DOI: 10.1038/349596a0. Liquid crystallinity of natural silk secretions

Liquid crystallinity of natural silk secretions

10.1038/349596a0

Crossref journal-article

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Nature (297)

Bibliography

Kerkam, K., Viney, C., Kaplan, D., & Lombardi, S. (1991). Liquid crystallinity of natural silk secretions. Nature, 349(6310), 596â598.

Authors 4

Keven Kerkam (first)
Christopher Viney (additional)
David Kaplan (additional)
Stephen Lombardi (additional)

References 30 Referenced 188

Denny, M. J. exp. Biol. 65, 483–506 (1976). (10.1242/jeb.65.2.483) / J. exp. Biol. by M Denny (1976)
Calvert, P. Nature 340, 266 (1989). (10.1038/340266a0) / Nature by P Calvert (1989)
Vollrath, F. & Edmonds, D. T. Nature 340, 305–307 (1989). (10.1038/340305a0) / Nature by F Vollrath (1989)
Gosline, J. M., Denny, M. W. & DeMont, M. E. Nature 309, 551–552 (1984). (10.1038/309551a0) / Nature by JM Gosline (1984)
Prevorsek, D. C. in Polymer Liquid Crystals (eds Ciferri, A., Krigbaum, W. R. & Meyer, R. B.) Ch, 12 (Academic, New York, 1982). / Polymer Liquid Crystals by DC Prevorsek (1982)
Lucas, F. & Rudall, K. M. in Comprehensive Biochemistry (eds Florkin, M. & Stotz, E. H.) Vol. 26B, Ch. 7 (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1968). / Comprehensive Biochemistry by F Lucas (1968)
Magoshi, J., Magoshi, Y. & Nakamura, S. J. appl.Polym. Sci.: appl. Polym. Symp. 41, 187–204 (1985). / J. appl.Polym. Sci.: appl. Polym. Symp. by J Magoshi (1985)
Magoshi, J., Magoshi, Y. & Nakamura, S. Polym. Comm. 26, 60–61 (1985). / Polym. Comm. by J Magoshi (1985)
Li, G. & Yu, T. Makromol. Chem. Rapid Comm. 10, 387–389 (1989). (10.1002/marc.1989.030100802) / Makromol. Chem. Rapid Comm. by G Li (1989)
Elliot, A. & Ambrose, E. J. Discuss. Faraday Soc. 9, 246–251 (1950). (10.1039/df9500900246) / Discuss. Faraday Soc. by A Elliot (1950)
Viney, C., Donald, A. M. & Windle, A. H. Polymer 26, 870–878 (1985). (10.1016/0032-3861(85)90130-2) / Polymer by C Viney (1985)
Tsuda, M. & Suzuki, Y. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80, 7442–7446 (1983). (10.1073/pnas.80.24.7442) / Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. by M Tsuda (1983)
Tamura, T. & Sakate, S. Insect Biochem. 18, 169–175 (1988). (10.1016/0020-1790(88)90021-2) / Insect Biochem. by T Tamura (1988)
Lombardi, S. J. & Kaplan, D. L. Polym. Preprints 31(1), 195–196 (1990). / Polym. Preprints by SJ Lombardi (1990)
Billmeyer, F. W. Textbook of Polymer Science Ch. 18 (Wiley, New York, 1984). / Textbook of Polymer Science by FW Billmeyer (1984)
Lizuka, E. J. appl. Polym. Sci.: appl. Polym. Symp. 41, 173–185 (1985). / J. appl. Polym. Sci.: appl. Polym. Symp. by E Lizuka (1985)
Dobb, M. G. & McIntyre, J. E. Adv. Polym. Sci. 60/61, 61–98 (1984). (10.1007/3-540-12994-4_2) / Adv. Polym. Sci. by MG Dobb (1984)
Demus, D. & Richter, L. Textures of Liquid Crystals (Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1978). / Textures of Liquid Crystals by D Demus (1978)
Lucas, F. Discovery 25, 20–26 (1964). / Discovery by F Lucas (1964)
de Gennes, P. G. The Physics of Liquid Crystals Ch. 4 (Oxford University Press, 1979). / The Physics of Liquid Crystals by PG de Gennes (1979)
Gray, G. W. & Goodby, J. W. Smectic Liquid Crystals: Textures and Structures 58 (Leonard Hill, Glasgow, 1984) / Smectic Liquid Crystals: Textures and Structures by GW Gray (1984)
Zheng, S., Li, G., Yao, W. & Yu, T. Appl. Spectrosc. 43, 1269–1272 (1989). (10.1366/0003702894203525) / Appl. Spectrosc. by S Zheng (1989)
Wilson, R. S. Q. J. microsc. Sci. 104, 557–571 (1962). / Q. J. microsc. Sci. by RS Wilson (1962)
Donald, A. M., Viney, C. & Windle, A. H. Polymer 24, 155–159 (1983). (10.1016/0032-3861(83)90126-X) / Polymer by AM Donald (1983)
Marsano, E., Carpaneto, L. & Ciferri, A. Molec. Cryst. liq. Cryst. 158B, 267–278 (1988). / Molec. Cryst. liq. Cryst. by E Marsano (1988)
Fried, F. & Sixou, P. Molec. Cryst. liq. Cryst. 158B, 163–184 (1988) / Molec. Cryst. liq. Cryst. by F Fried (1988)
Ernst, B. & Navard, P. Macromolecules 22, 1419–1422 (1989). (10.1021/ma00193a069) / Macromolecules by B Ernst (1989)
Dobb, M. G., Johnson, D. J. & Saville, B. P. J. Polym. Sci.: Polym. Symp. 58, 237–251 (1977). / J. Polym. Sci.: Polym. Symp. by MG Dobb (1977)
Roche, E. J., Allen, S. R., Fincher, C. R. & Paulson, C. Molec. Cryst. liq. Cryst. 153, 547–552 (1987). / Molec. Cryst. liq. Cryst. by EJ Roche (1987)
Cokendolpher, J. C. & Brown, J. D. Ent. News 96, 114–118 (1985). / Ent. News by JC Cokendolpher (1985)

Dates

Type	When
Created	22 years, 2 months ago (June 12, 2003, 7:02 p.m.)
Deposited	2 years, 3 months ago (May 16, 2023, 9:44 p.m.)
Indexed	2 months, 2 weeks ago (June 16, 2025, 9:29 a.m.)
Issued	34 years, 6 months ago (Feb. 1, 1991)
Published	34 years, 6 months ago (Feb. 1, 1991)
Published Print	34 years, 6 months ago (Feb. 1, 1991)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Kerkam_1991, title={Liquid crystallinity of natural silk secretions}, volume={349}, ISSN={1476-4687}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/349596a0}, DOI={10.1038/349596a0}, number={6310}, journal={Nature}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Kerkam, Keven and Viney, Christopher and Kaplan, David and Lombardi, Stephen}, year={1991}, month=feb, pages={596–598} }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2025,
        6,
        16
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2025-06-16T13:29:32Z",
    "timestamp": 1750080572605
  },
  "reference-count": 30,
  "publisher": "Springer Science and Business Media LLC",
  "issue": "6310",
  "license": [
    {
      "start": {
        "date-parts": [
          [
            1991,
            2,
            1
          ]
        ],
        "date-time": "1991-02-01T00:00:00Z",
        "timestamp": 665366400000
      },
      "content-version": "tdm",
      "delay-in-days": 0,
      "URL": "http://www.springer.com/tdm"
    }
  ],
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [],
    "crossmark-restriction": false
  },
  "published-print": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1991,
        2
      ]
    ]
  },
  "DOI": "10.1038/349596a0",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2003,
        6,
        12
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2003-06-12T23:02:59Z",
    "timestamp": 1055458979000
  },
  "page": "596-598",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 188,
  "title": "Liquid crystallinity of natural silk secretions",
  "prefix": "10.1038",
  "volume": "349",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "Keven",
      "family": "Kerkam",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Christopher",
      "family": "Viney",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "David",
      "family": "Kaplan",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Stephen",
      "family": "Lombardi",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    }
  ],
  "member": "297",
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "BF349596a0_CR1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "483",
      "DOI": "10.1242/jeb.65.2.483",
      "volume": "65",
      "author": "M Denny",
      "year": "1976",
      "unstructured": "Denny, M. J. exp. Biol. 65, 483\u2013506 (1976).",
      "journal-title": "J. exp. Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF349596a0_CR2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "266",
      "DOI": "10.1038/340266a0",
      "volume": "340",
      "author": "P Calvert",
      "year": "1989",
      "unstructured": "Calvert, P. Nature 340, 266 (1989).",
      "journal-title": "Nature"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF349596a0_CR3",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "305",
      "DOI": "10.1038/340305a0",
      "volume": "340",
      "author": "F Vollrath",
      "year": "1989",
      "unstructured": "Vollrath, F. & Edmonds, D. T. Nature 340, 305\u2013307 (1989).",
      "journal-title": "Nature"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF349596a0_CR4",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "551",
      "DOI": "10.1038/309551a0",
      "volume": "309",
      "author": "JM Gosline",
      "year": "1984",
      "unstructured": "Gosline, J. M., Denny, M. W. & DeMont, M. E. Nature 309, 551\u2013552 (1984).",
      "journal-title": "Nature"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF349596a0_CR5",
      "volume-title": "Polymer Liquid Crystals",
      "author": "DC Prevorsek",
      "year": "1982",
      "unstructured": "Prevorsek, D. C. in Polymer Liquid Crystals (eds Ciferri, A., Krigbaum, W. R. & Meyer, R. B.) Ch, 12 (Academic, New York, 1982)."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF349596a0_CR6",
      "volume-title": "Comprehensive Biochemistry",
      "author": "F Lucas",
      "year": "1968",
      "unstructured": "Lucas, F. & Rudall, K. M. in Comprehensive Biochemistry (eds Florkin, M. & Stotz, E. H.) Vol. 26B, Ch. 7 (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1968)."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF349596a0_CR7",
      "first-page": "187",
      "volume": "41",
      "author": "J Magoshi",
      "year": "1985",
      "unstructured": "Magoshi, J., Magoshi, Y. & Nakamura, S. J. appl.Polym. Sci.: appl. Polym. Symp. 41, 187\u2013204 (1985).",
      "journal-title": "J. appl.Polym. Sci.: appl. Polym. Symp."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF349596a0_CR8",
      "first-page": "60",
      "volume": "26",
      "author": "J Magoshi",
      "year": "1985",
      "unstructured": "Magoshi, J., Magoshi, Y. & Nakamura, S. Polym. Comm. 26, 60\u201361 (1985).",
      "journal-title": "Polym. Comm."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF349596a0_CR9",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "387",
      "DOI": "10.1002/marc.1989.030100802",
      "volume": "10",
      "author": "G Li",
      "year": "1989",
      "unstructured": "Li, G. & Yu, T. Makromol. Chem. Rapid Comm. 10, 387\u2013389 (1989).",
      "journal-title": "Makromol. Chem. Rapid Comm."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF349596a0_CR10",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "246",
      "DOI": "10.1039/df9500900246",
      "volume": "9",
      "author": "A Elliot",
      "year": "1950",
      "unstructured": "Elliot, A. & Ambrose, E. J. Discuss. Faraday Soc. 9, 246\u2013251 (1950).",
      "journal-title": "Discuss. Faraday Soc."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF349596a0_CR11",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "870",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0032-3861(85)90130-2",
      "volume": "26",
      "author": "C Viney",
      "year": "1985",
      "unstructured": "Viney, C., Donald, A. M. & Windle, A. H. Polymer 26, 870\u2013878 (1985).",
      "journal-title": "Polymer"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF349596a0_CR12",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "7442",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.80.24.7442",
      "volume": "80",
      "author": "M Tsuda",
      "year": "1983",
      "unstructured": "Tsuda, M. & Suzuki, Y. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80, 7442\u20137446 (1983).",
      "journal-title": "Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF349596a0_CR13",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "169",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0020-1790(88)90021-2",
      "volume": "18",
      "author": "T Tamura",
      "year": "1988",
      "unstructured": "Tamura, T. & Sakate, S. Insect Biochem. 18, 169\u2013175 (1988).",
      "journal-title": "Insect Biochem."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF349596a0_CR14",
      "first-page": "195",
      "volume": "31",
      "author": "SJ Lombardi",
      "year": "1990",
      "unstructured": "Lombardi, S. J. & Kaplan, D. L. Polym. Preprints 31(1), 195\u2013196 (1990).",
      "journal-title": "Polym. Preprints"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF349596a0_CR15",
      "volume-title": "Textbook of Polymer Science",
      "author": "FW Billmeyer",
      "year": "1984",
      "unstructured": "Billmeyer, F. W. Textbook of Polymer Science Ch. 18 (Wiley, New York, 1984)."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF349596a0_CR16",
      "first-page": "173",
      "volume": "41",
      "author": "E Lizuka",
      "year": "1985",
      "unstructured": "Lizuka, E. J. appl. Polym. Sci.: appl. Polym. Symp. 41, 173\u2013185 (1985).",
      "journal-title": "J. appl. Polym. Sci.: appl. Polym. Symp."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF349596a0_CR17",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "61",
      "DOI": "10.1007/3-540-12994-4_2",
      "volume": "60/61",
      "author": "MG Dobb",
      "year": "1984",
      "unstructured": "Dobb, M. G. & McIntyre, J. E. Adv. Polym. Sci. 60/61, 61\u201398 (1984).",
      "journal-title": "Adv. Polym. Sci."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF349596a0_CR18",
      "volume-title": "Textures of Liquid Crystals",
      "author": "D Demus",
      "year": "1978",
      "unstructured": "Demus, D. & Richter, L. Textures of Liquid Crystals (Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1978)."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF349596a0_CR19",
      "first-page": "20",
      "volume": "25",
      "author": "F Lucas",
      "year": "1964",
      "unstructured": "Lucas, F. Discovery 25, 20\u201326 (1964).",
      "journal-title": "Discovery"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF349596a0_CR20",
      "volume-title": "The Physics of Liquid Crystals",
      "author": "PG de Gennes",
      "year": "1979",
      "unstructured": "de Gennes, P. G. The Physics of Liquid Crystals Ch. 4 (Oxford University Press, 1979)."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF349596a0_CR21",
      "first-page": "58",
      "volume-title": "Smectic Liquid Crystals: Textures and Structures",
      "author": "GW Gray",
      "year": "1984",
      "unstructured": "Gray, G. W. & Goodby, J. W. Smectic Liquid Crystals: Textures and Structures 58 (Leonard Hill, Glasgow, 1984)"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF349596a0_CR22",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "1269",
      "DOI": "10.1366/0003702894203525",
      "volume": "43",
      "author": "S Zheng",
      "year": "1989",
      "unstructured": "Zheng, S., Li, G., Yao, W. & Yu, T. Appl. Spectrosc. 43, 1269\u20131272 (1989).",
      "journal-title": "Appl. Spectrosc."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF349596a0_CR23",
      "first-page": "557",
      "volume": "104",
      "author": "RS Wilson",
      "year": "1962",
      "unstructured": "Wilson, R. S. Q. J. microsc. Sci. 104, 557\u2013571 (1962).",
      "journal-title": "Q. J. microsc. Sci."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF349596a0_CR24",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "155",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0032-3861(83)90126-X",
      "volume": "24",
      "author": "AM Donald",
      "year": "1983",
      "unstructured": "Donald, A. M., Viney, C. & Windle, A. H. Polymer 24, 155\u2013159 (1983).",
      "journal-title": "Polymer"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF349596a0_CR25",
      "first-page": "267",
      "volume": "158B",
      "author": "E Marsano",
      "year": "1988",
      "unstructured": "Marsano, E., Carpaneto, L. & Ciferri, A. Molec. Cryst. liq. Cryst. 158B, 267\u2013278 (1988).",
      "journal-title": "Molec. Cryst. liq. Cryst."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF349596a0_CR26",
      "first-page": "163",
      "volume": "158B",
      "author": "F Fried",
      "year": "1988",
      "unstructured": "Fried, F. & Sixou, P. Molec. Cryst. liq. Cryst. 158B, 163\u2013184 (1988)",
      "journal-title": "Molec. Cryst. liq. Cryst."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF349596a0_CR27",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "1419",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ma00193a069",
      "volume": "22",
      "author": "B Ernst",
      "year": "1989",
      "unstructured": "Ernst, B. & Navard, P. Macromolecules 22, 1419\u20131422 (1989).",
      "journal-title": "Macromolecules"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF349596a0_CR28",
      "first-page": "237",
      "volume": "58",
      "author": "MG Dobb",
      "year": "1977",
      "unstructured": "Dobb, M. G., Johnson, D. J. & Saville, B. P. J. Polym. Sci.: Polym. Symp. 58, 237\u2013251 (1977).",
      "journal-title": "J. Polym. Sci.: Polym. Symp."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF349596a0_CR29",
      "first-page": "547",
      "volume": "153",
      "author": "EJ Roche",
      "year": "1987",
      "unstructured": "Roche, E. J., Allen, S. R., Fincher, C. R. & Paulson, C. Molec. Cryst. liq. Cryst. 153, 547\u2013552 (1987).",
      "journal-title": "Molec. Cryst. liq. Cryst."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF349596a0_CR30",
      "first-page": "114",
      "volume": "96",
      "author": "JC Cokendolpher",
      "year": "1985",
      "unstructured": "Cokendolpher, J. C. & Brown, J. D. Ent. News 96, 114\u2013118 (1985).",
      "journal-title": "Ent. News"
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "Nature",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "http://www.nature.com/articles/349596a0",
      "content-type": "text/html",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "text-mining"
    },
    {
      "URL": "http://www.nature.com/articles/349596a0.pdf",
      "content-type": "application/pdf",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "text-mining"
    },
    {
      "URL": "http://www.nature.com/articles/349596a0.pdf",
      "content-type": "application/pdf",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "similarity-checking"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2023,
        5,
        17
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2023-05-17T01:44:50Z",
    "timestamp": 1684287890000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://www.nature.com/articles/349596a0"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1991,
        2
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 30,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "6310",
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          1991,
          2
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "alternative-id": [
    "BF349596a0"
  ],
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/349596a0",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "0028-0836",
    "1476-4687"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "container-title-short": "Nature",
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1991,
        2
      ]
    ]
  }
}