
      "content-type": "application/pdf",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "text-mining"
    },
    {
      "URL": "http://www.nature.com/articles/nchembio.79",
      "content-type": "text/html",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "text-mining"
    },
    {
      "URL": "http://www.nature.com/articles/nchembio.79.pdf",
      "content-type": "application/pdf",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "similarity-checking"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2023,
        5,
        18
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2023-05-18T19:52:09Z",
    "timestamp": 1684439529000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://www.nature.com/articles/nchembio.79"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2008,
        3,
        23
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 50,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "5",
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2008,
          5
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "alternative-id": [
    "BFnchembio79"
  ],
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nchembio.79",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "1552-4450",
    "1552-4469"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "container-title-short": "Nat Chem Biol",
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2008,
        3,
        23
      ]
    ]
  }
}