Marine viruses and their biogeochemical and ecological effects
10.1038/21119
Crossref journal-article
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Nature (297)
Bibliography

Fuhrman, J. A. (1999). Marine viruses and their biogeochemical and ecological effects. Nature, 399(6736), 541–548.

Authors 1
  1. Jed A. Fuhrman (first)
References 105 Referenced 1,712
  1. Azam, F., Fenchel, T., Gray, J. G., Meyer-Reil, L. A. & Thingstad, T. The ecological role of water-column microbes in the sea. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 10, 257–263 (1983). (10.3354/meps010257) / Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. by F Azam (1983)
  2. Fuhrman, J. A. in Primary Productivity and Biogeochemical Cycles in the Sea(eds Falkowski, P. G. & Woodhead, A. D.) 361–383 (Plenum, New York, (1992). (10.1007/978-1-4899-0762-2_20) / Primary Productivity and Biogeochemical Cycles in the Sea by JA Fuhrman (1992)
  3. Fuhrman, J. A., Sleeter, T. D., Carlson, C. A. & Proctor, L. M. Dominance of bacterial biomass in the Sargasso Sea and its ecological implications. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 57, 207–217 (1989). (10.3354/meps057207) / Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. by JA Fuhrman (1989)
  4. Sieburth, J. M., Johnson, P. W. & Hargraves, P. E. Ultrastructure and ecology of Aureococcus anophagefferens gen. et sp. nov. (Chrysophyseae): the dominant picoplankter during a bloom in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, Summer 1985. J. Phycol. 24, 416–425 (1988). (10.1111/j.1529-8817.1988.tb04485.x) / J. Phycol. by JM Sieburth (1988)
  5. Bergh, O., Børsheim, K. Y., Bratbak, G. & Heldal, M. High abundance of viruses found in aquatic environments. Nature 340, 467–468 (1989). (10.1038/340467a0) / Nature by O Bergh (1989)
  6. Proctor, L. M. & Fuhrman, J. A. Viral mortality of marine bacteria and cyanobacteria. Nature 343, 60–62 (1990). (10.1038/343060a0) / Nature by LM Proctor (1990)
  7. Bratbak, G., Heldal, M., Norland, S. & Thingstad, T. F. Viruses as partners in spring bloom microbial trophodynamics. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56, 1400–1405 (1990). (10.1128/AEM.56.5.1400-1405.1990) / Appl. Environ. Microbiol. by G Bratbak (1990)
  8. Ackermann, H.-W. & DuBow, M. S. Viruses of Prokaryotes Vol. 1, General Properties of Bacteriophages (CRC, Boca Raton, (1987). / Viruses of Prokaryotes Vol. 1, General Properties of Bacteriophages by H-W Ackermann (1987)
  9. Lenski, R. E. Dynamics of interactions between bacteria and virulent bacteriophage. Adv. Microb. Ecol. 10, 1–44 (1988). (10.1007/978-1-4684-5409-3_1) / Adv. Microb. Ecol. by RE Lenski (1988)
  10. Ripp, S. & Miller, R. V. The role of pseudolysogeny in bacteriophage-host interactions in a natural freshwater environment. Microbiology 143, 2065–2070 (1997). (10.1099/00221287-143-6-2065) / Microbiology by S Ripp (1997)
  11. Moebus, K. Marine bacteriophage reproduction under nutrient-limited growth of host bacteria. 2. Investigations with phage-host system [H3:H3/1]. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 144, 13–22 (1996). (10.3354/meps144013) / Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. by K Moebus (1996)
  12. Moebus, K. Investigations of the marine lysogenic bacterium H24. II. Development of pseudolysogeny in nutrient rich broth. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 148, 229–240 (1997). (10.3354/meps148229) / Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. by K Moebus (1997)
  13. Chiura, H. X. Generalized gene transfer by virus-like particles from marine bacteria. Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 13, 75–83 (1997). (10.3354/ame013075) / Aquat. Microb. Ecol. by HX Chiura (1997)
  14. Fuhrman, J. A. & Suttle, C. A. Viruses in marine planktonic systems. Oceanography 6, 51–63 (1993). (10.5670/oceanog.1993.14) / Oceanography by JA Fuhrman (1993)
  15. Sharp, G. D. Enumeration of virus particles by electron micrography. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 70, 54–59 (1949). (10.3181/00379727-70-16822) / Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. by GD Sharp (1949)
  16. Wommack, K. E., Hill, R. T., Kessel, M., Russek-Cohen, E. & Colwell, R. R. Distribution of viruses in the Chesapeake Bay. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58, 2965–2970 (1992). (10.1128/AEM.58.9.2965-2970.1992) / Appl. Environ. Microbiol. by KE Wommack (1992)
  17. Børsheim, K. Y. Native marine bacteriophages. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 102, 141–159 (1993). (10.1016/0378-1097(93)90197-A) / FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. by KY Børsheim (1993)
  18. Cochlan, W. P., Wikner, J., Steward, G. F., Smith, D. C. & Azam, F. Spatial distribution of viruses, bacteria and chlorophyll a in neritic, oceanic and estuarine environments. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 92, 77–87 (1993). (10.3354/meps092077) / Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. by WP Cochlan (1993)
  19. Paul, J. H., Rose, J. B., Jiang, S. C., Kellogg, C. A. & Dickson, L. Distribution of viral abundance in the reef environment of Key Largo, Florida. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59, 718–724 (1993). (10.1128/AEM.59.3.718-724.1993) / Appl. Environ. Microbiol. by JH Paul (1993)
  20. Boehme, J. et al. Viruses, bacterioplankton, and phytoplankton in the southeastern Gulf of Mexico: distribution and contribution to oceanic DNA pools. Ma. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 97, 1–10 (1993). (10.3354/meps097001) / Ma. Ecol. Prog. Ser. by J Boehme (1993)
  21. Maranger, R., Bird, D. F. & Juniper, S. K. Viral and bacterial dynamics in arctic sea ice during the spring algal bloom near Resolute, NWT, Canada. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 111, 121–127 (1994). (10.3354/meps111121) / Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. by R Maranger (1994)
  22. Hara, S., Koike, I., Terauchi, K., Kamiya, H. & Tanoue, E. Abundance of viruses in deep oceanic waters. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 145, 269–277 (1996). (10.3354/meps145269) / Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. by S Hara (1996)
  23. Maranger, R. & Bird, D. E. High concentrations of viruses in the sediments of Lac Gilbert, Quebec. Microb. Ecol. 31, 141–151 (1996). (10.1007/BF00167860) / Microb. Ecol. by R Maranger (1996)
  24. Steward, G. F., Smith, D. C. & Azam, F. Abundance and production of bacteria and viruses in the Bering and Chukchi Sea. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 131, 287–300 (1996). (10.3354/meps131287) / Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. by GF Steward (1996)
  25. Noble, R. T. & Fuhrman, J. A. Use of SYBR Green I for rapid epifluorescence counts of marine viruses and bacteria. Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 14, 113–118 (1998). (10.3354/ame014113) / Aquat. Microb. Ecol. by RT Noble (1998)
  26. Hennes, K. P. & Simon, M. Significance of bacteriophages for controlling bacterioplankton growth in a mesotrophic lake. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61, 333–340 (1995). (10.1128/AEM.61.1.333-340.1995) / Appl. Environ. Microbiol. by KP Hennes (1995)
  27. Bratbak, G., Heldal, M., Thingstad, T. F. & Tuomi, P. Dynamics of virus abundance in coastal seawater. FEMS Microb. Ecol. 19, 263–269 (1996). (10.1111/j.1574-6941.1996.tb00218.x) / FEMS Microb. Ecol. by G Bratbak (1996)
  28. Fuhrman, J. A. & Ouverney, C. C. Marine microbial diversity studied via 16S rRNA sequences: cloning results from coastal waters and counting of native archaea with fluorescent single cell probes. Aquat. Ecol. 32, 3–15 (1998). (10.1023/A:1009974817127) / Aquat. Ecol. by JA Fuhrman (1998)
  29. Hara, S., Terauchi, K. & Koike, I. Abundance of viruses in marine waters: assessment by epifluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 57, 2731–2734 (1991). (10.1128/AEM.57.9.2731-2734.1991) / Appl. Environ. Microbiol. by S Hara (1991)
  30. Hennes, K. P. & Suttle, C. A. Direct counts of viruses in natural waters and laboratory cultures by epifluorescence microscopy. Limnol. Oceanogr. 40, 1050–1055 (1995). (10.4319/lo.1995.40.6.1050) / Limnol. Oceanogr. by KP Hennes (1995)
  31. Weinbauer, M. G. & Suttle, C. A. Comparison of epifluorescence and transmission electron microscopy for counting viruses in natural marine waters. Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 13, 225–232 (1997). (10.3354/ame013225) / Aquat. Microb. Ecol. by MG Weinbauer (1997)
  32. Xenopoulos, M. A. & Bird, D. F. Microwave enhanced staining for counting viruses by epifluorescence microscopy. Limnol. Oceanogr. 42, 1648–1650 (1997). (10.4319/lo.1997.42.7.1648) / Limnol. Oceanogr. by MA Xenopoulos (1997)
  33. Marie, D., Brussaard, C. P. D., Thyrhaug, R., Bratbak, G. & Vaulot, D. Enumeration of marine viruses in culture and natural samples by flow cytometry. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65, 45–52 (1999). (10.1128/AEM.65.1.45-52.1999) / Appl. Environ. Microbiol. by D Marie (1999)
  34. Proctor, L. M. Advances in the study of marine viruses. Microsc. Res. Tech. 37, 136–161 (1997). (10.1002/(SICI)1097-0029(19970415)37:2<136::AID-JEMT3>3.0.CO;2-M) / Microsc. Res. Tech. by LM Proctor (1997)
  35. Wommack, K. E., Ravel, J., Hill, R. T., Chun, J. S. & Colwell, R. R. Population dynamics of Chesapeake Bay virioplankton: total-community analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65, 231–240 (1999). (10.1128/AEM.65.1.231-240.1999) / Appl. Environ. Microbiol. by KE Wommack (1999)
  36. Steward, G. F. & Azam, F. in Microbial Biosystems: New Frontiers. Proc 8th Int. Symp. Microb. Ecol.(eds Bell, C. R., Brylinsky, M. & Johnson-Green, P.) (Atlantic Canada Society for Microbial Ecology, Halifax, Canada, (1999). / Microbial Biosystems: New Frontiers. Proc 8th Int. Symp. Microb. Ecol. by GF Steward (1999)
  37. Murray, A. G. & Jackson, G. A. Viral dynamics: a model of the effects of size, shape, motion and abundance of single-celled planktonic organisms and other particles. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 89, 103–116 (1992). (10.3354/meps089103) / Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. by AG Murray (1992)
  38. Proctor, L. M. & Fuhrman, J. A. Roles of viral infection in organic particle flux. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 69, 133–142 (1991). (10.3354/meps069133) / Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. by LM Proctor (1991)
  39. Mathias, C. B., Kirschner, A. K. T. & Velimirov, B. Seasonal variations of virus abundance and viral control of the bacterial production in a backwater system of the Danube River. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61, 3734–3740 (1995). (10.1128/AEM.61.10.3734-3740.1995) / Appl. Environ. Microbiol. by CB Mathias (1995)
  40. Proctor, L. M., Okubo, A. & Fuhrman, J. A. Calibrating estimates of phage induced mortality in marine bacteria: ultrastructural studies of marine bacteriophage development from one-step growth experiments. Microb. Ecol. 25, 161–182 (1993). (10.1007/BF00177193) / Microb. Ecol. by LM Proctor (1993)
  41. Weinbauer, M. G. & Peduzzi, P. Significance of viruses versus heterotrophic nanoflagellates for controlling bacterial abundance in the northern Adriatic Sea. J. Plank. Res. 17, 1851–1856 (1995). (10.1093/plankt/17.9.1851) / J. Plank. Res. by MG Weinbauer (1995)
  42. Heldal, M. & Bratbak, G. Production and decay of viruses in aquatic environments. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 72, 205–212 (1991). (10.3354/meps072205) / Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. by M Heldal (1991)
  43. Weinbauer, M. G., Fuks, D. & Peduzzi, P. Distribution of viruses and dissolved DNA along a coastal trophic gradient in the Northern Adriatic Sea. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59, 4074–4082 (1993). (10.1128/AEM.59.12.4074-4082.1993) / Appl. Environ. Microbiol. by MG Weinbauer (1993)
  44. Weinbauer, M. G. & Peduzzi, P. Frequency, size, and distribution of bacteriophages in different marine bacterial morphotypes. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 108, 11–20 (1994). (10.3354/meps108011) / Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. by MG Weinbauer (1994)
  45. Weinbauer, M. G. & Hofle, M. G. Significance of viral lysis and flagellate grazing as factors controlling bacterioplankton production in a eutrophic lake. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64, 431–438 (1998). (10.1128/AEM.64.2.431-438.1998) / Appl. Environ. Microbiol. by MG Weinbauer (1998)
  46. Suttle, C. A., Chan, A. M. & Cottrell, M. T. Infection of phytoplankton by viruses and reduction of primary productivity. Nature 387, 467–469 (1990). (10.1038/347467a0) / Nature by CA Suttle (1990)
  47. Proctor, L. M. & Fuhrman, J. A. Mortality of marine bacteria in response to enrichments of the virus size fraction from seawater. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 87, 283–293 (1992). (10.3354/meps087283) / Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. by LM Proctor (1992)
  48. Suttle, C. A. Inhibition of photosynthesis in phytoplankton by the submicron size fraction concentrated from seawater. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 87, 105–112 (1992). (10.3354/meps087105) / Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. by CA Suttle (1992)
  49. Peduzzi, P. & Weinbauer, M. G. Effect of concentrating the virus-rich 2–200 nm size fraction of seawater on the formation of algal flocs (marine snow). Limnol. Oceanogr. 38, 1562–1565 (1993). (10.4319/lo.1993.38.7.1562) / Limnol. Oceanogr. by P Peduzzi (1993)
  50. Weinbauer, M. G. & Peduzzi, P. Effect of virus-rich high molecular weight concentrates of seawater on the dynamics of dissolved amino acids and carbohydrates. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 127, 245–253 (1995). (10.3354/meps127245) / Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. by MG Weinbauer (1995)
  51. Noble, R. T., Middelboe, M. & Fuhrman, J. A. The effects of viral enrichment on the mortality and growth of heterotrophic bacterioplankton. Aquat. Microb. Ecol.(in the press). (10.3354/ame018001)
  52. Middelboe, M., Jørgensen, N. O. G. & Kroer, N. Effects of viruses on nutrient turnover and growth efficiency of non-infected marine bacterioplankton. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62, 1991–1997 (1996). (10.1128/AEM.62.6.1991-1997.1996) / Appl. Environ. Microbiol. by M Middelboe (1996)
  53. Suttle, C. A. & Chen, F. Mechanisms and rates of decay of marine viruses in seawater. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58, 3721–3729 (1992). (10.1128/AEM.58.11.3721-3729.1992) / Appl. Environ. Microbiol. by CA Suttle (1992)
  54. Fuhrman, J. A. & Noble, R. T. Viruses and protists cause similar bacterial mortality in coastal seawater. Limnol. Oceanogr. 40, 1236–1242 (1995). (10.4319/lo.1995.40.7.1236) / Limnol. Oceanogr. by JA Fuhrman (1995)
  55. Noble, R. T. & Fuhrman, J. A. Virus decay and its causes in coastal waters. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63, 77–83 (1997). (10.1128/AEM.63.1.77-83.1997) / Appl. Environ. Microbiol. by RT Noble (1997)
  56. Wommack, K. E., Hill, R. T., Muller, T. A. & Colwell, R. R. Effects of sunlight on bacteriophage viability and structure. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62, 1336–1341 (1996). (10.1128/AEM.62.4.1336-1341.1996) / Appl. Environ. Microbiol. by KE Wommack (1996)
  57. Wilhelm, S. W., Weinbauer, M. G., Suttle, C. A. & Jeffrey, W. H. The role of sunlight in the removal and repair of viruses in the sea. Limnol. Oceanogr. 43, 586–592 (1998). (10.4319/lo.1998.43.4.0586) / Limnol. Oceanogr. by SW Wilhelm (1998)
  58. Wilhelm, S. W., Weinbauer, M. G., Suttle, C. A., Pledger, R. J. & Mitchell, D. L. Measurements of DNA damage and photoreactivation imply that most viruses in marine surface waters are infective. Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 14, 215–222 (1998). (10.3354/ame014215) / Aquat. Microb. Ecol. by SW Wilhelm (1998)
  59. Zachary, A. An ecological study of bacteriophages of Vibrio natriegens. Can. J. Microbiol. 24, 321–324 (1978). (10.1139/m78-053) / Can. J. Microbiol. by A Zachary (1978)
  60. Bratbak, G., Heldal, M., Thingstad, T. F., Riemann, B. & Haslund, O. H. Incorporation of viruses into the budget of microbial C-transfer. A first approach. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 83, 273–280 (1992). (10.3354/meps083273) / Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. by G Bratbak (1992)
  61. Steward, G. F., Wikner, J., Cochlan, W. P., Smith, D. C. & Azam, F. Estimation of virus production in the sea: II. Field results. Mar. Microb. Food Webs 6, 79–90 (1992). / Mar. Microb. Food Webs by GF Steward (1992)
  62. Noble, R. T. The Fates of Viruses in the Marine Environment Thesis, Univ. Southern California(1998).
  63. Suttle, C. A. The significance of viruses to mortality in aquatic microbial communities. Microb. Ecol. 28, 237–243 (1994). (10.1007/BF00166813) / Microb. Ecol. by CA Suttle (1994)
  64. Weinbauer, M. G., Fuks, D., Puskaric, S. & Peduzzi, P. Diel, seasonal, and depth-related variability of viruses and dissolved DNA in the Northern Adriatic Sea. Microb. Ecol. 30, 25–41 (1995). (10.1007/BF00184511) / Microb. Ecol. by MG Weinbauer (1995)
  65. Guixa-Boixareu, N., Calderon-Paz, J. I., Heldal, M., Bratbak, G. & Pedros-Alio, C. Viral lysis and bacterivory as prokaryotic loss factors along a salinity gradient. Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 11, 215–227 (1996). (10.3354/ame011215) / Aquat. Microb. Ecol. by N Guixa-Boixareu (1996)
  66. Waterbury, J. B. & Valois, F. W. Resistance to co-occurring phages enables marine Synechococcus communities to coexist with cyanophages abundant in seawater. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59, 3393–3399 (1993). (10.1128/AEM.59.10.3393-3399.1993) / Appl. Environ. Microbiol. by JB Waterbury (1993)
  67. Suttle, C. A. & Chan, A. M. Dynamics and distribution of cyanophages and their effect on marine Synechococcus spp. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60, 3167–3174 (1994). (10.1128/AEM.60.9.3167-3174.1994) / Appl. Environ. Microbiol. by CA Suttle (1994)
  68. Suttle, C. A., Chan, A. M. & Cottrell, M. T. Use of ultrafiltration to isolate viruses from seawater which are pathogens of marine phytoplankton. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 57, 721–726 (1991). (10.1128/AEM.57.3.721-726.1991) / Appl. Environ. Microbiol. by CA Suttle (1991)
  69. Bratbak, G., Egge, J. K. & Heldal, M. Viral mortality of the marine alga Emiliana huxleyi (Haptophyceae) and termination of algal blooms. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 93, 39–48 (1993). (10.3354/meps093039) / Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. by G Bratbak (1993)
  70. Milligan, K. L. D. & Cosper, E. M. Isolation of virus capable of lysing the brown tide microalga, Aureococcus anophagefferens. Science 266, 805–807 (1994). (10.1126/science.266.5186.805) / Science by KLD Milligan (1994)
  71. Nagasaki, K. & Yamaguchi, M. Intra-species host specificity of HaV (Heterosigma akashiwo virus) clones. Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 14, 109–112 (1998). (10.3354/ame014109) / Aquat. Microb. Ecol. by K Nagasaki (1998)
  72. Suttle, C. A. & Chan, A. M. Viruses infecting the marine Prymnesiophyte Chrysochromulina spp.: isolation, preliminary characterization and natural abundance. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 118, 275–282 (1995). (10.3354/meps118275) / Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. by CA Suttle (1995)
  73. Mayer, J. A. & Taylor, F. J. R. Avirus which lyses the marine nanoflagellate Miromonas pusilla. Nature 281, 299–301 (1979). (10.1038/281299a0) / Nature by JA Mayer (1979)
  74. Cottrell, M. T. & Suttle, C. A. Dynamics of a lytic virus infecting the photosynthetic marine picoflagellate Micromonas pusilla. Limnol. Oceanogr. 40, 730–739 (1995). (10.4319/lo.1995.40.4.0730) / Limnol. Oceanogr. by MT Cottrell (1995)
  75. Chen, F., Suttle, C. A. & Short, S. M. Genetic diversity in marine algal virus communities as revealed by sequence analysis of DNA polymerase genes. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62, 2869–2874 (1996). (10.1128/AEM.62.8.2869-2874.1996) / Appl. Environ. Microbiol. by F Chen (1996)
  76. Gobler, C. J., Hutchins, D. A., Fisher, N. S., Cosper, E. M. & SanudoWilhelmy, S. A. Release and bioavailability of C, N, P, Se, and Fe following viral lysis of a marine chrysophyte. Limnol. Oceanogr. 42, 1492–1504 (1997). (10.4319/lo.1997.42.7.1492) / Limnol. Oceanogr. by CJ Gobler (1997)
  77. Jacobsen, A., Bratbak, G. & Heldal, M. Isolation and characterization of a virus infecting Phaeocystis pouchetii (Prymnesiophyceae). J. Phycol. 32, 923–927 (1996). (10.1111/j.0022-3646.1996.00923.x) / J. Phycol. by A Jacobsen (1996)
  78. Bratbak, G. et al. Viral activity in relation to Emiliania huxleyi blooms—a mechanism of DMSP release. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 128, 133–142 (1995). (10.3354/meps128133) / Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. by G Bratbak (1995)
  79. Brussaard, C. P. D., Kempers, R. S., Kop, A. J., Riegman, R. & Heldal, M. Virus-like particles in a summer bloom of Emiliania huxleyi in the North Sea. Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 10, 105–113 (1996). (10.3354/ame010105) / Aquat. Microb. Ecol. by CPD Brussaard (1996)
  80. Dymond, J. & Lyle, M. Flux comparisons between sediments and sediment traps in the Eastern Tropical Pacific: implications for atmospheric CO2variations during the Pleistocene. Limnol. Oceanogr. 30, 699–712 (1995). (10.4319/lo.1985.30.4.0699) / Limnol. Oceanogr. by J Dymond (1995)
  81. Malin, G., Turner, S. M., Liss, P. S. & Aiken. Sulfur—the plankton climate connection. J. Phycol. 28, 590–597 (1992). (10.1111/j.0022-3646.1992.00590.x) / J. Phycol. by G Malin (1992)
  82. Shibata, A., Kogure, K., Koike, I. & Ohwada, K. Formation of submicron colloidal particles from marine bacteria by viral infection. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 155, 303–307 (1997). (10.3354/meps155303) / Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. by A Shibata (1997)
  83. Gonzalez, J. M. & Suttle, C. A. Grazing by marine nanoflagellates on viruses and virus-sized particles-ingestion and digestion. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 94, 1–10 (1993). (10.3354/meps094001) / Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. by JM Gonzalez (1993)
  84. Hill, R. W., White, B. A., Cottrell, M. T. & Dacey, J. W. H. Virus-mediated total release of dimethylsulfoniopropionate from marine phytoplankton: a potential climate process. Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 14, 1–6 (1998). (10.3354/ame014001) / Aquat. Microb. Ecol. by RW Hill (1998)
  85. Malin, G., Wilson, W. H., Bratbak, G., Liss, P. S. & Mann, N. H. Elevated production of dimethylsulfide resulting from viral infection of cultures of Phaeocystis pouchetii. Limnol. Oceanogr. 43, 1389–1393 (1998). (10.4319/lo.1998.43.6.1389) / Limnol. Oceanogr. by G Malin (1998)
  86. Kiene, R. P. & Bates, T. S. Biological removal of dimethyl sulphide from sea water. Nature 345, 702–705 (1990). (10.1038/345702a0) / Nature by RP Kiene (1990)
  87. Fuhrman, J. A. in Manual of Environmental Microbiology(eds Hurst, C. J., Knudsen, C. R., McInerney, M. J., Stetzenbach, L. D. & Walter, M. V.) 1–894 (American Society for Microbiology, Washington DC, (1997). / Manual of Environmental Microbiology by JA Fuhrman (1997)
  88. Levin, B. R., Steward, F. M. & Chao, L. Resource-limited growth, competition, and predation: a model and experimental studies with bacteria and bacteriophage. Am. Nat. 111, 3 (1977). (10.1086/283134) / Am. Nat. by BR Levin (1977)
  89. Hennes, K. P., Suttle, C. A. & Chan, A. M. Fluorescently labeled virus probes show that natural virus populations can control the structure of marine microbial communities. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61, 3623–3627 (1995). (10.1128/AEM.61.10.3623-3627.1995) / Appl. Environ. Microbiol. by KP Hennes (1995)
  90. Hutchinson, G. E. The paradox of the plankton. Am. Nat. 45, 137–145 (1961). (10.1086/282171) / Am. Nat. by GE Hutchinson (1961)
  91. Siegel, D. A. Resource competition in a discrete environment: why are plankton distributions paradoxical? Limnol. Oceanogr. 43, 1133–1146 (1998). (10.4319/lo.1998.43.6.1133) / Limnol. Oceanogr. by DA Siegel (1998)
  92. Thingstad, T. F. & Lignell, R. Theoretical models for the control of bacterial growth rate, abundance, diversity and carbon demand. Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 13, 19–27 (1997). (10.3354/ame013019) / Aquat. Microb. Ecol. by TF Thingstad (1997)
  93. Wommack, K. E., Ravel, J., Hill, R. T. & Colwell, R. R. Hybridization analysis of Chesapeake Bay virioplankton. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65, 241–250 (1999). (10.1128/AEM.65.1.241-250.1999) / Appl. Environ. Microbiol. by KE Wommack (1999)
  94. Bohannan, B. J. M. & Lenski, R. E. Effect of resource enrichment on a chemostat community of bacteria and bacteriophage. Ecology 78, 2303–2315 (1997). (10.1890/0012-9658(1997)078[2303:EOREOA]2.0.CO;2) / Ecology by BJM Bohannan (1997)
  95. Hollibaugh, J. T. & Azam, F. Microbial degradation of dissolved proteins in the seawater. Limnol. Oceanogr. 28, 1104–1116 (1983). (10.4319/lo.1983.28.6.1104) / Limnol. Oceanogr. by JT Hollibaugh (1983)
  96. Jiang, S. C. & Paul, J. H. Occurrence by lysogenic bacteria in marine microbial communities as determined by prophage induction. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 142, 27–38 (1996). (10.3354/meps142027) / Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. by SC Jiang (1996)
  97. Tapper, M. A. & Hicks, R. E. Temperate viruses and lysogeny in Lake Superior bacterioplankton. Limnol. Oceanogr. 43, 95–103 (1998). (10.4319/lo.1998.43.1.0095) / Limnol. Oceanogr. by MA Tapper (1998)
  98. Cochran, P. K. & Paul, J. H. Seasonal abundance of lysogenic bacteria in a subtropical estuary. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64, 2308–2312 (1998). (10.1128/AEM.64.6.2308-2312.1998) / Appl. Environ. Microbiol. by PK Cochran (1998)
  99. Jiang, S. C. & Paul, J. H. Significance of lysogeny in the marine-environment—studies with isolates and a model of lysogenic phage production. Microb. Ecol. 35, 235–243 (1998). (10.1007/s002489900079) / Microb. Ecol. by SC Jiang (1998)
  100. Cochran, P. K., Kellogg, C. A. & Paul, J. H. Prophage induction of indigenous marine lysogenic bacteria by environmental pollutants. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 164, 124–133 (1998). (10.3354/meps164125) / Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. by PK Cochran (1998)
  101. Wilcox, R. M. & Fuhrman, J. A. Bacterial viruses in coastal seawater: lytic rather than lysogenic production. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 114, 35–45 (1994). (10.3354/meps114035) / Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. by RM Wilcox (1994)
  102. Weinbauer, M. G. & Suttle, C. A. Potential significance of lysogeny to bacteriophage production and bacterial mortality in coastal waters of the Gulf-of-Mexico. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62, 4374–4380 (1996). (10.1128/AEM.62.12.4374-4380.1996) / Appl. Environ. Microbiol. by MG Weinbauer (1996)
  103. Ripp, S., Ogunseitan, O. A. & Miller, R. V. Transduction of a freshwater microbial community by a new Pseudomonas aeruginosa generalized transducing phage, Utl. Mol. Ecol. 3, 121–126 (1994). (10.1111/j.1365-294X.1994.tb00112.x) / Mol. Ecol. by S Ripp (1994)
  104. Jiang, S. C. & Paul, J. H. Gene transfer by transduction in the marine environment. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64, 2780–2787 (1998). (10.1128/AEM.64.8.2780-2787.1998) / Appl. Environ. Microbiol. by SC Jiang (1998)
  105. Sverdrup, H. U., Johnson, M. W. & Fleming, R. H. The Oceans(Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, (1942). / The Oceans by HU Sverdrup (1942)
Dates
Type When
Created 23 years, 1 month ago (July 26, 2002, 4:39 a.m.)
Deposited 3 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 1, 2021, 5:59 p.m.)
Indexed 2 days, 21 hours ago (Aug. 28, 2025, 8:10 a.m.)
Issued 26 years, 2 months ago (June 1, 1999)
Published 26 years, 2 months ago (June 1, 1999)
Published Print 26 years, 2 months ago (June 1, 1999)
Funders 0

None

@article{Fuhrman_1999, title={Marine viruses and their biogeochemical and ecological effects}, volume={399}, ISSN={1476-4687}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/21119}, DOI={10.1038/21119}, number={6736}, journal={Nature}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Fuhrman, Jed A.}, year={1999}, month=jun, pages={541–548} }