DOI: 10.1038/35037500. A mesoscale phytoplankton bloom in the polar Southern Ocean stimulated by iron fertilization

A mesoscale phytoplankton bloom in the polar Southern Ocean stimulated by iron fertilization

10.1038/35037500

Crossref journal-article

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Nature (297)

Bibliography

Boyd, P. W., Watson, A. J., Law, C. S., Abraham, E. R., Trull, T., Murdoch, R., Bakker, D. C. E., Bowie, A. R., Buesseler, K. O., Chang, H., Charette, M., Croot, P., Downing, K., Frew, R., Gall, M., Hadfield, M., Hall, J., Harvey, M., Jameson, G., â¦ Zeldis, J. (2000). A mesoscale phytoplankton bloom in the polar Southern Ocean stimulated by iron fertilization. Nature, 407(6805), 695â702.

Authors 35

Philip W. Boyd (first)
Andrew J. Watson (additional)
Cliff S. Law (additional)
Edward R. Abraham (additional)
Thomas Trull (additional)
Rob Murdoch (additional)
Dorothee C. E. Bakker (additional)
Andrew R. Bowie (additional)
K. O. Buesseler (additional)
Hoe Chang (additional)
Matthew Charette (additional)
Peter Croot (additional)
Ken Downing (additional)
Russell Frew (additional)
Mark Gall (additional)
Mark Hadfield (additional)
Julie Hall (additional)
Mike Harvey (additional)
Greg Jameson (additional)
Julie LaRoche (additional)
Malcolm Liddicoat (additional)
Roger Ling (additional)
Maria T. Maldonado (additional)
R. Michael McKay (additional)
Scott Nodder (additional)
Stu Pickmere (additional)
Rick Pridmore (additional)
Steve Rintoul (additional)
Karl Safi (additional)
Philip Sutton (additional)
Robert Strzepek (additional)
Kim Tanneberger (additional)
Suzanne Turner (additional)
Anya Waite (additional)
John Zeldis (additional)

References 54 Referenced 1,282

Martin, J. H. Glacial-interglacial CO2 change: The iron hypothesis. Paleoceanography 5, 1–13 (1990). (10.1029/PA005i001p00001) / Paleoceanography by JH Martin (1990)
Falkowski, P. G., Barber, R. T. & Smetacek, V. Biogeochemical controls and feedbacks on ocean primary production. Science 281, 200– 206 (1998). (10.1126/science.281.5374.200) / Science by PG Falkowski (1998)
Coale, K. H. et al. A massive phytoplankton bloom induced by ecosystem-scale iron fertilization experiment in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Nature 383, 495–501 ( 1996). (10.1038/383495a0) / Nature by KH Coale (1996)
Behrenfeld, M. J., Bale, A. J., Kolber, Z. S., Aiken, J. & Falkowski, P. G. Confirmation of iron limitation of phytoplankton photosynthesis in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Nature 383, 508–510 ( 1996). (10.1038/383508a0) / Nature by MJ Behrenfeld (1996)
Cooper, D. J., Watson, A. J. & Nightingale, P. D. Large decrease in ocean-surface CO2 fugacity in response to in situ iron fertilization. Nature 383, 511–513 (1996). (10.1038/383511a0) / Nature by DJ Cooper (1996)
Sarmiento, J. L. & Orr, J. C. Three-dimensional simulations of the impact of Southern Ocean nutrient depletion on atmospheric CO2 and ocean chemistry. Limnol. Oceanogr. 36, 1928–1950 (1991). (10.4319/lo.1991.36.8.1928) / Limnol. Oceanogr. by JL Sarmiento (1991)
Sarmiento, J. L., Hughes, T. M. C., Stouffer, R. J. & Manabe, S. Simulated response of the ocean carbon cycle to anthropogenic climate warming. Nature 393, 245–249 (1998). (10.1038/30455) / Nature by JL Sarmiento (1998)
Broecker, W. S. & Henderson, G. M. The sequence of events surrounding termination II and their implications for the causes of glacial interglacial CO2 changes. Paleoceanography 13, 352–364 ( 1998). (10.1029/98PA00920) / Paleoceanography by WS Broecker (1998)
Kumar, N. et al. Increased biological productivity and export production in the glacial Southern Ocean. Nature 378, 675– 680 (1995). (10.1038/378675a0) / Nature by N Kumar (1995)
de Baar, H. J. W. & Boyd, P. W. in The Dynamic Ocean Carbon Cycle: A Midterm Synthesis of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study Ch. 4 (eds Hanson, R. B., Ducklow, H. W. & Field, J. G.) 61–140 (International Geosphere Biosphere Programme Book Series, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 1999). / The Dynamic Ocean Carbon Cycle: A Midterm Synthesis of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study by HJW de Baar (1999)
de Baar, H. J. W. et al. Importance of iron for plankton blooms and carbon dioxide drawdown in the Southern Ocean. Nature 373, 412–415 (1995). (10.1038/373412a0) / Nature by HJ de Baar (1995)
Mitchell, B. G., Brody, E. A., Holm-Hansen, O., McClain, C. & Bishop, J. Light limitation of phytoplankton biomass and macronutrient utilization in the Southern Ocean. Limnol. Oceanogr. 36, 1662–1677 (1991). (10.4319/lo.1991.36.8.1662) / Limnol. Oceanogr. by BG Mitchell (1991)
Nelson, D. M. & Smith, W. O. Jr Sverdrup revisited: Critical depths, maximum chlorophyll levels, and the control of Southern Ocean productivity by the irradiance-mixing regime. Limnol. Oceanogr. 36, 1650–1661 (1991). (10.4319/lo.1991.36.8.1650) / Limnol. Oceanogr. by DM Nelson (1991)
Boyd, P. W., LaRoche, J., Gall, M., Frew, R. & McKay, R. M. L. The role of iron, light and silicate in controlling algal biomass in sub-Antarctic waters SE of New Zealand. J. Geophys. Res. 104, 13395–13408 ( 1999). (10.1029/1999JC900009) / J. Geophys. Res. by PW Boyd (1999)
Banse, K. Iron availability, nitrate uptake and exportable new production in the subarctic Pacific. J. Geophys. Res. 96, 741– 748 (1991). (10.1029/90JC02371) / J. Geophys. Res. by K Banse (1991)
Orsi, A. H., Whitworth, T. W. & Nowlin, W. D. Jr On the meridional extent and fronts of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Deep-Sea Res. I 42, 641–673 (1995). (10.1016/0967-0637(95)00021-W) / Deep-Sea Res. I by AH Orsi (1995)
Nowlin, W. D. Jr & Klinck, J. M. The physics of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. 24, 469–491 ( 1986). (10.1029/RG024i003p00469) / Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. by WD Nowlin Jr (1986)
Zentara, S. J. & Kamykowski, D. Geographic variation in the relationship between silicic acid and nitrate in the South Pacific Ocean. Deep-Sea Res. A 28, 455– 465 (1981). (10.1016/0198-0149(81)90137-0) / Deep-Sea Res. A by SJ Zentara (1981)
Rintoul, S. R. & Bullister, J. L. A late winter hydrographic section from Tasmania to Antarctica. Deep-Sea Res. I 46, 1417–1454 ( 1999). (10.1016/S0967-0637(99)00013-8) / Deep-Sea Res. I by SR Rintoul (1999)
Rintoul, S. R., Donguy, J. R. & Roemmich, D. H. Seasonal evolution of upper ocean thermal structure between Tasmania and Antarctica. Deep-Sea Res. I 44 , 1185–1202 (1997). (10.1016/S0967-0637(96)00125-2) / Deep-Sea Res. I by SR Rintoul (1997)
LaRoche, J., Boyd, P. W., McKay, R. M. L. & Geider, R. J. Flavodoxin as an in situ marker for iron stress in phytoplankton. Nature 382, 802–805 ( 1996). (10.1038/382802a0) / Nature by J LaRoche (1996)
Watson, A. J., Liss, P. S. & Duce, R. A. Design of a small-scale iron fertilisation experiment. Limnol. Oceanogr. 36, 1960– 1965 (1991). (10.4319/lo.1991.36.8.1960) / Limnol. Oceanogr. by AJ Watson (1991)
Martin, J. H. et al. Testing the iron hypothesis in ecosystems of the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Nature 371, 123– 129 (1994). (10.1038/371123a0) / Nature by JH Martin (1994)
Law, C. S., Watson, A. J., Liddicoat, M. I. & Stanton, T. Sulphur hexafluoride as a tracer of biogeochemical and physical processes in an open-ocean iron fertilisation experiment. Deep-Sea Res. II 45, 977–994 ( 1998). (10.1016/S0967-0645(98)00022-8) / Deep-Sea Res. II by CS Law (1998)
Millero, F. J., Sotolongo, S. & Izaguirre, M. The oxidation kinetics of Fe(II) in seawater. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 793–801 (1987). (10.1016/0016-7037(87)90093-7) / Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta by FJ Millero (1987)
Geider, R. J. Biological oceanography: complex lessons of iron uptake. Nature 400, 815–816 ( 1999). (10.1038/23582) / Nature by RJ Geider (1999)
Muggli, D. L., Lecourt, M. & Harrison, P. J. Effects of iron and nitrogen source on the sinking rate, physiology and metal composition of an oceanic diatom from the subarctic Pacific. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 132, 215– 227 (1996). (10.3354/meps132215) / Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. by DL Muggli (1996)
Greene, R. M., Geider, R. J., Kolber, Z. & Falkowski, P. G. Iron-induced changes in light-harvesting and photochemical energy conversion processes in eukaryotic marine algae. Plant Physiol. 100, 565–575 (1992). (10.1104/pp.100.2.565) / Plant Physiol. by RM Greene (1992)
Behrenfeld, M. J., Prasil, O., Kolber, Z. S., Babin, M. & Falkowski, P. G. Compensatory changes in photosystem II electron turnover rates protect photosynthesis from photoinhibition. Photosynth. Res. 58, 259–268 (1999). (10.1023/A:1006138630573) / Photosynth. Res. by MJ Behrenfeld (1999)
Neale, P. J., Davis, R. F. & Cullen, J. J. Interactive effects of ozone depletion and vertical mixing on photosynthesis of Antarctic phytoplankton. Nature 392, 585–589 (1998). (10.1038/33374) / Nature by PJ Neale (1998)
Sunda, W. G. & Huntsman, S. A. Interrelated influence of iron, light and cell size on marine phytoplankton growth. Nature 390, 389–392 (1997). (10.1038/37093) / Nature by WG Sunda (1997)
Laubscher, R. K., Perissinotto, R. & McQuaid, C. D. Phytoplankton production and biomass at frontal zones in the Atlantic Sector of the Southern Ocean. Polar Biol. 13, 471–481 (1993). (10.1007/BF00233138) / Polar Biol. by RK Laubscher (1993)
Watson, A. J., Bakker, D. C. E., Ridgwell, A. J., Boyd, P. W. & Law, C. S. Effect of iron supply on Southern Ocean CO2 uptake and implications for glacial atmospheric CO 2. Nature 407, 730– 733 (2000). (10.1038/35037561) / Nature by AJ Watson (2000)
Hutchins, D. A. & Bruland, K. W. Iron limited diatom growth and Si:N uptake ratios in a coastal upwelling regime. Nature 393, 561–564 ( 1998). (10.1038/31203) / Nature by DA Hutchins (1998)
Verity, P. & Smetacek, V. Organism life cycles, predation, and the structure of marine pelagic ecosystems. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 130, 277–293 ( 1996). (10.3354/meps130277) / Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. by P Verity (1996)
Wolfe, G. V., Steinke, M. & Kirst, G. O. Grazing-activated chemical defence in a unicellular marine alga. Nature 387, 894– 897 (1997). (10.1038/43168) / Nature by GV Wolfe (1997)
Buesseler, K. O. Do upper-ocean sediment traps provide an accurate record of particle flux? Nature 353, 420–423 (1991). (10.1038/353420a0) / Nature by KO Buesseler (1991)
McKay, R. M. L., Geider, R. J. & LaRoche, J. Physiological and biochemical response of the photosynthetic apparatus of two marine diatoms to Fe stress. Plant Physiol. 114, 615–622 (1997). (10.1104/pp.114.2.615) / Plant Physiol. by RML McKay (1997)
Maldonado, M. T. & Price, N. M. Utilization of iron bound to strong organic ligands by phytoplankton communities in the subarctic Pacific Ocean. Deep-Sea Res. II 46, 2447 –2474 (1999). (10.1016/S0967-0645(99)00071-5) / Deep-Sea Res. II by MT Maldonado (1999)
Abraham, E. R. et al. Importance of stirring in the development of an iron-fertilized phytoplankton bloom. Nature 407, 727– 730 (2000). (10.1038/35037555) / Nature by ER Abraham (2000)
Morel, F. M. M., Reuter, J. G. & Price, N. M. Iron nutrition of phytoplankton and its possible importance in the ecology of ocean regions with high nutrient and low biomass. Oceanography 4, 56–61 (1991). (10.5670/oceanog.1991.03) / Oceanography by FMM Morel (1991)
Boyd, P. W. & Newton, P. P. Does planktonic community structure determine downward particulate organic carbon flux in different oceanic provinces. Deep-Sea Res. I 46, 63– 91 (1999). (10.1016/S0967-0637(98)00066-1) / Deep-Sea Res. I by PW Boyd (1999)
Obata, A., J. Ishizaka & Endoh, M. Global verification of critical depth theory for phytoplankton blooms with climatological in situ temperature and satellite ocean color data. J. Geophys. Res. 101, 20657– 20667 (1998). (10.1029/96JC01734) / J. Geophys. Res. by A Obata (1998)
Peng, T.-H. & Broecker, W. S. Factors limiting the reduction of atmospheric CO2 by iron fertilisation. Limnol. Oceanogr. 36, 1919–1927 ( 1991). (10.4319/lo.1991.36.8.1919) / Limnol. Oceanogr. by T-H Peng (1991)
Bishop, J. K. B. & Rossow, W. R. Spatial and temporal variability of global surface solar irradiance. J. Geophys. Res. 96, 16839–16858 ( 1991). (10.1029/91JC01754) / J. Geophys. Res. by JKB Bishop (1991)
Trenberth, K. E., Large, W. G. & Olson, J. G. The mean annual cycle in global ocean wind stress. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 20, 1742– 1760 (1990). (10.1175/1520-0485(1990)020<1742:TMACIG>2.0.CO;2) / J. Phys. Oceanogr. by KE Trenberth (1990)
Moore, J. K. et al. SeaWiFS satellite ocean color data from the Southern Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett. 26, 1465– 1468 (1999). (10.1029/1999GL900242) / Geophys. Res. Lett. by JK Moore (1999)
Jackson, G. A. A model of the formation of marine algal flocs by physical coagulation processes. Deep-Sea Res. 37, 1197– 1211 (1990). (10.1016/0198-0149(90)90038-W) / Deep-Sea Res. by GA Jackson (1990)
Law, C. S., Watson, A. J. & Liddicoat, M. I. Automated vacuum analysis of sulphur hexafluoride in seawater; derivation of the atmospheric trend (1970-1993) and potential as a transient tracer. Mar. Chem. 48, 57 –69 (1994). (10.1016/0304-4203(94)90062-0) / Mar. Chem. by CS Law (1994)
Bradford-Grieve, J. M. et al. Pelagic ecosystem structure and functioning in the Subtropical Front region east of New Zealand in austral winter and spring 1993. J. Plank. Res. 21, 405–428 (1999). (10.1093/plankt/21.3.405) / J. Plank. Res. by JM Bradford-Grieve (1999)
Fitzwater, S. E., Knauer, G. A. & Martin, J. H. Metal contamination and its effect on primary production methods. Limnol. Oceanogr. 27, 544– 551 (1982). (10.4319/lo.1982.27.3.0544) / Limnol. Oceanogr. by SE Fitzwater (1982)
Maldonado, M., Boyd, P. W., Price N. M. & Harrison, P. J. Co-limitation of phytoplankton by light and Fe during winter in the NE subarctic Pacific Ocean. Deep-Sea Res. II 46, 2475– 2486 (1999). (10.1016/S0967-0645(99)00072-7) / Deep-Sea Res. II by M Maldonado (1999)
Montagnes, D. J. S., Berges, J. A., Harrison, P. J. & Taylor, F. J. R. Estimating carbon, nitrogen, protein and chlorophyll a from volume in marine phytoplankton. Limnol. Oceanogr. 39, 1044–1060 (1994). (10.4319/lo.1994.39.5.1044) / Limnol. Oceanogr. by DJS Montagnes (1994)
Popp, B. N., Parekh, P., Tilbrook, B., Bidigare, R. R. & Laws, E. A. Organic carbon δ13C variations in sedimentary rocks as chemostratigraphic and paleoenvironmental tools. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 132, 119– 132 (1997). (10.1016/S0031-0182(97)00061-8) / Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. by BN Popp (1997)

Dates

Type	When
Created	23 years ago (July 26, 2002, 4:46 a.m.)
Deposited	2 years, 3 months ago (May 16, 2023, 10:10 p.m.)
Indexed	4 hours, 45 minutes ago (Aug. 23, 2025, 9:23 p.m.)
Issued	24 years, 10 months ago (Oct. 1, 2000)
Published	24 years, 10 months ago (Oct. 1, 2000)
Published Print	24 years, 10 months ago (Oct. 1, 2000)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Boyd_2000, title={A mesoscale phytoplankton bloom in the polar Southern Ocean stimulated by iron fertilization}, volume={407}, ISSN={1476-4687}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35037500}, DOI={10.1038/35037500}, number={6805}, journal={Nature}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Boyd, Philip W. and Watson, Andrew J. and Law, Cliff S. and Abraham, Edward R. and Trull, Thomas and Murdoch, Rob and Bakker, Dorothee C. E. and Bowie, Andrew R. and Buesseler, K. O. and Chang, Hoe and Charette, Matthew and Croot, Peter and Downing, Ken and Frew, Russell and Gall, Mark and Hadfield, Mark and Hall, Julie and Harvey, Mike and Jameson, Greg and LaRoche, Julie and Liddicoat, Malcolm and Ling, Roger and Maldonado, Maria T. and McKay, R. Michael and Nodder, Scott and Pickmere, Stu and Pridmore, Rick and Rintoul, Steve and Safi, Karl and Sutton, Philip and Strzepek, Robert and Tanneberger, Kim and Turner, Suzanne and Waite, Anya and Zeldis, John}, year={2000}, month=oct, pages={695–702} }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2025,
        8,
        24
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2025-08-24T01:23:00Z",
    "timestamp": 1755998580576
  },
  "reference-count": 54,
  "publisher": "Springer Science and Business Media LLC",
  "issue": "6805",
  "license": [
    {
      "start": {
        "date-parts": [
          [
            2000,
            10,
            1
          ]
        ],
        "date-time": "2000-10-01T00:00:00Z",
        "timestamp": 970358400000
      },
      "content-version": "tdm",
      "delay-in-days": 0,
      "URL": "http://www.springer.com/tdm"
    }
  ],
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [],
    "crossmark-restriction": false
  },
  "published-print": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2000,
        10
      ]
    ]
  },
  "DOI": "10.1038/35037500",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2002,
        7,
        26
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2002-07-26T08:46:14Z",
    "timestamp": 1027673174000
  },
  "page": "695-702",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 1282,
  "title": "A mesoscale phytoplankton bloom in the polar Southern Ocean stimulated by iron fertilization",
  "prefix": "10.1038",
  "volume": "407",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "Philip W.",
      "family": "Boyd",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Andrew J.",
      "family": "Watson",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Cliff S.",
      "family": "Law",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Edward R.",
      "family": "Abraham",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Thomas",
      "family": "Trull",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Rob",
      "family": "Murdoch",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Dorothee C. E.",
      "family": "Bakker",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Andrew R.",
      "family": "Bowie",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "K. O.",
      "family": "Buesseler",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Hoe",
      "family": "Chang",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Matthew",
      "family": "Charette",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Peter",
      "family": "Croot",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Ken",
      "family": "Downing",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Russell",
      "family": "Frew",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Mark",
      "family": "Gall",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Mark",
      "family": "Hadfield",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Julie",
      "family": "Hall",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Mike",
      "family": "Harvey",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Greg",
      "family": "Jameson",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Julie",
      "family": "LaRoche",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Malcolm",
      "family": "Liddicoat",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Roger",
      "family": "Ling",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Maria T.",
      "family": "Maldonado",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "R. Michael",
      "family": "McKay",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Scott",
      "family": "Nodder",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Stu",
      "family": "Pickmere",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Rick",
      "family": "Pridmore",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Steve",
      "family": "Rintoul",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Karl",
      "family": "Safi",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Philip",
      "family": "Sutton",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Robert",
      "family": "Strzepek",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Kim",
      "family": "Tanneberger",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Suzanne",
      "family": "Turner",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Anya",
      "family": "Waite",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "John",
      "family": "Zeldis",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    }
  ],
  "member": "297",
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "BF35037500_CR1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "1",
      "DOI": "10.1029/PA005i001p00001",
      "volume": "5",
      "author": "JH Martin",
      "year": "1990",
      "unstructured": "Martin, J. H. Glacial-interglacial CO2 change: The iron hypothesis.  Paleoceanography 5, 1\u201313 (1990).",
      "journal-title": "Paleoceanography"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF35037500_CR2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "200",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.281.5374.200",
      "volume": "281",
      "author": "PG Falkowski",
      "year": "1998",
      "unstructured": "Falkowski, P. G., Barber, R. T. & Smetacek, V. Biogeochemical controls and feedbacks on ocean primary production. Science 281, 200\u2013 206 (1998).",
      "journal-title": "Science"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF35037500_CR3",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "495",
      "DOI": "10.1038/383495a0",
      "volume": "383",
      "author": "KH Coale",
      "year": "1996",
      "unstructured": "Coale, K. H.  et al. A massive phytoplankton bloom induced by ecosystem-scale iron fertilization experiment in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Nature  383, 495\u2013501 ( 1996).",
      "journal-title": "Nature"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF35037500_CR4",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "508",
      "DOI": "10.1038/383508a0",
      "volume": "383",
      "author": "MJ Behrenfeld",
      "year": "1996",
      "unstructured": "Behrenfeld, M. J., Bale, A. J., Kolber, Z. S., Aiken, J. & Falkowski, P. G. Confirmation of iron limitation of phytoplankton photosynthesis in the equatorial Pacific Ocean.  Nature 383, 508\u2013510 ( 1996).",
      "journal-title": "Nature"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF35037500_CR5",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "511",
      "DOI": "10.1038/383511a0",
      "volume": "383",
      "author": "DJ Cooper",
      "year": "1996",
      "unstructured": "Cooper, D. J., Watson, A. J. & Nightingale, P. D. Large decrease in ocean-surface CO2 fugacity in response to in situ iron fertilization. Nature  383, 511\u2013513 (1996).",
      "journal-title": "Nature"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF35037500_CR6",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "1928",
      "DOI": "10.4319/lo.1991.36.8.1928",
      "volume": "36",
      "author": "JL Sarmiento",
      "year": "1991",
      "unstructured": "Sarmiento, J. L. & Orr, J. C. Three-dimensional simulations of the impact of Southern Ocean nutrient depletion on atmospheric CO2 and ocean chemistry. Limnol. Oceanogr.  36, 1928\u20131950 (1991).",
      "journal-title": "Limnol. Oceanogr."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF35037500_CR7",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "245",
      "DOI": "10.1038/30455",
      "volume": "393",
      "author": "JL Sarmiento",
      "year": "1998",
      "unstructured": "Sarmiento, J. L., Hughes, T. M. C., Stouffer, R. J. & Manabe, S. Simulated response of the ocean carbon cycle to anthropogenic climate warming. Nature 393, 245\u2013249 (1998).",
      "journal-title": "Nature"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF35037500_CR8",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "352",
      "DOI": "10.1029/98PA00920",
      "volume": "13",
      "author": "WS Broecker",
      "year": "1998",
      "unstructured": "Broecker, W. S. & Henderson, G. M. The sequence of events surrounding termination II and their implications for the causes of glacial interglacial CO2 changes. Paleoceanography  13, 352\u2013364 ( 1998).",
      "journal-title": "Paleoceanography"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF35037500_CR9",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "675",
      "DOI": "10.1038/378675a0",
      "volume": "378",
      "author": "N Kumar",
      "year": "1995",
      "unstructured": "Kumar, N. et al. Increased biological productivity and export production in the glacial Southern Ocean. Nature 378, 675\u2013 680 (1995).",
      "journal-title": "Nature"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF35037500_CR10",
      "first-page": "61",
      "volume-title": "The Dynamic Ocean Carbon Cycle: A Midterm Synthesis of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study",
      "author": "HJW de Baar",
      "year": "1999",
      "unstructured": "de Baar, H. J. W. & Boyd, P. W. in The Dynamic Ocean Carbon Cycle: A Midterm Synthesis of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study  Ch. 4 (eds Hanson, R. B., Ducklow, H. W. & Field, J. G.) 61\u2013140 (International Geosphere Biosphere Programme Book Series, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 1999)."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF35037500_CR11",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "412",
      "DOI": "10.1038/373412a0",
      "volume": "373",
      "author": "HJ de Baar",
      "year": "1995",
      "unstructured": "de Baar, H. J. W. et al. Importance of iron for plankton blooms and carbon dioxide drawdown in the Southern Ocean. Nature 373, 412\u2013415 (1995).",
      "journal-title": "Nature"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF35037500_CR12",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "1662",
      "DOI": "10.4319/lo.1991.36.8.1662",
      "volume": "36",
      "author": "BG Mitchell",
      "year": "1991",
      "unstructured": "Mitchell, B. G., Brody, E. A., Holm-Hansen, O., McClain, C. & Bishop, J. Light limitation of phytoplankton biomass and macronutrient utilization in the Southern Ocean. Limnol. Oceanogr. 36, 1662\u20131677 (1991).",
      "journal-title": "Limnol. Oceanogr."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF35037500_CR13",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "1650",
      "DOI": "10.4319/lo.1991.36.8.1650",
      "volume": "36",
      "author": "DM Nelson",
      "year": "1991",
      "unstructured": "Nelson, D. M. & Smith, W. O. Jr Sverdrup revisited: Critical depths, maximum chlorophyll levels, and the control of Southern Ocean productivity by the irradiance-mixing regime. Limnol. Oceanogr.  36, 1650\u20131661 (1991).",
      "journal-title": "Limnol. Oceanogr."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF35037500_CR14",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "13395",
      "DOI": "10.1029/1999JC900009",
      "volume": "104",
      "author": "PW Boyd",
      "year": "1999",
      "unstructured": "Boyd, P. W., LaRoche, J., Gall, M., Frew, R. & McKay, R. M. L. The role of iron, light and silicate in controlling algal biomass in sub-Antarctic waters SE of New Zealand. J. Geophys. Res. 104, 13395\u201313408 ( 1999).",
      "journal-title": "J. Geophys. Res."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF35037500_CR15",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "741",
      "DOI": "10.1029/90JC02371",
      "volume": "96",
      "author": "K Banse",
      "year": "1991",
      "unstructured": "Banse, K. Iron availability, nitrate uptake and exportable new production in the subarctic Pacific. J.\u00a0Geophys. Res. 96, 741\u2013 748 (1991).",
      "journal-title": "J.\u00a0Geophys. Res."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF35037500_CR16",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "641",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0967-0637(95)00021-W",
      "volume": "42",
      "author": "AH Orsi",
      "year": "1995",
      "unstructured": "Orsi, A. H., Whitworth, T. W. & Nowlin, W. D. Jr On the meridional extent and fronts of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Deep-Sea Res. I  42, 641\u2013673 (1995).",
      "journal-title": "Deep-Sea Res. I"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF35037500_CR17",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "469",
      "DOI": "10.1029/RG024i003p00469",
      "volume": "24",
      "author": "WD Nowlin Jr",
      "year": "1986",
      "unstructured": "Nowlin, W. D. Jr & Klinck, J. M. The physics of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Rev. Geophys. Space Phys.  24, 469\u2013491 ( 1986).",
      "journal-title": "Rev. Geophys. Space Phys."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF35037500_CR18",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "455",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0198-0149(81)90137-0",
      "volume": "28",
      "author": "SJ Zentara",
      "year": "1981",
      "unstructured": "Zentara, S. J. & Kamykowski, D. Geographic variation in the relationship between silicic acid and nitrate in the South Pacific Ocean. Deep-Sea Res. A 28, 455\u2013 465 (1981).",
      "journal-title": "Deep-Sea Res. A"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF35037500_CR19",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "1417",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0967-0637(99)00013-8",
      "volume": "46",
      "author": "SR Rintoul",
      "year": "1999",
      "unstructured": "Rintoul, S. R. & Bullister, J. L. A late winter hydrographic section from Tasmania to Antarctica. Deep-Sea Res. I 46, 1417\u20131454 ( 1999).",
      "journal-title": "Deep-Sea Res. I"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF35037500_CR20",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "1185",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0967-0637(96)00125-2",
      "volume": "44",
      "author": "SR Rintoul",
      "year": "1997",
      "unstructured": "Rintoul, S. R., Donguy, J. R. & Roemmich, D. H. Seasonal evolution of upper ocean thermal structure between Tasmania and Antarctica. Deep-Sea Res. I 44 , 1185\u20131202 (1997).",
      "journal-title": "Deep-Sea Res. I"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF35037500_CR21",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "802",
      "DOI": "10.1038/382802a0",
      "volume": "382",
      "author": "J LaRoche",
      "year": "1996",
      "unstructured": "LaRoche, J., Boyd, P. W., McKay, R. M. L. & Geider, R. J. Flavodoxin as an in situ marker for iron stress in phytoplankton.  Nature 382, 802\u2013805 ( 1996).",
      "journal-title": "Nature"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF35037500_CR22",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "1960",
      "DOI": "10.4319/lo.1991.36.8.1960",
      "volume": "36",
      "author": "AJ Watson",
      "year": "1991",
      "unstructured": "Watson, A. J., Liss, P. S. & Duce, R. A. Design of a small-scale iron fertilisation experiment. Limnol. Oceanogr. 36, 1960\u2013 1965 (1991).",
      "journal-title": "Limnol. Oceanogr."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF35037500_CR23",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "123",
      "DOI": "10.1038/371123a0",
      "volume": "371",
      "author": "JH Martin",
      "year": "1994",
      "unstructured": "Martin, J. H.  et al. Testing the iron hypothesis in ecosystems of the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Nature 371, 123\u2013 129 (1994).",
      "journal-title": "Nature"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF35037500_CR24",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "977",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0967-0645(98)00022-8",
      "volume": "45",
      "author": "CS Law",
      "year": "1998",
      "unstructured": "Law, C. S., Watson, A. J., Liddicoat, M. I. & Stanton, T. Sulphur hexafluoride as a tracer of biogeochemical and physical processes in an open-ocean iron fertilisation experiment. Deep-Sea Res. II  45, 977\u2013994 ( 1998).",
      "journal-title": "Deep-Sea Res. II"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF35037500_CR25",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "793",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0016-7037(87)90093-7",
      "volume": "51",
      "author": "FJ Millero",
      "year": "1987",
      "unstructured": "Millero, F. J., Sotolongo, S. & Izaguirre, M. The oxidation kinetics of Fe(II) in seawater.  Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 793\u2013801 (1987).",
      "journal-title": "Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF35037500_CR26",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "815",
      "DOI": "10.1038/23582",
      "volume": "400",
      "author": "RJ Geider",
      "year": "1999",
      "unstructured": "Geider, R. J. Biological oceanography: complex lessons of iron uptake. Nature  400, 815\u2013816 ( 1999).",
      "journal-title": "Nature"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF35037500_CR27",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "215",
      "DOI": "10.3354/meps132215",
      "volume": "132",
      "author": "DL Muggli",
      "year": "1996",
      "unstructured": "Muggli, D. L., Lecourt, M. & Harrison, P. J. Effects of iron and nitrogen source on the sinking rate, physiology and metal composition of an oceanic diatom from the subarctic Pacific. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 132, 215\u2013 227 (1996).",
      "journal-title": "Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF35037500_CR28",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "565",
      "DOI": "10.1104/pp.100.2.565",
      "volume": "100",
      "author": "RM Greene",
      "year": "1992",
      "unstructured": "Greene, R. M., Geider, R. J., Kolber, Z. & Falkowski, P. G. Iron-induced changes in light-harvesting and photochemical energy conversion processes in eukaryotic marine algae. Plant Physiol.  100, 565\u2013575 (1992).",
      "journal-title": "Plant Physiol."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF35037500_CR29",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "259",
      "DOI": "10.1023/A:1006138630573",
      "volume": "58",
      "author": "MJ Behrenfeld",
      "year": "1999",
      "unstructured": "Behrenfeld, M. J., Prasil, O., Kolber, Z. S., Babin, M. & Falkowski, P. G. Compensatory changes in photosystem II electron turnover rates protect photosynthesis from photoinhibition.  Photosynth. Res. 58, 259\u2013268 (1999).",
      "journal-title": "Photosynth. Res."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF35037500_CR30",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "585",
      "DOI": "10.1038/33374",
      "volume": "392",
      "author": "PJ Neale",
      "year": "1998",
      "unstructured": "Neale, P. J., Davis, R. F. & Cullen, J. J. Interactive effects of ozone depletion and vertical mixing on photosynthesis of Antarctic phytoplankton. Nature  392, 585\u2013589 (1998).",
      "journal-title": "Nature"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF35037500_CR31",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "389",
      "DOI": "10.1038/37093",
      "volume": "390",
      "author": "WG Sunda",
      "year": "1997",
      "unstructured": "Sunda, W. G. & Huntsman, S. A. Interrelated influence of iron, light and cell size on marine phytoplankton growth. Nature  390, 389\u2013392 (1997).",
      "journal-title": "Nature"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF35037500_CR32",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "471",
      "DOI": "10.1007/BF00233138",
      "volume": "13",
      "author": "RK Laubscher",
      "year": "1993",
      "unstructured": "Laubscher, R. K., Perissinotto, R. & McQuaid, C. D. Phytoplankton production and biomass at frontal zones in the Atlantic Sector of the Southern Ocean. Polar Biol.  13, 471\u2013481 (1993).",
      "journal-title": "Polar Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF35037500_CR33",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "730",
      "DOI": "10.1038/35037561",
      "volume": "407",
      "author": "AJ Watson",
      "year": "2000",
      "unstructured": "Watson, A. J., Bakker, D. C. E., Ridgwell, A. J., Boyd, P. W. & Law, C. S. Effect of iron supply on Southern Ocean CO2 uptake and implications for glacial atmospheric CO 2. Nature 407, 730\u2013 733 (2000).",
      "journal-title": "Nature"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF35037500_CR34",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "561",
      "DOI": "10.1038/31203",
      "volume": "393",
      "author": "DA Hutchins",
      "year": "1998",
      "unstructured": "Hutchins, D. A. & Bruland, K. W. Iron limited diatom growth and Si:N uptake ratios in a coastal upwelling regime.  Nature 393, 561\u2013564 ( 1998).",
      "journal-title": "Nature"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF35037500_CR35",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "277",
      "DOI": "10.3354/meps130277",
      "volume": "130",
      "author": "P Verity",
      "year": "1996",
      "unstructured": "Verity, P. & Smetacek, V. Organism life cycles, predation, and the structure of marine pelagic ecosystems. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 130, 277\u2013293 ( 1996).",
      "journal-title": "Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF35037500_CR36",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "894",
      "DOI": "10.1038/43168",
      "volume": "387",
      "author": "GV Wolfe",
      "year": "1997",
      "unstructured": "Wolfe, G. V., Steinke, M. & Kirst, G. O. Grazing-activated chemical defence in a unicellular marine alga. Nature 387, 894\u2013 897 (1997).",
      "journal-title": "Nature"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF35037500_CR37",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "420",
      "DOI": "10.1038/353420a0",
      "volume": "353",
      "author": "KO Buesseler",
      "year": "1991",
      "unstructured": "Buesseler, K. O. Do upper-ocean sediment traps provide an accurate record of particle flux? Nature 353, 420\u2013423 (1991).",
      "journal-title": "Nature"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF35037500_CR38",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "615",
      "DOI": "10.1104/pp.114.2.615",
      "volume": "114",
      "author": "RML McKay",
      "year": "1997",
      "unstructured": "McKay, R. M. L., Geider, R. J. & LaRoche, J. Physiological and biochemical response of the photosynthetic apparatus of two marine diatoms to Fe stress. Plant Physiol.  114, 615\u2013622 (1997).",
      "journal-title": "Plant Physiol."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF35037500_CR39",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "2447",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0967-0645(99)00071-5",
      "volume": "46",
      "author": "MT Maldonado",
      "year": "1999",
      "unstructured": "Maldonado, M. T. & Price, N. M. Utilization of iron bound to strong organic ligands by phytoplankton communities in the subarctic Pacific Ocean. Deep-Sea Res. II 46, 2447 \u20132474 (1999).",
      "journal-title": "Deep-Sea Res. II"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF35037500_CR40",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "727",
      "DOI": "10.1038/35037555",
      "volume": "407",
      "author": "ER Abraham",
      "year": "2000",
      "unstructured": "Abraham, E. R.  et al. Importance of stirring in the development of an iron-fertilized phytoplankton bloom. Nature 407, 727\u2013 730 (2000).",
      "journal-title": "Nature"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF35037500_CR41",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "56",
      "DOI": "10.5670/oceanog.1991.03",
      "volume": "4",
      "author": "FMM Morel",
      "year": "1991",
      "unstructured": "Morel, F. M. M., Reuter, J. G. & Price, N. M. Iron nutrition of phytoplankton and its possible importance in the ecology of ocean regions with high nutrient and low biomass. Oceanography 4, 56\u201361 (1991).",
      "journal-title": "Oceanography"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF35037500_CR42",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "63",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0967-0637(98)00066-1",
      "volume": "46",
      "author": "PW Boyd",
      "year": "1999",
      "unstructured": "Boyd, P. W. & Newton, P. P. Does planktonic community structure determine downward particulate organic carbon flux in different oceanic provinces. Deep-Sea Res. I 46, 63\u2013 91 (1999).",
      "journal-title": "Deep-Sea Res. I"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF35037500_CR43",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "20657",
      "DOI": "10.1029/96JC01734",
      "volume": "101",
      "author": "A Obata",
      "year": "1998",
      "unstructured": "Obata, A., J. Ishizaka & Endoh, M. Global verification of critical depth theory for phytoplankton blooms with climatological in situ temperature and satellite ocean color data. J. Geophys. Res. 101, 20657\u2013 20667 (1998).",
      "journal-title": "J. Geophys. Res."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF35037500_CR44",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "1919",
      "DOI": "10.4319/lo.1991.36.8.1919",
      "volume": "36",
      "author": "T-H Peng",
      "year": "1991",
      "unstructured": "Peng, T.-H. & Broecker, W. S. Factors limiting the reduction of atmospheric CO2 by iron fertilisation. Limnol. Oceanogr.  36, 1919\u20131927 ( 1991).",
      "journal-title": "Limnol. Oceanogr."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF35037500_CR45",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "16839",
      "DOI": "10.1029/91JC01754",
      "volume": "96",
      "author": "JKB Bishop",
      "year": "1991",
      "unstructured": "Bishop, J. K. B. & Rossow, W. R. Spatial and temporal variability of global surface solar irradiance. J.\u00a0Geophys. Res. 96, 16839\u201316858 ( 1991).",
      "journal-title": "J.\u00a0Geophys. Res."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF35037500_CR46",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "1742",
      "DOI": "10.1175/1520-0485(1990)020<1742:TMACIG>2.0.CO;2",
      "volume": "20",
      "author": "KE Trenberth",
      "year": "1990",
      "unstructured": "Trenberth, K. E., Large, W. G. & Olson, J. G. The mean annual cycle in global ocean wind stress. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 20, 1742\u2013 1760 (1990).",
      "journal-title": "J. Phys. Oceanogr."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF35037500_CR47",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "1465",
      "DOI": "10.1029/1999GL900242",
      "volume": "26",
      "author": "JK Moore",
      "year": "1999",
      "unstructured": "Moore, J. K.  et al. SeaWiFS satellite ocean color data from the Southern Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett. 26, 1465\u2013 1468 (1999).",
      "journal-title": "Geophys. Res. Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF35037500_CR48",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "1197",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0198-0149(90)90038-W",
      "volume": "37",
      "author": "GA Jackson",
      "year": "1990",
      "unstructured": "Jackson, G. A. A model of the formation of marine algal flocs by physical coagulation processes. Deep-Sea Res. 37, 1197\u2013 1211 (1990).",
      "journal-title": "Deep-Sea Res."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF35037500_CR49",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "57",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0304-4203(94)90062-0",
      "volume": "48",
      "author": "CS Law",
      "year": "1994",
      "unstructured": "Law, C. S., Watson, A. J. & Liddicoat, M. I. Automated vacuum analysis of sulphur hexafluoride in seawater; derivation of the atmospheric trend (1970-1993) and potential as a transient tracer. Mar. Chem. 48, 57 \u201369 (1994).",
      "journal-title": "Mar. Chem."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF35037500_CR50",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "405",
      "DOI": "10.1093/plankt/21.3.405",
      "volume": "21",
      "author": "JM Bradford-Grieve",
      "year": "1999",
      "unstructured": "Bradford-Grieve, J. M.  et al. Pelagic ecosystem structure and functioning in the Subtropical Front region east of New Zealand in austral winter and spring 1993.  J. Plank. Res. 21, 405\u2013428 (1999).",
      "journal-title": "J. Plank. Res."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF35037500_CR51",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "544",
      "DOI": "10.4319/lo.1982.27.3.0544",
      "volume": "27",
      "author": "SE Fitzwater",
      "year": "1982",
      "unstructured": "Fitzwater, S. E., Knauer, G. A. & Martin, J. H. Metal contamination and its effect on primary production methods. Limnol. Oceanogr. 27, 544\u2013 551 (1982).",
      "journal-title": "Limnol. Oceanogr."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF35037500_CR52",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "2475",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0967-0645(99)00072-7",
      "volume": "46",
      "author": "M Maldonado",
      "year": "1999",
      "unstructured": "Maldonado, M., Boyd, P. W., Price N. M. & Harrison, P. J. Co-limitation of phytoplankton by light and Fe during winter in the NE subarctic Pacific Ocean. Deep-Sea Res. II 46, 2475\u2013 2486 (1999).",
      "journal-title": "Deep-Sea Res. II"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF35037500_CR53",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "1044",
      "DOI": "10.4319/lo.1994.39.5.1044",
      "volume": "39",
      "author": "DJS Montagnes",
      "year": "1994",
      "unstructured": "Montagnes, D. J. S., Berges, J. A., Harrison, P. J. & Taylor, F. J. R. Estimating carbon, nitrogen, protein and chlorophyll a from volume in marine phytoplankton. Limnol. Oceanogr. 39, 1044\u20131060 (1994).",
      "journal-title": "Limnol. Oceanogr."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF35037500_CR54",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "119",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0031-0182(97)00061-8",
      "volume": "132",
      "author": "BN Popp",
      "year": "1997",
      "unstructured": "Popp, B. N., Parekh, P., Tilbrook, B., Bidigare, R. R. & Laws, E. A. Organic carbon \u03b413C variations in sedimentary rocks as chemostratigraphic and paleoenvironmental tools.  Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 132, 119\u2013 132 (1997).",
      "journal-title": "Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol."
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "Nature",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "http://www.nature.com/articles/35037500.pdf",
      "content-type": "application/pdf",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "text-mining"
    },
    {
      "URL": "http://www.nature.com/articles/35037500",
      "content-type": "text/html",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "text-mining"
    },
    {
      "URL": "http://www.nature.com/articles/35037500.pdf",
      "content-type": "application/pdf",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "similarity-checking"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2023,
        5,
        17
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2023-05-17T02:10:05Z",
    "timestamp": 1684289405000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://www.nature.com/articles/35037500"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2000,
        10
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 54,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "6805",
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2000,
          10
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "alternative-id": [
    "BF35037500"
  ],
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35037500",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "0028-0836",
    "1476-4687"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "container-title-short": "Nature",
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2000,
        10
      ]
    ]
  }
}