DOI: 10.1038/334309a0. Phase transitions of stored laser-cooled ions

Phase transitions of stored laser-cooled ions

10.1038/334309a0

Crossref journal-article

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Nature (297)

Authors 7

R. Blümel (first)
J. M. Chen (additional)
E. Peik (additional)
W. Quint (additional)
W. Schleich (additional)
Y. R. Shen (additional)
H. Walther (additional)

References 53 Referenced 184

Föppl, L. J. reine angew. Math. 141, 251–302 (1912). (10.1515/crll.1912.141.251) / J. reine angew. Math. by L Föppl (1912)
Debye, P. & Hückel, E. Phys. Zeitschr. 24, 185–206 (1923). / Phys. Zeitschr. by P Debye (1923)
Wigner, E. P. Trans. Faraday Soc. 34, 678–685 (1938). (10.1039/tf9383400678) / Trans. Faraday Soc. by EP Wigner (1938)
Paul, W., Osberghaus, O. & Fischer, E. Ein Ionenkäfig Forschungsberichte des Wirtschafts-und Verkehrsministeriums Nordrhein-Westfalen 415 (1958). (10.1007/978-3-663-04689-9)
Fischer, E. Z. Phys. 156, 1–26 (1959). (10.1007/BF01332512) / Z. Phys. by E Fischer (1959)
Wuerker, R. F., Shelton, H. & Langmuir, R. V. J. appl. Phys. 30, 342–349 (1959). (10.1063/1.1735165) / J. appl. Phys. by RF Wuerker (1959)
Bollinger, J. J. & Wineland, D. J. Phys. Rev. Lett. 53, 348–351 (1984). (10.1103/PhysRevLett.53.348) / Phys. Rev. Lett. by JJ Bollinger (1984)
Brewer, L. R., Prestage, J. D., Bollinger, J. J. & Wineland, D. J. in Strongly Coupled Plasma Physics (ed. Rogers, F. J. & DeWitt, H. E.) 53–64 (Plenum, New York, 1987). (10.1007/978-1-4613-1891-0_6) / Strongly Coupled Plasma Physics by LR Brewer (1987)
Dehmelt, H. G. in Adv. atom. molec. Phys. Vol. 3, 53–72 (ed. Bates, D. R. & Estermann, I.) (Academic, New York, 1967). / Adv. atom. molec. Phys. by HG Dehmelt (1967)
Penning, F. M. Physica 3, 873 (1936). (10.1016/S0031-8914(36)80313-9) / Physica by FM Penning (1936)
Wineland, D. J. & Itano, W. M. Phys. Rev. A20, 1521–1540 (1979). (10.1103/PhysRevA.20.1521) / Phys. Rev. by DJ Wineland (1979)
Javanainen, J. J. appl. Phys. 23, 175–182 (1980). (10.1007/BF00899714) / J. appl. Phys. by J Javanainen (1980)
Stenholm, S. Rev. mod. Phys. 58, 699–739 (1986). (10.1103/RevModPhys.58.699) / Rev. mod. Phys. by S Stenholm (1986)
Pollock, E. L. & Hansen, J. P. Phys. Rev. A8, 3110–3122 (1973). (10.1103/PhysRevA.8.3110) / Phys. Rev. by EL Pollock (1973)
Slattery, W. L., Doolen, G. D. & DeWitt, H. E. Phys. Rev. A21, 2087–2095 (1980). (10.1103/PhysRevA.21.2087) / Phys. Rev. by WL Slattery (1980)
Diedrich, F., Krause, J., Rempe, G., Scully, M. O. & Walther, H. in Laser Spectroscopy VIII (Springer Series in Optical Sciences 55, 133–138) (ed. Svanberg, S. & Person, W.) (Springer, Berlin, 1987). (10.1007/978-3-540-47973-4_34) / Laser Spectroscopy VIII by F Diedrich (1987)
Diedrich, F., Krause, J., Rempe, G., Scully, M. O. & Walther, H. in Proc. Fourth Int. Conf. on Multiphoton Processes, Boulder, Colorado, 1987 (ed. Smith, S. & Knight, P.) (Cambridge University Press, New York, in the press).
Diedrich, F., Peik, E., Chen, J. M., Quint, W. & Walther, H. Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 2931–2934 (1987). (10.1103/PhysRevLett.59.2931) / Phys. Rev. Lett. by F Diedrich (1987)
Diedrich, F., Peik, E., Chen, J. M., Quint, W. & Walther, H. Phys. Bl. 44, 12–15 (1988). (10.1002/phbl.19880440107) / Phys. Bl. by F Diedrich (1988)
Wineland, D. J., Bergquist, J. C., Itano, W. M., Bollinger, J. J. & Manney, C. H. Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 2935–2938 (1987). (10.1103/PhysRevLett.59.2935) / Phys. Rev. Lett. by DJ Wineland (1987)
Malmberg, J. H. & O'Neil, T. M. Phys. Rev. Lett. 39, 1333–1336 (1977). (10.1103/PhysRevLett.39.1333) / Phys. Rev. Lett. by JH Malmberg (1977)
Grimes, C. C. & Adams, G. Phys. Rev. Lett. 42, 795–798 (1979). (10.1103/PhysRevLett.42.795) / Phys. Rev. Lett. by CC Grimes (1979)
Deville, G., Valdes, A., Andrei, E. & Williams, F. B. I. Phys. Rev. Lett. 53, 588–591 (1984). (10.1103/PhysRevLett.53.588) / Phys. Rev. Lett. by G Deville (1984)
Gerhardts, R. Phys. Bl. 42, 23–25 (1986). (10.1002/phbl.19860420109) / Phys. Bl. by R Gerhardts (1986)
Mostowski, J. & Gajda, M. Acta phys. polonica A67, 783–802 (1985). / Acta phys. polonica by J Mostowski (1985)
Baklanov, E. V. & Chebotayev, V. P. Appl. Phys. B39, 179–181 (1986). (10.1007/BF00697416) / Appl. Phys. by EV Baklanov (1986)
Casdorff, R. & Blatt, R. Appl. Phys. B45, 175–182 (1988). (10.1007/BF00695288) / Appl. Phys. by R Casdorff (1988)
Javanainen, J. Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 1798–1801 (1986). (10.1103/PhysRevLett.56.1798) / Phys. Rev. Lett. by J Javanainen (1986)
Javanainen, J. J. opt. Soc. Am. B5, 73–81 (1988). (10.1364/JOSAB.5.000073) / J. opt. Soc. Am. by J Javanainen (1988)
Ichimaru, S. Rev. mod. Phys. 54, 1017–1059 (1982). (10.1103/RevModPhys.54.1017) / Rev. mod. Phys. by S Ichimaru (1982)
Totsuji, H. in Strongly Coupled Plasma Physics (ed. Rogers, F. J. & DeWitt, H. E.) (Plenum, New York, 1987). / Strongly Coupled Plasma Physics by H Totsuji (1987)
Habs, D. in Frontiers of Particle Beams (Springer, New York, 1988). / Frontiers of Particle Beams by D Habs (1988)
Rahman, A. & Schiffer, J. P. Phys. Rev. Lett. 57, 1133–1136 (1986). (10.1103/PhysRevLett.57.1133) / Phys. Rev. Lett. by A Rahman (1986)
Schiffer, J. P. & Poulsen, O. Europhys. Lett. 1, 55–59 (1986). (10.1209/0295-5075/1/2/003) / Europhys. Lett. by JP Schiffer (1986)
Neuhauser, W., Hohenstatt, M., Toschek, P., Dehmelt, H. Phys. Rev. Lett. 41, 233–236 (1978). (10.1103/PhysRevLett.41.233) / Phys. Rev. Lett. by W Neuhauser (1978)
Neuhauser, W., Hohenstatt, M., Toschek, P., Dehmelt, H. Phys. Rev. A22, 1137–1140 (1980). (10.1103/PhysRevA.22.1137) / Phys. Rev. by W Neuhauser (1980)
Dehmelt, H. G. in Advances in Laser Spectroscopy (ed. Arecchi, F. T, Strumia, F. & Walther, H.) 153–187 (Plenum, New York, 1983). (10.1007/978-1-4613-3715-7_6) / Advances in Laser Spectroscopy by HG Dehmelt (1983)
Wineland, D. J., Itano, W. M. & Van Dyck, R. S. in Adv. atom, molec. Phys. 19 (ed. Bates, D. R. & Bederson, B.) 135–186 (Academic, New York, 1983). / Adv. atom, molec. Phys. by DJ Wineland (1983)
Wineland, D. J. & Itano, W. M. Phys. Lett. 82A, 75–78 (1981). (10.1016/0375-9601(81)90942-7) / Phys. Lett. by DJ Wineland (1981)
Nagourney, W., Janik, G. & Dehmelt, H. G. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80, 643–646 (1983). (10.1073/pnas.80.2.643) / Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. by W Nagourney (1983)
Janik, G., Nagourney, W. & Dehmelt, H. G. J. opt. Soc. Am. B2, 1251–1257 (1985). (10.1364/JOSAB.2.001251) / J. opt. Soc. Am. by G Janik (1985)
Bergquist, J. C., Itano, W. M. & Wineland, D. J. Phys. Rev. A36, 428–430 (1987). (10.1103/PhysRevA.36.428) / J. Phys. Rev. by JC Bergquist (1987)
Dehmelt, H. G. IEEE Trans. Instrumn. Meast IM-31, 83–87 (1982). (10.1109/TIM.1982.6312526) / IEEE Trans. Instrumn. Meast by HG Dehmelt (1982)
Wineland, D. J., Itano, W. M., Bergquist, J. C., Bollinger, J. J. & Hemmati, H. Prog. Quant. Electr. 8, 139–142 (1984). (10.1016/0079-6727(84)90005-3) / Prog. Quant. Electr. by DJ Wineland (1984)
Paul, W. & Raether, M. Z. Phys. 140, 262–273 (1955). (10.1007/BF01328923) / Z. Phys. by W Paul (1955)
Diedrich, F. & Walther, H. Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 203–206 (1987). (10.1103/PhysRevLett.58.203) / Phys. Rev. Lett. by F Diedrich (1987)
Whittaker, E. T. & Watson, G. N. A Course of Modern Analysis (Cambridge University Press, 1927). / A Course of Modern Analysis by ET Whittaker (1927)
Loudon, R. The Quantum Theory of Light (Clarendon, Oxford, 1986). / The Quantum Theory of Light by R Loudon (1986)
Stoer, J. & Bulirsch, R. Einführung in die Numerische Mathematik Vol. 2 (Springer, Berlin, 1978). (10.1007/978-3-662-06866-3) / Einführung in die Numerische Mathematik by J Stoer (1978)
Schuster, H. G. Deterministic Chaos (Physik-Verlag, Weinheim, 1984). / Deterministic Chaos by HG Schuster (1984)
Delone, N. B., Zon, B. A. & Krainov, V. P. Zh. eksp. teor. Fiz. 75, 445–453 (1978); Soviet Phys. JETP 48, 223–227 (1978). / Zh. eksp. teor. Fiz. by NB Delone (1978)
Meerson, B. I., Oks, E. A. & Sasarov, P. V. Pis'ma Zh. eksp. teor. Fiz. 29, 79–82 (1979); JETP Lett. 29, 72–75 (1979). / Pis'ma Zh. eksp. teor. Fiz. by BI Meerson (1979)
Delone, N. B., Krainov, B. P. & Shepelyansky, D. L. Usp. Fiz. Nauk. 140, 355–392 (1983); Soviet Phys. Usp. 26, 551–572 (1983). (10.3367/UFNr.0140.198307a.0355) / Usp. Fiz. Nauk. by NB Delone (1983)

Dates

Type	When
Created	22 years ago (Aug. 11, 2003, 5:40 p.m.)
Deposited	2 years, 3 months ago (May 16, 2023, 9:42 p.m.)
Indexed	4 weeks ago (July 28, 2025, 5:59 p.m.)
Issued	37 years, 1 month ago (July 1, 1988)
Published	37 years, 1 month ago (July 1, 1988)
Published Online	37 years, 1 month ago (July 1, 1988)
Published Print	37 years, 1 month ago (July 1, 1988)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Bl_mel_1988, title={Phase transitions of stored laser-cooled ions}, volume={334}, ISSN={1476-4687}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/334309a0}, DOI={10.1038/334309a0}, number={6180}, journal={Nature}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Blümel, R. and Chen, J. M. and Peik, E. and Quint, W. and Schleich, W. and Shen, Y. R. and Walther, H.}, year={1988}, month=jul, pages={309–313} }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2025,
        7,
        28
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2025-07-28T21:59:53Z",
    "timestamp": 1753739993644
  },
  "reference-count": 53,
  "publisher": "Springer Science and Business Media LLC",
  "issue": "6180",
  "license": [
    {
      "start": {
        "date-parts": [
          [
            1988,
            7,
            1
          ]
        ],
        "date-time": "1988-07-01T00:00:00Z",
        "timestamp": 583718400000
      },
      "content-version": "tdm",
      "delay-in-days": 0,
      "URL": "http://www.springer.com/tdm"
    }
  ],
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [],
    "crossmark-restriction": false
  },
  "published-print": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1988,
        7
      ]
    ]
  },
  "DOI": "10.1038/334309a0",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2003,
        8,
        11
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2003-08-11T21:40:06Z",
    "timestamp": 1060638006000
  },
  "page": "309-313",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 184,
  "title": "Phase transitions of stored laser-cooled ions",
  "prefix": "10.1038",
  "volume": "334",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "R.",
      "family": "Bl\u00fcmel",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "J. M.",
      "family": "Chen",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "E.",
      "family": "Peik",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "W.",
      "family": "Quint",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "W.",
      "family": "Schleich",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Y. R.",
      "family": "Shen",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "H.",
      "family": "Walther",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    }
  ],
  "member": "297",
  "published-online": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1988,
        7,
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "BF334309a0_CR1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "251",
      "DOI": "10.1515/crll.1912.141.251",
      "volume": "141",
      "author": "L F\u00f6ppl",
      "year": "1912",
      "unstructured": "F\u00f6ppl, L. J. reine angew. Math. 141, 251\u2013302 (1912).",
      "journal-title": "J. reine angew. Math."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF334309a0_CR2",
      "first-page": "185",
      "volume": "24",
      "author": "P Debye",
      "year": "1923",
      "unstructured": "Debye, P. & H\u00fcckel, E. Phys. Zeitschr. 24, 185\u2013206 (1923).",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Zeitschr."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF334309a0_CR3",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "678",
      "DOI": "10.1039/tf9383400678",
      "volume": "34",
      "author": "EP Wigner",
      "year": "1938",
      "unstructured": "Wigner, E. P. Trans. Faraday Soc. 34, 678\u2013685 (1938).",
      "journal-title": "Trans. Faraday Soc."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF334309a0_CR4",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "unstructured": "Paul, W., Osberghaus, O. & Fischer, E. Ein Ionenk\u00e4fig Forschungsberichte des Wirtschafts-und Verkehrsministeriums Nordrhein-Westfalen 415 (1958).",
      "DOI": "10.1007/978-3-663-04689-9"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF334309a0_CR5",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1",
      "DOI": "10.1007/BF01332512",
      "volume": "156",
      "author": "E Fischer",
      "year": "1959",
      "unstructured": "Fischer, E. Z. Phys. 156, 1\u201326 (1959).",
      "journal-title": "Z. Phys."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF334309a0_CR6",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "342",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.1735165",
      "volume": "30",
      "author": "RF Wuerker",
      "year": "1959",
      "unstructured": "Wuerker, R. F., Shelton, H. & Langmuir, R. V. J. appl. Phys. 30, 342\u2013349 (1959).",
      "journal-title": "J. appl. Phys."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF334309a0_CR7",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "348",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.53.348",
      "volume": "53",
      "author": "JJ Bollinger",
      "year": "1984",
      "unstructured": "Bollinger, J. J. & Wineland, D. J. Phys. Rev. Lett. 53, 348\u2013351 (1984).",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Rev. Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF334309a0_CR8",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "53",
      "DOI": "10.1007/978-1-4613-1891-0_6",
      "volume-title": "Strongly Coupled Plasma Physics",
      "author": "LR Brewer",
      "year": "1987",
      "unstructured": "Brewer, L. R., Prestage, J. D., Bollinger, J. J. & Wineland, D. J. in Strongly Coupled Plasma Physics (ed. Rogers, F. J. & DeWitt, H. E.) 53\u201364 (Plenum, New York, 1987)."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF334309a0_CR9",
      "first-page": "53",
      "volume-title": "Adv. atom. molec. Phys.",
      "author": "HG Dehmelt",
      "year": "1967",
      "unstructured": "Dehmelt, H. G. in Adv. atom. molec. Phys. Vol. 3, 53\u201372 (ed. Bates, D. R. & Estermann, I.) (Academic, New York, 1967)."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF334309a0_CR10",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "873",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0031-8914(36)80313-9",
      "volume": "3",
      "author": "FM Penning",
      "year": "1936",
      "unstructured": "Penning, F. M. Physica 3, 873 (1936).",
      "journal-title": "Physica"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF334309a0_CR11",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1521",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevA.20.1521",
      "volume": "A20",
      "author": "DJ Wineland",
      "year": "1979",
      "unstructured": "Wineland, D. J. & Itano, W. M. Phys. Rev. A20, 1521\u20131540 (1979).",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Rev."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF334309a0_CR12",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "175",
      "DOI": "10.1007/BF00899714",
      "volume": "23",
      "author": "J Javanainen",
      "year": "1980",
      "unstructured": "Javanainen, J. J. appl. Phys. 23, 175\u2013182 (1980).",
      "journal-title": "J. appl. Phys."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF334309a0_CR13",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "699",
      "DOI": "10.1103/RevModPhys.58.699",
      "volume": "58",
      "author": "S Stenholm",
      "year": "1986",
      "unstructured": "Stenholm, S. Rev. mod. Phys. 58, 699\u2013739 (1986).",
      "journal-title": "Rev. mod. Phys."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF334309a0_CR14",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "3110",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevA.8.3110",
      "volume": "A8",
      "author": "EL Pollock",
      "year": "1973",
      "unstructured": "Pollock, E. L. & Hansen, J. P. Phys. Rev. A8, 3110\u20133122 (1973).",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Rev."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF334309a0_CR15",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2087",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevA.21.2087",
      "volume": "A21",
      "author": "WL Slattery",
      "year": "1980",
      "unstructured": "Slattery, W. L., Doolen, G. D. & DeWitt, H. E. Phys. Rev. A21, 2087\u20132095 (1980).",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Rev."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF334309a0_CR16",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "133",
      "DOI": "10.1007/978-3-540-47973-4_34",
      "volume-title": "Laser Spectroscopy VIII",
      "author": "F Diedrich",
      "year": "1987",
      "unstructured": "Diedrich, F., Krause, J., Rempe, G., Scully, M. O. & Walther, H. in Laser Spectroscopy VIII (Springer Series in Optical Sciences 55, 133\u2013138) (ed. Svanberg, S. & Person, W.) (Springer, Berlin, 1987)."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF334309a0_CR17",
      "unstructured": "Diedrich, F., Krause, J., Rempe, G., Scully, M. O. & Walther, H. in Proc. Fourth Int. Conf. on Multiphoton Processes, Boulder, Colorado, 1987 (ed. Smith, S. & Knight, P.) (Cambridge University Press, New York, in the press)."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF334309a0_CR18",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2931",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.59.2931",
      "volume": "59",
      "author": "F Diedrich",
      "year": "1987",
      "unstructured": "Diedrich, F., Peik, E., Chen, J. M., Quint, W. & Walther, H. Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 2931\u20132934 (1987).",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Rev. Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF334309a0_CR19",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "12",
      "DOI": "10.1002/phbl.19880440107",
      "volume": "44",
      "author": "F Diedrich",
      "year": "1988",
      "unstructured": "Diedrich, F., Peik, E., Chen, J. M., Quint, W. & Walther, H. Phys. Bl. 44, 12\u201315 (1988).",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Bl."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF334309a0_CR20",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2935",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.59.2935",
      "volume": "59",
      "author": "DJ Wineland",
      "year": "1987",
      "unstructured": "Wineland, D. J., Bergquist, J. C., Itano, W. M., Bollinger, J. J. & Manney, C. H. Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 2935\u20132938 (1987).",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Rev. Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF334309a0_CR21",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1333",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.39.1333",
      "volume": "39",
      "author": "JH Malmberg",
      "year": "1977",
      "unstructured": "Malmberg, J. H. & O'Neil, T. M. Phys. Rev. Lett. 39, 1333\u20131336 (1977).",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Rev. Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF334309a0_CR22",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "795",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.42.795",
      "volume": "42",
      "author": "CC Grimes",
      "year": "1979",
      "unstructured": "Grimes, C. C. & Adams, G. Phys. Rev. Lett. 42, 795\u2013798 (1979).",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Rev. Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF334309a0_CR23",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "588",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.53.588",
      "volume": "53",
      "author": "G Deville",
      "year": "1984",
      "unstructured": "Deville, G., Valdes, A., Andrei, E. & Williams, F. B. I. Phys. Rev. Lett. 53, 588\u2013591 (1984).",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Rev. Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF334309a0_CR24",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "23",
      "DOI": "10.1002/phbl.19860420109",
      "volume": "42",
      "author": "R Gerhardts",
      "year": "1986",
      "unstructured": "Gerhardts, R. Phys. Bl. 42, 23\u201325 (1986).",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Bl."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF334309a0_CR25",
      "first-page": "783",
      "volume": "A67",
      "author": "J Mostowski",
      "year": "1985",
      "unstructured": "Mostowski, J. & Gajda, M. Acta phys. polonica A67, 783\u2013802 (1985).",
      "journal-title": "Acta phys. polonica"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF334309a0_CR26",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "179",
      "DOI": "10.1007/BF00697416",
      "volume": "B39",
      "author": "EV Baklanov",
      "year": "1986",
      "unstructured": "Baklanov, E. V. & Chebotayev, V. P. Appl. Phys. B39, 179\u2013181 (1986).",
      "journal-title": "Appl. Phys."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF334309a0_CR27",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "175",
      "DOI": "10.1007/BF00695288",
      "volume": "B45",
      "author": "R Casdorff",
      "year": "1988",
      "unstructured": "Casdorff, R. & Blatt, R. Appl. Phys. B45, 175\u2013182 (1988).",
      "journal-title": "Appl. Phys."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF334309a0_CR28",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1798",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.56.1798",
      "volume": "56",
      "author": "J Javanainen",
      "year": "1986",
      "unstructured": "Javanainen, J. Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 1798\u20131801 (1986).",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Rev. Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF334309a0_CR29",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "73",
      "DOI": "10.1364/JOSAB.5.000073",
      "volume": "B5",
      "author": "J Javanainen",
      "year": "1988",
      "unstructured": "Javanainen, J. J. opt. Soc. Am. B5, 73\u201381 (1988).",
      "journal-title": "J. opt. Soc. Am."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF334309a0_CR30",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1017",
      "DOI": "10.1103/RevModPhys.54.1017",
      "volume": "54",
      "author": "S Ichimaru",
      "year": "1982",
      "unstructured": "Ichimaru, S. Rev. mod. Phys. 54, 1017\u20131059 (1982).",
      "journal-title": "Rev. mod. Phys."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF334309a0_CR31",
      "volume-title": "Strongly Coupled Plasma Physics",
      "author": "H Totsuji",
      "year": "1987",
      "unstructured": "Totsuji, H. in Strongly Coupled Plasma Physics (ed. Rogers, F. J. & DeWitt, H. E.) (Plenum, New York, 1987)."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF334309a0_CR32",
      "volume-title": "Frontiers of Particle Beams",
      "author": "D Habs",
      "year": "1988",
      "unstructured": "Habs, D. in Frontiers of Particle Beams (Springer, New York, 1988)."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF334309a0_CR33",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1133",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.57.1133",
      "volume": "57",
      "author": "A Rahman",
      "year": "1986",
      "unstructured": "Rahman, A. & Schiffer, J. P. Phys. Rev. Lett. 57, 1133\u20131136 (1986).",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Rev. Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF334309a0_CR34",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "55",
      "DOI": "10.1209/0295-5075/1/2/003",
      "volume": "1",
      "author": "JP Schiffer",
      "year": "1986",
      "unstructured": "Schiffer, J. P. & Poulsen, O. Europhys. Lett. 1, 55\u201359 (1986).",
      "journal-title": "Europhys. Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF334309a0_CR35",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "233",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.41.233",
      "volume": "41",
      "author": "W Neuhauser",
      "year": "1978",
      "unstructured": "Neuhauser, W., Hohenstatt, M., Toschek, P., Dehmelt, H. Phys. Rev. Lett. 41, 233\u2013236 (1978).",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Rev. Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF334309a0_CR36",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1137",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevA.22.1137",
      "volume": "A22",
      "author": "W Neuhauser",
      "year": "1980",
      "unstructured": "Neuhauser, W., Hohenstatt, M., Toschek, P., Dehmelt, H. Phys. Rev. A22, 1137\u20131140 (1980).",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Rev."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF334309a0_CR37",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "153",
      "DOI": "10.1007/978-1-4613-3715-7_6",
      "volume-title": "Advances in Laser Spectroscopy",
      "author": "HG Dehmelt",
      "year": "1983",
      "unstructured": "Dehmelt, H. G. in Advances in Laser Spectroscopy (ed. Arecchi, F. T, Strumia, F. & Walther, H.) 153\u2013187 (Plenum, New York, 1983)."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF334309a0_CR38",
      "first-page": "135",
      "volume-title": "Adv. atom, molec. Phys.",
      "author": "DJ Wineland",
      "year": "1983",
      "unstructured": "Wineland, D. J., Itano, W. M. & Van Dyck, R. S. in Adv. atom, molec. Phys. 19 (ed. Bates, D. R. & Bederson, B.) 135\u2013186 (Academic, New York, 1983)."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF334309a0_CR39",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "75",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0375-9601(81)90942-7",
      "volume": "82A",
      "author": "DJ Wineland",
      "year": "1981",
      "unstructured": "Wineland, D. J. & Itano, W. M. Phys. Lett. 82A, 75\u201378 (1981).",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF334309a0_CR40",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "643",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.80.2.643",
      "volume": "80",
      "author": "W Nagourney",
      "year": "1983",
      "unstructured": "Nagourney, W., Janik, G. & Dehmelt, H. G. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80, 643\u2013646 (1983).",
      "journal-title": "Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF334309a0_CR41",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1251",
      "DOI": "10.1364/JOSAB.2.001251",
      "volume": "B2",
      "author": "G Janik",
      "year": "1985",
      "unstructured": "Janik, G., Nagourney, W. & Dehmelt, H. G. J. opt. Soc. Am. B2, 1251\u20131257 (1985).",
      "journal-title": "J. opt. Soc. Am."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF334309a0_CR42",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "428",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevA.36.428",
      "volume": "A36",
      "author": "JC Bergquist",
      "year": "1987",
      "unstructured": "Bergquist, J. C., Itano, W. M. & Wineland, D. J. Phys. Rev. A36, 428\u2013430 (1987).",
      "journal-title": "J. Phys. Rev."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF334309a0_CR43",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "83",
      "DOI": "10.1109/TIM.1982.6312526",
      "volume": "IM-31",
      "author": "HG Dehmelt",
      "year": "1982",
      "unstructured": "Dehmelt, H. G. IEEE Trans. Instrumn. Meast IM-31, 83\u201387 (1982).",
      "journal-title": "IEEE Trans. Instrumn. Meast"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF334309a0_CR44",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "139",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0079-6727(84)90005-3",
      "volume": "8",
      "author": "DJ Wineland",
      "year": "1984",
      "unstructured": "Wineland, D. J., Itano, W. M., Bergquist, J. C., Bollinger, J. J. & Hemmati, H. Prog. Quant. Electr. 8, 139\u2013142 (1984).",
      "journal-title": "Prog. Quant. Electr."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF334309a0_CR45",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "262",
      "DOI": "10.1007/BF01328923",
      "volume": "140",
      "author": "W Paul",
      "year": "1955",
      "unstructured": "Paul, W. & Raether, M. Z. Phys. 140, 262\u2013273 (1955).",
      "journal-title": "Z. Phys."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF334309a0_CR46",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "203",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.58.203",
      "volume": "58",
      "author": "F Diedrich",
      "year": "1987",
      "unstructured": "Diedrich, F. & Walther, H. Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 203\u2013206 (1987).",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Rev. Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF334309a0_CR47",
      "volume-title": "A Course of Modern Analysis",
      "author": "ET Whittaker",
      "year": "1927",
      "unstructured": "Whittaker, E. T. & Watson, G. N. A Course of Modern Analysis (Cambridge University Press, 1927)."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF334309a0_CR48",
      "volume-title": "The Quantum Theory of Light",
      "author": "R Loudon",
      "year": "1986",
      "unstructured": "Loudon, R. The Quantum Theory of Light (Clarendon, Oxford, 1986)."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF334309a0_CR49",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "DOI": "10.1007/978-3-662-06866-3",
      "volume-title": "Einf\u00fchrung in die Numerische Mathematik",
      "author": "J Stoer",
      "year": "1978",
      "unstructured": "Stoer, J. & Bulirsch, R. Einf\u00fchrung in die Numerische Mathematik Vol. 2 (Springer, Berlin, 1978)."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF334309a0_CR50",
      "volume-title": "Deterministic Chaos",
      "author": "HG Schuster",
      "year": "1984",
      "unstructured": "Schuster, H. G. Deterministic Chaos (Physik-Verlag, Weinheim, 1984)."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF334309a0_CR51",
      "first-page": "445",
      "volume": "75",
      "author": "NB Delone",
      "year": "1978",
      "unstructured": "Delone, N. B., Zon, B. A. & Krainov, V. P. Zh. eksp. teor. Fiz. 75, 445\u2013453 (1978); Soviet Phys. JETP 48, 223\u2013227 (1978).",
      "journal-title": "Zh. eksp. teor. Fiz."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF334309a0_CR52",
      "first-page": "79",
      "volume": "29",
      "author": "BI Meerson",
      "year": "1979",
      "unstructured": "Meerson, B. I., Oks, E. A. & Sasarov, P. V. Pis'ma Zh. eksp. teor. Fiz. 29, 79\u201382 (1979); JETP Lett. 29, 72\u201375 (1979).",
      "journal-title": "Pis'ma Zh. eksp. teor. Fiz."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF334309a0_CR53",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "355",
      "DOI": "10.3367/UFNr.0140.198307a.0355",
      "volume": "140",
      "author": "NB Delone",
      "year": "1983",
      "unstructured": "Delone, N. B., Krainov, B. P. & Shepelyansky, D. L. Usp. Fiz. Nauk. 140, 355\u2013392 (1983); Soviet Phys. Usp. 26, 551\u2013572 (1983).",
      "journal-title": "Usp. Fiz. Nauk."
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "Nature",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "http://www.nature.com/articles/334309a0",
      "content-type": "text/html",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "text-mining"
    },
    {
      "URL": "http://www.nature.com/articles/334309a0.pdf",
      "content-type": "application/pdf",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "text-mining"
    },
    {
      "URL": "http://www.nature.com/articles/334309a0.pdf",
      "content-type": "application/pdf",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "similarity-checking"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2023,
        5,
        17
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2023-05-17T01:42:22Z",
    "timestamp": 1684287742000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://www.nature.com/articles/334309a0"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1988,
        7
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 53,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "6180",
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          1988,
          7
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "alternative-id": [
    "BF334309a0"
  ],
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/334309a0",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "0028-0836",
    "1476-4687"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "container-title-short": "Nature",
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1988,
        7
      ]
    ]
  }
}