DOI: 10.1038/322430a0. Global temperature variations between 1861 and 1984

Global temperature variations between 1861 and 1984

10.1038/322430a0

Crossref journal-article

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Nature (297)

Bibliography

Jones, P. D., Wigley, T. M. L., & Wright, P. B. (1986). Global temperature variations between 1861 and 1984. Nature, 322(6078), 430â434.

Authors 3

P. D. Jones (first)
T. M. L. Wigley (additional)
P. B. Wright (additional)

References 29 Referenced 413

Wigley, T. M. L., Angell, J. K. & Jones, P. D. in Detecting the Climatic Effects of Increasing Carbon Dioxide (eds MacCracken, M. C. & Luther, F. M.) 55–90 (U.S. Dept of Energy, 1985). / Detecting the Climatic Effects of Increasing Carbon Dioxide by TML Wigley (1985)
Hansen, J. et al. Science 213, 957–966 (1981). (10.1126/science.213.4511.957) / Science by J Hansen (1981)
Shearman, R. J. Met. Mag. 112, 1–10 (1983). / Met. Mag. by RJ Shearman (1983)
Folland, C. K., Parker, D. E. & Kates, F. E. Nature 310, 670–673 (1984). (10.1038/310670a0) / Nature by CK Folland (1984)
Woodruff, S. D. in Proc. 3rd Conf. on Climate Variations and Symp. on Contemporary Climate: 1850-2100, 14–15 (American Meteorological Society, Boston, 1985). / Proc. 3rd Conf. on Climate Variations and Symp. on Contemporary Climate: 1850-2100 by SD Woodruff (1985)
Slutz, R. J. et al. Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set Release 1 (NOAA Environmental Research Laboratories, Boulder, 1985). / Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set Release 1 by RJ Slutz (1985)
Wigley, T. M. L., Jones, P. D. & Kelly, P. M. in The Greenhouse Effect, Climatic Change, and Ecosystems (eds Bolin, B., Döös, B. R., Jäger, J. & Warrick, R. A.) (SCOPE series, Wiley, in the press).
Paltridge, G. W. & Woodruff, S. Mon. Weath. Rev. 109, 2427–2434 (1981). (10.1175/1520-0493(1981)109<2427:CIGSTF>2.0.CO;2) / Mon. Weath. Rev. by GW Paltridge (1981)
Paltridge, G. W. Mon. Weath. Rev. 112, 1093–1095 (1984). (10.1175/1520-0493(1984)112<1093:LVITCO>2.0.CO;2) / Mon. Weath. Rev. by GW Paltridge (1984)
Barnett, T. P. in Detecting the Climatic Effects of Increasing Carbon Dioxide (eds MacCracken, M. C. & Luther, F. M.) 91–107 (U.S. Dept of Energy, 1985). / Detecting the Climatic Effects of Increasing Carbon Dioxide by TP Barnett (1985)
Jones, P. D. et al. J. clim. appl. Met. 25, 161–179 (1986). (10.1175/1520-0450(1986)025<0161:NHSATV>2.0.CO;2) / J. clim. appl. Met. by PD Jones (1986)
Jones, P. D., Raper, S.C.B. & Wigley, T. M. L. J. clim. appl. Met. 25 (in the press).
Bradley, R. S., Kelly, P. M., Jones, P. D., Diaz, H. F. & Goodess, C. A Climatic Data Bank for the Northern Hemisphere Land Areas, 1851–1980, DoE Tech. Rep. No. TR017 (U.S. Dept of Energy, 1985). (10.2172/6103803) / A Climatic Data Bank for the Northern Hemisphere Land Areas, 1851–1980 by RS Bradley (1985)
Bradley, R. S. & Jones, P. D. in Detecting the Climatic Effects of Increasing Carbon Dioxide (eds MacCracken, M. C. & Luther, F. M.) 29–53 (U.S. Dept of Energy, 1985). / Detecting the Climatic Effects of Increasing Carbon Dioxide by RS Bradley (1985)
Wright, P. B. Mon. Weath. Rev. 114 (in the press).
Folland, C. K., Parker, D. E. & Newman, M. in Proc. 9th Annual Climate Diagnostics Workshop, 70–85 (U.S. Dept. of Commerce, NOAA, Washington DC, 1984).
Folland, C. K. & Kates, F. E. in Milankovitch and Climate (eds Berger, A., Imbrie, J., Hays, J., Kukla, G. & Saltzman, B.) 721–727 (Reidel, Dordrecht, 1984). (10.1007/978-94-017-4841-4_18) / Milankovitch and Climate by CK Folland (1984)
Barnett, T. P. Mon. Weath. Rev. 112, 303–312 (1984). (10.1175/1520-0493(1984)112<0303:LTTIST>2.0.CO;2) / Mon. Weath. Rev. by TP Barnett (1984)
Cayan, D. R. Mon. Weath. Rev. 108, 1293–1301 (1980). (10.1175/1520-0493(1980)108<1293:LSRBSS>2.0.CO;2) / Mon. Weath. Rev. by DR Cayan (1980)
Saur, J. F. T. J. appl. Met. 2, 417–425 (1963). (10.1175/1520-0450(1963)002<0417:ASOTQO>2.0.CO;2) / J. appl. Met. by JFT Saur (1963)
James, R. W. & Fox, P. T. Comparative sea-surface temperature measurements, Marine Science Affairs Rep. No. 5, WMO Publ. No. 336 (Geneva, 1972).
Kirkaldy, A. W. British Shipping, Its History, Organization and Importance (Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, London, 1919). / British Shipping, Its History, Organization and Importance by AW Kirkaldy (1919)
Krümmel, O. Handbuch der Ozeanographie, Vol. 1 (Engelhorn, Stuttgart, 1907). (10.5962/bhl.title.28378) / Handbuch der Ozeanographie by O Krümmel (1907)
Brooks, C. F. Mon. Weath. Rev. 54, 241–253 (1926). (10.1175/1520-0493(1926)54<241:OWTAS>2.0.CO;2) / Mon. Weath. Rev. by CF Brooks (1926)
Raper, S. C. B., Wigley, T .M. L., Mayes, P. R., Jones, P. D. & Salinger, M. J. Mon. Weath. Rev. 112, 1341–1353 (1984). (10.1175/1520-0493(1984)112<1341:VISATP>2.0.CO;2) / Mon. Weath. Rev. by SCB Raper (1984)
Raper, S. C. B., Wigley, T. M. L., Jones, P. D., Kelly, P. M., Mayes, P. R. & Limbert, D. W. S. Nature 306, 458–459 (1984). (10.1038/306458a0) / Nature by SCB Raper (1984)
Kelly, P. M., Jones, P. D., Sear, C. B., Cherry, B. S. G. & Tavakol, R. K. Mon. Weath. Rev. 110, 71–83 (1982). (10.1175/1520-0493(1982)110<0071:VISATP>2.0.CO;2) / Mon. Weath. Rev. by PM Kelly (1982)
Wigley, T. M. L. & Schlesinger, M. E. Nature 315, 649–652 (1985). (10.1038/315649a0) / Nature by TML Wigley (1985)
Reynolds, R. W. & Gemmill, W. H. Trop. Ocean-Atmos. Newslett. No. 23, 4–5 (1984).

Dates

Type	When
Created	20 years, 9 months ago (Nov. 17, 2004, 11:33 p.m.)
Deposited	2 years, 3 months ago (May 16, 2023, 9:30 p.m.)
Indexed	2 weeks, 1 day ago (Aug. 12, 2025, 6:04 p.m.)
Issued	39 years, 1 month ago (July 1, 1986)
Published	39 years, 1 month ago (July 1, 1986)
Published Print	39 years, 1 month ago (July 1, 1986)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Jones_1986, title={Global temperature variations between 1861 and 1984}, volume={322}, ISSN={1476-4687}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/322430a0}, DOI={10.1038/322430a0}, number={6078}, journal={Nature}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Jones, P. D. and Wigley, T. M. L. and Wright, P. B.}, year={1986}, month=jul, pages={430–434} }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2025,
        8,
        12
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2025-08-12T22:04:24Z",
    "timestamp": 1755036264073
  },
  "reference-count": 29,
  "publisher": "Springer Science and Business Media LLC",
  "issue": "6078",
  "license": [
    {
      "start": {
        "date-parts": [
          [
            1986,
            7,
            1
          ]
        ],
        "date-time": "1986-07-01T00:00:00Z",
        "timestamp": 520560000000
      },
      "content-version": "tdm",
      "delay-in-days": 0,
      "URL": "http://www.springer.com/tdm"
    }
  ],
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [],
    "crossmark-restriction": false
  },
  "published-print": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1986,
        7
      ]
    ]
  },
  "DOI": "10.1038/322430a0",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2004,
        11,
        18
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2004-11-18T04:33:52Z",
    "timestamp": 1100752432000
  },
  "page": "430-434",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 413,
  "title": "Global temperature variations between 1861 and 1984",
  "prefix": "10.1038",
  "volume": "322",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "P. D.",
      "family": "Jones",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "T. M. L.",
      "family": "Wigley",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "P. B.",
      "family": "Wright",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    }
  ],
  "member": "297",
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "BF322430a0_CR1",
      "first-page": "55",
      "volume-title": "Detecting the Climatic Effects of Increasing Carbon Dioxide",
      "author": "TML Wigley",
      "year": "1985",
      "unstructured": "Wigley, T. M. L., Angell, J. K. & Jones, P. D. in Detecting the Climatic Effects of Increasing Carbon Dioxide (eds MacCracken, M. C. & Luther, F. M.) 55\u201390 (U.S. Dept of Energy, 1985)."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF322430a0_CR2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "957",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.213.4511.957",
      "volume": "213",
      "author": "J Hansen",
      "year": "1981",
      "unstructured": "Hansen, J. et al. Science 213, 957\u2013966 (1981).",
      "journal-title": "Science"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF322430a0_CR3",
      "first-page": "1",
      "volume": "112",
      "author": "RJ Shearman",
      "year": "1983",
      "unstructured": "Shearman, R. J. Met. Mag. 112, 1\u201310 (1983).",
      "journal-title": "Met. Mag."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF322430a0_CR4",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "670",
      "DOI": "10.1038/310670a0",
      "volume": "310",
      "author": "CK Folland",
      "year": "1984",
      "unstructured": "Folland, C. K., Parker, D. E. & Kates, F. E. Nature 310, 670\u2013673 (1984).",
      "journal-title": "Nature"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF322430a0_CR5",
      "first-page": "14",
      "volume-title": "Proc. 3rd Conf. on Climate Variations and Symp. on Contemporary Climate: 1850-2100",
      "author": "SD Woodruff",
      "year": "1985",
      "unstructured": "Woodruff, S. D. in Proc. 3rd Conf. on Climate Variations and Symp. on Contemporary Climate: 1850-2100, 14\u201315 (American Meteorological Society, Boston, 1985)."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF322430a0_CR6",
      "volume-title": "Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set Release 1",
      "author": "RJ Slutz",
      "year": "1985",
      "unstructured": "Slutz, R. J. et al. Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set Release 1 (NOAA Environmental Research Laboratories, Boulder, 1985)."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF322430a0_CR7",
      "unstructured": "Wigley, T. M. L., Jones, P. D. & Kelly, P. M. in The Greenhouse Effect, Climatic Change, and Ecosystems (eds Bolin, B., D\u00f6\u00f6s, B. R., J\u00e4ger, J. & Warrick, R. A.) (SCOPE series, Wiley, in the press)."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF322430a0_CR8",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "2427",
      "DOI": "10.1175/1520-0493(1981)109<2427:CIGSTF>2.0.CO;2",
      "volume": "109",
      "author": "GW Paltridge",
      "year": "1981",
      "unstructured": "Paltridge, G. W. & Woodruff, S. Mon. Weath. Rev. 109, 2427\u20132434 (1981).",
      "journal-title": "Mon. Weath. Rev."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF322430a0_CR9",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "1093",
      "DOI": "10.1175/1520-0493(1984)112<1093:LVITCO>2.0.CO;2",
      "volume": "112",
      "author": "GW Paltridge",
      "year": "1984",
      "unstructured": "Paltridge, G. W. Mon. Weath. Rev. 112, 1093\u20131095 (1984).",
      "journal-title": "Mon. Weath. Rev."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF322430a0_CR10",
      "first-page": "91",
      "volume-title": "Detecting the Climatic Effects of Increasing Carbon Dioxide",
      "author": "TP Barnett",
      "year": "1985",
      "unstructured": "Barnett, T. P. in Detecting the Climatic Effects of Increasing Carbon Dioxide (eds MacCracken, M. C. & Luther, F. M.) 91\u2013107 (U.S. Dept of Energy, 1985)."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF322430a0_CR11",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "161",
      "DOI": "10.1175/1520-0450(1986)025<0161:NHSATV>2.0.CO;2",
      "volume": "25",
      "author": "PD Jones",
      "year": "1986",
      "unstructured": "Jones, P. D. et al. J. clim. appl. Met. 25, 161\u2013179 (1986).",
      "journal-title": "J. clim. appl. Met."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF322430a0_CR12",
      "unstructured": "Jones, P. D., Raper, S.C.B. & Wigley, T. M. L. J. clim. appl. Met. 25 (in the press)."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF322430a0_CR13",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "DOI": "10.2172/6103803",
      "volume-title": "A Climatic Data Bank for the Northern Hemisphere Land Areas, 1851\u20131980",
      "author": "RS Bradley",
      "year": "1985",
      "unstructured": "Bradley, R. S., Kelly, P. M., Jones, P. D., Diaz, H. F. & Goodess, C. A Climatic Data Bank for the Northern Hemisphere Land Areas, 1851\u20131980, DoE Tech. Rep. No. TR017 (U.S. Dept of Energy, 1985)."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF322430a0_CR14",
      "first-page": "29",
      "volume-title": "Detecting the Climatic Effects of Increasing Carbon Dioxide",
      "author": "RS Bradley",
      "year": "1985",
      "unstructured": "Bradley, R. S. & Jones, P. D. in Detecting the Climatic Effects of Increasing Carbon Dioxide (eds MacCracken, M. C. & Luther, F. M.) 29\u201353 (U.S. Dept of Energy, 1985)."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF322430a0_CR15",
      "unstructured": "Wright, P. B. Mon. Weath. Rev. 114 (in the press)."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF322430a0_CR16",
      "unstructured": "Folland, C. K., Parker, D. E. & Newman, M. in Proc. 9th Annual Climate Diagnostics Workshop, 70\u201385 (U.S. Dept. of Commerce, NOAA, Washington DC, 1984)."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF322430a0_CR17",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "721",
      "DOI": "10.1007/978-94-017-4841-4_18",
      "volume-title": "Milankovitch and Climate",
      "author": "CK Folland",
      "year": "1984",
      "unstructured": "Folland, C. K. & Kates, F. E. in Milankovitch and Climate (eds Berger, A., Imbrie, J., Hays, J., Kukla, G. & Saltzman, B.) 721\u2013727 (Reidel, Dordrecht, 1984)."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF322430a0_CR18",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "303",
      "DOI": "10.1175/1520-0493(1984)112<0303:LTTIST>2.0.CO;2",
      "volume": "112",
      "author": "TP Barnett",
      "year": "1984",
      "unstructured": "Barnett, T. P. Mon. Weath. Rev. 112, 303\u2013312 (1984).",
      "journal-title": "Mon. Weath. Rev."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF322430a0_CR19",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "1293",
      "DOI": "10.1175/1520-0493(1980)108<1293:LSRBSS>2.0.CO;2",
      "volume": "108",
      "author": "DR Cayan",
      "year": "1980",
      "unstructured": "Cayan, D. R. Mon. Weath. Rev. 108, 1293\u20131301 (1980).",
      "journal-title": "Mon. Weath. Rev."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF322430a0_CR20",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "417",
      "DOI": "10.1175/1520-0450(1963)002<0417:ASOTQO>2.0.CO;2",
      "volume": "2",
      "author": "JFT Saur",
      "year": "1963",
      "unstructured": "Saur, J. F. T. J. appl. Met. 2, 417\u2013425 (1963).",
      "journal-title": "J. appl. Met."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF322430a0_CR21",
      "unstructured": "James, R. W. & Fox, P. T. Comparative sea-surface temperature measurements, Marine Science Affairs Rep. No. 5, WMO Publ. No. 336 (Geneva, 1972)."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF322430a0_CR22",
      "volume-title": "British Shipping, Its History, Organization and Importance",
      "author": "AW Kirkaldy",
      "year": "1919",
      "unstructured": "Kirkaldy, A. W. British Shipping, Its History, Organization and Importance (Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, London, 1919)."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF322430a0_CR23",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.5962/bhl.title.28378",
      "volume-title": "Handbuch der Ozeanographie",
      "author": "O Kr\u00fcmmel",
      "year": "1907",
      "unstructured": "Kr\u00fcmmel, O. Handbuch der Ozeanographie, Vol. 1 (Engelhorn, Stuttgart, 1907)."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF322430a0_CR24",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "241",
      "DOI": "10.1175/1520-0493(1926)54<241:OWTAS>2.0.CO;2",
      "volume": "54",
      "author": "CF Brooks",
      "year": "1926",
      "unstructured": "Brooks, C. F. Mon. Weath. Rev. 54, 241\u2013253 (1926).",
      "journal-title": "Mon. Weath. Rev."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF322430a0_CR25",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "1341",
      "DOI": "10.1175/1520-0493(1984)112<1341:VISATP>2.0.CO;2",
      "volume": "112",
      "author": "SCB Raper",
      "year": "1984",
      "unstructured": "Raper, S. C. B., Wigley, T .M. L., Mayes, P. R., Jones, P. D. & Salinger, M. J. Mon. Weath. Rev. 112, 1341\u20131353 (1984).",
      "journal-title": "Mon. Weath. Rev."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF322430a0_CR26",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "458",
      "DOI": "10.1038/306458a0",
      "volume": "306",
      "author": "SCB Raper",
      "year": "1984",
      "unstructured": "Raper, S. C. B., Wigley, T. M. L., Jones, P. D., Kelly, P. M., Mayes, P. R. & Limbert, D. W. S. Nature 306, 458\u2013459 (1984).",
      "journal-title": "Nature"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF322430a0_CR27",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "71",
      "DOI": "10.1175/1520-0493(1982)110<0071:VISATP>2.0.CO;2",
      "volume": "110",
      "author": "PM Kelly",
      "year": "1982",
      "unstructured": "Kelly, P. M., Jones, P. D., Sear, C. B., Cherry, B. S. G. & Tavakol, R. K. Mon. Weath. Rev. 110, 71\u201383 (1982).",
      "journal-title": "Mon. Weath. Rev."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF322430a0_CR28",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "649",
      "DOI": "10.1038/315649a0",
      "volume": "315",
      "author": "TML Wigley",
      "year": "1985",
      "unstructured": "Wigley, T. M. L. & Schlesinger, M. E. Nature 315, 649\u2013652 (1985).",
      "journal-title": "Nature"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF322430a0_CR29",
      "unstructured": "Reynolds, R. W. & Gemmill, W. H. Trop. Ocean-Atmos. Newslett. No. 23, 4\u20135 (1984)."
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "Nature",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "http://www.nature.com/articles/322430a0",
      "content-type": "text/html",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "text-mining"
    },
    {
      "URL": "http://www.nature.com/articles/322430a0.pdf",
      "content-type": "application/pdf",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "text-mining"
    },
    {
      "URL": "http://www.nature.com/articles/322430a0.pdf",
      "content-type": "application/pdf",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "similarity-checking"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2023,
        5,
        17
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2023-05-17T01:30:09Z",
    "timestamp": 1684287009000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://www.nature.com/articles/322430a0"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1986,
        7
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 29,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "6078",
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          1986,
          7
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "alternative-id": [
    "BF322430a0"
  ],
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/322430a0",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "0028-0836",
    "1476-4687"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "container-title-short": "Nature",
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1986,
        7
      ]
    ]
  }
}