DOI: 10.1038/381607a0. Emergence of simple-cell receptive field properties by learning a sparse code for natural images

Emergence of simple-cell receptive field properties by learning a sparse code for natural images

10.1038/381607a0

Crossref journal-article

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Nature (297)

Bibliography

Olshausen, B. A., & Field, D. J. (1996). Emergence of simple-cell receptive field properties by learning a sparse code for natural images. Nature, 381(6583), 607â609.

Authors 2

Bruno A. Olshausen (first)
David J. Field (additional)

References 30 Referenced 4,133

Hubel, D. H. & Wiesel, T. N. J. Physiol., Lond. 195, 215–244 (1968). (10.1113/jphysiol.1968.sp008455) / J. Physiol., Lond. by DH Hubel (1968)
De Valois, R. L., Albrecht, D. G. & Thorell, L. G. Vision Res. 22, 545–559 (1982). (10.1016/0042-6989(82)90113-4) / Vision Res. by RL De Valois (1982)
Jones, J. P. & Palmer, L. A. J. Neurophysiol. 58, 1233–1258 (1987). (10.1152/jn.1987.58.6.1233) / J. Neurophysiol. by JP Jones (1987)
Parker, A. J. & Hawken, M. J. J. opt. Soc. Am. A 5, 598–605 (1988). (10.1364/JOSAA.5.000598) / J. opt. Soc. Am. by AJ Parker (1988)
Daugman, J. G. Computational Neuroscience (ed. Schwartz, E.) 403–423 (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1990). / Computational Neuroscience by JG Daugman (1990)
Field, D. J. in Wavelets, Fractals, and Fourier Transforms (eds Farge, M., Hunt, J. & Vascillicos, C.) 151–193 (Oxford Univ. Press, 1993). / Wavelets, Fractals, and Fourier Transforms by DJ Field (1993)
Srinivasan, M. V., Laughlin, S. B. & Dubs, A. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B216, 427–459 (1982). / Proc. R. Soc. Lond. by MV Srinivasan (1982)
Field, D. J. J. opt. Soc. Am. A4, 2379–2394 (1987). (10.1364/JOSAA.4.002379) / J. opt. Soc. Am. by DJ Field (1987)
Atick, J. J. Network 3, 213–251 (1992). (10.1088/0954-898X_3_2_009) / Network by JJ Atick (1992)
van Hateren, J. H. Nature 360, 68–70 (1992). (10.1038/360068a0) / Nature by JH van Hateren (1992)
Ruderman, D. L. Network 5, 517–548 (1994). (10.1088/0954-898X_5_4_006) / Network by DL Ruderman (1994)
Field, D. J. Neur. Comput. 6, 559–601 (1994). (10.1162/neco.1994.6.4.559) / Neur. Comput. by DJ Field (1994)
Barrow, H. G. in IEEE First Int. Conf. on Neural Networks Vol. 4, (eds Caudill, M. & Butler, C.) 115–121 (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1994). / IEEE First Int. Conf. on Neural Networks by HG Barrow (1994)
Sanger, T. D. in Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems Vol. I (ed. Touretzky, D.) 11–19 (Morgan-Kaufmann, 1989). / Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems by TD Sanger (1989)
Hancock, P. J. B., Baddeley, R. J. & Smith, L. S. Network 3, 61–72 (1992). (10.1088/0954-898X_3_1_008) / Network by PJB Hancock (1992)
Law, C. C. & Cooper, L. N. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91, 7797–7801 (1994). (10.1073/pnas.91.16.7797) / Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. by CC Law (1994)
Fyfe, C. & Baddeley, R. Network 6, 333–344 (1995). (10.1088/0954-898X_6_3_002) / Network by C Fyfe (1995)
Schmidhuber, J., Eldracher, M. & Foltin, B. Neur. Comput. 8 773–786 (1996). (10.1162/neco.1996.8.4.773) / Neur. Comput. by J Schmidhuber (1996)
Barlow, H. B. Neur. Comput. 1, 295–311 (1989). (10.1162/neco.1989.1.3.295) / Neur. Comput. by HB Barlow (1989)
Linsker, R. Computer 105–117 (March, 1988). (10.1109/2.36)
Olshausen, B. A. & Field, D. J. Network 7, 333–339 (1996). (10.1088/0954-898X_7_2_014) / Network by BA Olshausen (1996)
Daugman, J. G. IEEE Trans. biomed. Engng. 36, 107–114 (1989). (10.1109/10.16456) / IEEE Trans. biomed. Engng. by JG Daugman (1989)
Harpur, G. F. & Prager, R. W. Network 7, 277–284 (1996). (10.1088/0954-898X_7_2_007) / Network by GF Harpur (1996)
Foldiak, P. Biol. Cybernet. 64, 165–170 (1990). (10.1007/BF02331346) / Biol. Cybernet. by P Foldiak (1990)
Zemel, R. S. thesis, Univ. Toronto (1993).
Intrator, N. Neur. Comput. 4, 98–107 (1992). (10.1162/neco.1992.4.1.98) / Neur. Comput. by N Intrator (1992)
Bell, A. J. & Sejnowski, T. J. Neur. Comput. 7, 1129–1159 (1995). (10.1162/neco.1995.7.6.1129) / Neur. Comput. by AJ Bell (1995)
Saund, E. Neur. Comput. 7, 51–71 (1995). (10.1162/neco.1995.7.1.51) / Neur. Comput. by E Saund (1995)
Hinton, G. E., Dayan, P., Frey, B. J. & Neal, R. M. Science 268, 1158–1161 (1995). (10.1126/science.7761831) / Science by GE Hinton (1995)
Lu, Z. L., Chubb, C. & Sperling, G. Technical Report MBS 96-15 (Institute for Mathematical Behavioral Sciences, University of California at Irvine, 1996).

Dates

Type	When
Created	22 years ago (Aug. 11, 2003, 10:04 p.m.)
Deposited	2 years, 3 months ago (May 16, 2023, 10:38 p.m.)
Indexed	1 day, 4 hours ago (Aug. 23, 2025, 9:49 p.m.)
Issued	29 years, 2 months ago (June 1, 1996)
Published	29 years, 2 months ago (June 1, 1996)
Published Print	29 years, 2 months ago (June 1, 1996)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Olshausen_1996, title={Emergence of simple-cell receptive field properties by learning a sparse code for natural images}, volume={381}, ISSN={1476-4687}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/381607a0}, DOI={10.1038/381607a0}, number={6583}, journal={Nature}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Olshausen, Bruno A. and Field, David J.}, year={1996}, month=jun, pages={607–609} }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2025,
        8,
        24
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2025-08-24T01:49:58Z",
    "timestamp": 1756000198340
  },
  "reference-count": 30,
  "publisher": "Springer Science and Business Media LLC",
  "issue": "6583",
  "license": [
    {
      "start": {
        "date-parts": [
          [
            1996,
            6,
            1
          ]
        ],
        "date-time": "1996-06-01T00:00:00Z",
        "timestamp": 833587200000
      },
      "content-version": "tdm",
      "delay-in-days": 0,
      "URL": "http://www.springer.com/tdm"
    }
  ],
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [],
    "crossmark-restriction": false
  },
  "published-print": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1996,
        6
      ]
    ]
  },
  "DOI": "10.1038/381607a0",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2003,
        8,
        12
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2003-08-12T02:04:33Z",
    "timestamp": 1060653873000
  },
  "page": "607-609",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 4133,
  "title": "Emergence of simple-cell receptive field properties by learning a sparse code for natural images",
  "prefix": "10.1038",
  "volume": "381",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "Bruno A.",
      "family": "Olshausen",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "David J.",
      "family": "Field",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    }
  ],
  "member": "297",
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "BF381607a0_CR1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "215",
      "DOI": "10.1113/jphysiol.1968.sp008455",
      "volume": "195",
      "author": "DH Hubel",
      "year": "1968",
      "unstructured": "Hubel, D. H. & Wiesel, T. N. J. Physiol., Lond. 195, 215\u2013244 (1968).",
      "journal-title": "J. Physiol., Lond."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF381607a0_CR2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "545",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0042-6989(82)90113-4",
      "volume": "22",
      "author": "RL De Valois",
      "year": "1982",
      "unstructured": "De Valois, R. L., Albrecht, D. G. & Thorell, L. G. Vision Res. 22, 545\u2013559 (1982).",
      "journal-title": "Vision Res."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF381607a0_CR3",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1233",
      "DOI": "10.1152/jn.1987.58.6.1233",
      "volume": "58",
      "author": "JP Jones",
      "year": "1987",
      "unstructured": "Jones, J. P. & Palmer, L. A. J. Neurophysiol. 58, 1233\u20131258 (1987).",
      "journal-title": "J. Neurophysiol."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF381607a0_CR4",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "598",
      "DOI": "10.1364/JOSAA.5.000598",
      "volume": "5",
      "author": "AJ Parker",
      "year": "1988",
      "unstructured": "Parker, A. J. & Hawken, M. J. J. opt. Soc. Am. A 5, 598\u2013605 (1988).",
      "journal-title": "J. opt. Soc. Am."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF381607a0_CR5",
      "first-page": "403",
      "volume-title": "Computational Neuroscience",
      "author": "JG Daugman",
      "year": "1990",
      "unstructured": "Daugman, J. G. Computational Neuroscience (ed. Schwartz, E.) 403\u2013423 (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1990)."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF381607a0_CR6",
      "first-page": "151",
      "volume-title": "Wavelets, Fractals, and Fourier Transforms",
      "author": "DJ Field",
      "year": "1993",
      "unstructured": "Field, D. J. in Wavelets, Fractals, and Fourier Transforms (eds Farge, M., Hunt, J. & Vascillicos, C.) 151\u2013193 (Oxford Univ. Press, 1993)."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF381607a0_CR7",
      "first-page": "427",
      "volume": "216",
      "author": "MV Srinivasan",
      "year": "1982",
      "unstructured": "Srinivasan, M. V., Laughlin, S. B. & Dubs, A. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B216, 427\u2013459 (1982).",
      "journal-title": "Proc. R. Soc. Lond."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF381607a0_CR8",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2379",
      "DOI": "10.1364/JOSAA.4.002379",
      "volume": "4",
      "author": "DJ Field",
      "year": "1987",
      "unstructured": "Field, D. J. J. opt. Soc. Am. A4, 2379\u20132394 (1987).",
      "journal-title": "J. opt. Soc. Am."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF381607a0_CR9",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "213",
      "DOI": "10.1088/0954-898X_3_2_009",
      "volume": "3",
      "author": "JJ Atick",
      "year": "1992",
      "unstructured": "Atick, J. J. Network 3, 213\u2013251 (1992).",
      "journal-title": "Network"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF381607a0_CR10",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "68",
      "DOI": "10.1038/360068a0",
      "volume": "360",
      "author": "JH van Hateren",
      "year": "1992",
      "unstructured": "van Hateren, J. H. Nature 360, 68\u201370 (1992).",
      "journal-title": "Nature"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF381607a0_CR11",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "517",
      "DOI": "10.1088/0954-898X_5_4_006",
      "volume": "5",
      "author": "DL Ruderman",
      "year": "1994",
      "unstructured": "Ruderman, D. L. Network 5, 517\u2013548 (1994).",
      "journal-title": "Network"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF381607a0_CR12",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "559",
      "DOI": "10.1162/neco.1994.6.4.559",
      "volume": "6",
      "author": "DJ Field",
      "year": "1994",
      "unstructured": "Field, D. J. Neur. Comput. 6, 559\u2013601 (1994).",
      "journal-title": "Neur. Comput."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF381607a0_CR13",
      "first-page": "115",
      "volume-title": "IEEE First Int. Conf. on Neural Networks",
      "author": "HG Barrow",
      "year": "1994",
      "unstructured": "Barrow, H. G. in IEEE First Int. Conf. on Neural Networks Vol. 4, (eds Caudill, M. & Butler, C.) 115\u2013121 (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1994)."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF381607a0_CR14",
      "first-page": "11",
      "volume-title": "Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems",
      "author": "TD Sanger",
      "year": "1989",
      "unstructured": "Sanger, T. D. in Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems Vol. I (ed. Touretzky, D.) 11\u201319 (Morgan-Kaufmann, 1989)."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF381607a0_CR15",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "61",
      "DOI": "10.1088/0954-898X_3_1_008",
      "volume": "3",
      "author": "PJB Hancock",
      "year": "1992",
      "unstructured": "Hancock, P. J. B., Baddeley, R. J. & Smith, L. S. Network 3, 61\u201372 (1992).",
      "journal-title": "Network"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF381607a0_CR16",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "7797",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.91.16.7797",
      "volume": "91",
      "author": "CC Law",
      "year": "1994",
      "unstructured": "Law, C. C. & Cooper, L. N. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91, 7797\u20137801 (1994).",
      "journal-title": "Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF381607a0_CR17",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "333",
      "DOI": "10.1088/0954-898X_6_3_002",
      "volume": "6",
      "author": "C Fyfe",
      "year": "1995",
      "unstructured": "Fyfe, C. & Baddeley, R. Network 6, 333\u2013344 (1995).",
      "journal-title": "Network"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF381607a0_CR18",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "773",
      "DOI": "10.1162/neco.1996.8.4.773",
      "volume": "8",
      "author": "J Schmidhuber",
      "year": "1996",
      "unstructured": "Schmidhuber, J., Eldracher, M. & Foltin, B. Neur. Comput. 8 773\u2013786 (1996).",
      "journal-title": "Neur. Comput."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF381607a0_CR19",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "295",
      "DOI": "10.1162/neco.1989.1.3.295",
      "volume": "1",
      "author": "HB Barlow",
      "year": "1989",
      "unstructured": "Barlow, H. B. Neur. Comput. 1, 295\u2013311 (1989).",
      "journal-title": "Neur. Comput."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF381607a0_CR20",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "unstructured": "Linsker, R. Computer 105\u2013117 (March, 1988).",
      "DOI": "10.1109/2.36"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF381607a0_CR21",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "333",
      "DOI": "10.1088/0954-898X_7_2_014",
      "volume": "7",
      "author": "BA Olshausen",
      "year": "1996",
      "unstructured": "Olshausen, B. A. & Field, D. J. Network 7, 333\u2013339 (1996).",
      "journal-title": "Network"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF381607a0_CR22",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "107",
      "DOI": "10.1109/10.16456",
      "volume": "36",
      "author": "JG Daugman",
      "year": "1989",
      "unstructured": "Daugman, J. G. IEEE Trans. biomed. Engng. 36, 107\u2013114 (1989).",
      "journal-title": "IEEE Trans. biomed. Engng."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF381607a0_CR23",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "277",
      "DOI": "10.1088/0954-898X_7_2_007",
      "volume": "7",
      "author": "GF Harpur",
      "year": "1996",
      "unstructured": "Harpur, G. F. & Prager, R. W. Network 7, 277\u2013284 (1996).",
      "journal-title": "Network"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF381607a0_CR24",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "165",
      "DOI": "10.1007/BF02331346",
      "volume": "64",
      "author": "P Foldiak",
      "year": "1990",
      "unstructured": "Foldiak, P. Biol. Cybernet. 64, 165\u2013170 (1990).",
      "journal-title": "Biol. Cybernet."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF381607a0_CR25",
      "unstructured": "Zemel, R. S. thesis, Univ. Toronto (1993)."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF381607a0_CR26",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "98",
      "DOI": "10.1162/neco.1992.4.1.98",
      "volume": "4",
      "author": "N Intrator",
      "year": "1992",
      "unstructured": "Intrator, N. Neur. Comput. 4, 98\u2013107 (1992).",
      "journal-title": "Neur. Comput."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF381607a0_CR27",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1129",
      "DOI": "10.1162/neco.1995.7.6.1129",
      "volume": "7",
      "author": "AJ Bell",
      "year": "1995",
      "unstructured": "Bell, A. J. & Sejnowski, T. J. Neur. Comput. 7, 1129\u20131159 (1995).",
      "journal-title": "Neur. Comput."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF381607a0_CR28",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "51",
      "DOI": "10.1162/neco.1995.7.1.51",
      "volume": "7",
      "author": "E Saund",
      "year": "1995",
      "unstructured": "Saund, E. Neur. Comput. 7, 51\u201371 (1995).",
      "journal-title": "Neur. Comput."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF381607a0_CR29",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1158",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.7761831",
      "volume": "268",
      "author": "GE Hinton",
      "year": "1995",
      "unstructured": "Hinton, G. E., Dayan, P., Frey, B. J. & Neal, R. M. Science 268, 1158\u20131161 (1995).",
      "journal-title": "Science"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF381607a0_CR30",
      "unstructured": "Lu, Z. L., Chubb, C. & Sperling, G. Technical Report MBS 96-15 (Institute for Mathematical Behavioral Sciences, University of California at Irvine, 1996)."
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "Nature",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "http://www.nature.com/articles/381607a0",
      "content-type": "text/html",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "text-mining"
    },
    {
      "URL": "http://www.nature.com/articles/381607a0.pdf",
      "content-type": "application/pdf",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "text-mining"
    },
    {
      "URL": "http://www.nature.com/articles/381607a0.pdf",
      "content-type": "application/pdf",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "similarity-checking"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2023,
        5,
        17
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2023-05-17T02:38:58Z",
    "timestamp": 1684291138000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://www.nature.com/articles/381607a0"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1996,
        6
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 30,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "6583",
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          1996,
          6
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "alternative-id": [
    "BF381607a0"
  ],
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/381607a0",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "0028-0836",
    "1476-4687"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "container-title-short": "Nature",
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1996,
        6
      ]
    ]
  }
}