DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900015. Impact of a new scheme for optical properties of ice crystals on climates of two GCMs

Impact of a new scheme for optical properties of ice crystals on climates of two GCMs

10.1029/2000jd900015

Crossref journal-article

American Geophysical Union (AGU)

Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres (13)

Abstract

A new parameterization scheme for the optical properties of nonspherical ice crystals is implemented in two global climate models. The scheme is based on polynomial fits to the results from a more elaborate scheme recently developed by the third author. The scheme assumes a temperature dependency of ice crystal size and is able to handle five different crystal shapes. We first carry out sensitivity experiments highlighting the direct (“noninteractive”) forcing effect of the new scheme for different assumptions on ice crystal shape and size. It is found that the effects of crystal shape and size are of comparable importance in determining the radiative fluxes at the top of the atmosphere. We have further conducted multiyear simulations with full dynamic coupling. In these experiments we have chosen planar polycrystals as our basic crystal shape. Compared to control integrations with columns in one case and 30 μm spheres in the other, we find a reduction in the cold biases of the models in the upper tropical troposphere. This is shown to be mainly due to enhanced longwave radiative warming there, caused by the presence of smaller ice crystals. The upper tropospheric warming affects tropical convection in such a way that moisture and ice water distributions are modified. Consequently, relative humidity biases are somewhat reduced in both models. In one of the models there is a significant improvement in the longwave radiative budget at the top of the atmosphere, while in the other, the radiative budget remains in fairly close agreement with observations.

Bibliography

KristjÃ¡nsson, J. E., Edwards, J. M., & Mitchell, D. L. (2000). Impact of a new scheme for optical properties of ice crystals on climates of two GCMs. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 105(D8), 10063â10079. Portico.

Authors 3

J. E. Kristjánsson (first)
J. M. Edwards (additional)
D. L. Mitchell (additional)

References 46 Referenced 102

10.1029/97JD03122
10.1029/92JD00291
10.1029/96JD00822
10.1029/1998JD200063
10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<0270:APCWPF>2.0.CO;2
10.1029/97JD01488
10.1029/91JD02472
10.1002/qj.49712253107
10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<0530:LAICMI>2.0.CO;2
10.1175/1520-0469(1995)052<1142:SAOOTS>2.0.CO;2
10.1029/1999JD900438
10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<2058:AAPOTS>2.0.CO;2
10.1175/1520-0469(1993)050<2008:POTRPO>2.0.CO;2
10.1175/1520-0477(1992)073<1962:ATAMIP>2.0.CO;2
10.1007/BF00216271
10.1175/1520-0493(1990)118<1483:AMFCSW>2.0.CO;2
Hack J. J. B. A.Boville J. T.Kiehl P. J.Rasch D. L.Williamson Description of the NCAR Community Climate Model (CCM2)NCAR/TN‐382‐I‐STR 108Natl. Cent. for Atmos. Res. Boulder Colo. 1993.
10.1175/1520-0442(1998)011<1179:THATCO>2.0.CO;2
10.1029/JD095iD11p18687
10.1175/1520-0469(1989)046<1922:ERBACS>2.0.CO;2
Hartmann D. L. Global Physical Climatology 56 Int. Geophys. Ser 411 Academic San Diego Calif. 1994.
10.1175/1520-0493(1990)118<2313:TOFICC>2.0.CO;2
10.1175/1520-0442(1998)011<1131:TNCFAR>2.0.CO;2
10.1175/1520-0442(1998)011<1151:TEBOTN>2.0.CO;2
10.1029/GL009i006p00613
10.1016/S1464-1909(98)00043-4
10.1175/1520-0477(1990)071<0288:SCCGW>2.0.CO;2
10.1007/BF01026622
10.1029/95JD01383
10.1364/AO.32.002780
10.1175/1520-0469(1996)053<2401:MCOTAS>2.0.CO;2
10.1007/BF00209514
10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<1311:POTMEA>2.0.CO;2
10.1175/1520-0469(1996)053<2952:MCCPIT>2.0.CO;2
10.1175/1520-0469(1996)053<2967:MCCPIT>2.0.CO;2
Mitchell D. L. G. M.McFarquhar D.Ivanova A.Macke Testing an ice cloud radiation scheme with tropical anvil and mid‐latitude case studies: Scattering implicationsConference on Light Scattering by Nonspherical Particles: Theory Measurements and ApplicationsGoddard Institute for Space StudiesNew York29 Sept.‐ 1 Oct. 1998 1998.
10.1175/1520-0442(1992)005<0005:CDACMO>2.0.CO;2
10.1016/0169-8095(94)00014-5
10.1007/s003820050009
10.1038/351027a0
10.1175/1520-0469(1989)046<1943:IARCAL>2.0.CO;2
10.1175/1520-0442(1998)011<1587:ACOTCM>2.0.CO;2
10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077<0053:OTGVOP>2.0.CO;2
10.1175/1520-0469(1989)046<1419:AGPFTS>2.0.CO;2
10.1175/1520-0442(1998)011<1793:TERIIC>2.0.CO;2
10.1080/07055900.1995.9649539

Dates

Type	When
Created	22 years, 11 months ago (Sept. 17, 2002, 6:12 p.m.)
Deposited	1 year, 11 months ago (Sept. 22, 2023, 11:08 a.m.)
Indexed	2 months, 1 week ago (June 26, 2025, 4:04 a.m.)
Issued	25 years, 5 months ago (April 1, 2000)
Published	25 years, 5 months ago (April 1, 2000)
Published Online	25 years, 5 months ago (April 1, 2000)
Published Print	25 years, 4 months ago (April 27, 2000)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Kristj_nsson_2000, title={Impact of a new scheme for optical properties of ice crystals on climates of two GCMs}, volume={105}, ISSN={0148-0227}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000jd900015}, DOI={10.1029/2000jd900015}, number={D8}, journal={Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres}, publisher={American Geophysical Union (AGU)}, author={Kristjánsson, J. E. and Edwards, J. M. and Mitchell, D. L.}, year={2000}, month=apr, pages={10063–10079} }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2025,
        6,
        26
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2025-06-26T08:04:44Z",
    "timestamp": 1750925084589
  },
  "reference-count": 46,
  "publisher": "American Geophysical Union (AGU)",
  "issue": "D8",
  "license": [
    {
      "start": {
        "date-parts": [
          [
            2000,
            4,
            1
          ]
        ],
        "date-time": "2000-04-01T00:00:00Z",
        "timestamp": 954547200000
      },
      "content-version": "vor",
      "delay-in-days": 0,
      "URL": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor"
    }
  ],
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [],
    "crossmark-restriction": false
  },
  "published-print": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2000,
        4,
        27
      ]
    ]
  },
  "abstract": "<jats:p>A new parameterization scheme for the optical properties of nonspherical ice crystals is implemented in two global climate models. The scheme is based on polynomial fits to the results from a more elaborate scheme recently developed by the third author. The scheme assumes a temperature dependency of ice crystal size and is able to handle five different crystal shapes. We first carry out sensitivity experiments highlighting the direct (\u201cnoninteractive\u201d) forcing effect of the new scheme for different assumptions on ice crystal shape and size. It is found that the effects of crystal shape and size are of comparable importance in determining the radiative fluxes at the top of the atmosphere. We have further conducted multiyear simulations with full dynamic coupling. In these experiments we have chosen planar polycrystals as our basic crystal shape. Compared to control integrations with columns in one case and 30 \u03bcm spheres in the other, we find a reduction in the cold biases of the models in the upper tropical troposphere. This is shown to be mainly due to enhanced longwave radiative warming there, caused by the presence of smaller ice crystals. The upper tropospheric warming affects tropical convection in such a way that moisture and ice water distributions are modified. Consequently, relative humidity biases are somewhat reduced in both models. In one of the models there is a significant improvement in the longwave radiative budget at the top of the atmosphere, while in the other, the radiative budget remains in fairly close agreement with observations.</jats:p>",
  "DOI": "10.1029/2000jd900015",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2002,
        9,
        17
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2002-09-17T22:12:16Z",
    "timestamp": 1032300736000
  },
  "page": "10063-10079",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 102,
  "title": "Impact of a new scheme for optical properties of ice crystals on climates of two GCMs",
  "prefix": "10.1029",
  "volume": "105",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "J. E.",
      "family": "Kristj\u00e1nsson",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "J. M.",
      "family": "Edwards",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "D. L.",
      "family": "Mitchell",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    }
  ],
  "member": "13",
  "published-online": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2000,
        4
      ]
    ]
  },
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_2_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1029/97JD03122"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_3_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1029/92JD00291"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_4_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1029/96JD00822"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_5_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1029/1998JD200063"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_6_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<0270:APCWPF>2.0.CO;2"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_7_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1029/97JD01488"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_8_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1029/91JD02472"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_9_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1002/qj.49712253107"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_10_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<0530:LAICMI>2.0.CO;2"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_11_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1175/1520-0469(1995)052<1142:SAOOTS>2.0.CO;2"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_12_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1029/1999JD900438"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_13_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<2058:AAPOTS>2.0.CO;2"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_14_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1175/1520-0469(1993)050<2008:POTRPO>2.0.CO;2"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_15_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1175/1520-0477(1992)073<1962:ATAMIP>2.0.CO;2"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_16_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1007/BF00216271"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_17_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1175/1520-0493(1990)118<1483:AMFCSW>2.0.CO;2"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_18_1",
      "unstructured": "Hack J. J. B. A.Boville J. T.Kiehl P. J.Rasch D. L.Williamson Description of the NCAR Community Climate Model (CCM2)NCAR/TN\u2010382\u2010I\u2010STR 108Natl. Cent. for Atmos. Res. Boulder Colo. 1993."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_19_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1175/1520-0442(1998)011<1179:THATCO>2.0.CO;2"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_20_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1029/JD095iD11p18687"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_21_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1175/1520-0469(1989)046<1922:ERBACS>2.0.CO;2"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_22_1",
      "unstructured": "Hartmann D. L. Global Physical Climatology 56 Int. Geophys. Ser 411 Academic San Diego Calif. 1994."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_23_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1175/1520-0493(1990)118<2313:TOFICC>2.0.CO;2"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_24_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1175/1520-0442(1998)011<1131:TNCFAR>2.0.CO;2"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_25_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1175/1520-0442(1998)011<1151:TEBOTN>2.0.CO;2"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_26_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1029/GL009i006p00613"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_27_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S1464-1909(98)00043-4"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_28_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1175/1520-0477(1990)071<0288:SCCGW>2.0.CO;2"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_29_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1007/BF01026622"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_30_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1029/95JD01383"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_31_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1364/AO.32.002780"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_32_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1175/1520-0469(1996)053<2401:MCOTAS>2.0.CO;2"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_33_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1007/BF00209514"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_34_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<1311:POTMEA>2.0.CO;2"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_35_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1175/1520-0469(1996)053<2952:MCCPIT>2.0.CO;2"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_36_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1175/1520-0469(1996)053<2967:MCCPIT>2.0.CO;2"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_37_1",
      "unstructured": "Mitchell D. L. G. M.McFarquhar D.Ivanova A.Macke Testing an ice cloud radiation scheme with tropical anvil and mid\u2010latitude case studies: Scattering implicationsConference on Light Scattering by Nonspherical Particles: Theory Measurements and ApplicationsGoddard Institute for Space StudiesNew York29 Sept.\u2010 1 Oct. 1998 1998."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_38_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1175/1520-0442(1992)005<0005:CDACMO>2.0.CO;2"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_39_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0169-8095(94)00014-5"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_40_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1007/s003820050009"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_41_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/351027a0"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_42_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1175/1520-0469(1989)046<1943:IARCAL>2.0.CO;2"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_43_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1175/1520-0442(1998)011<1587:ACOTCM>2.0.CO;2"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_44_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077<0053:OTGVOP>2.0.CO;2"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_45_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1175/1520-0469(1989)046<1419:AGPFTS>2.0.CO;2"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_46_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1175/1520-0442(1998)011<1793:TERIIC>2.0.CO;2"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_47_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1080/07055900.1995.9649539"
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1029%2F2000JD900015",
      "content-type": "unspecified",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "text-mining"
    },
    {
      "URL": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2000JD900015",
      "content-type": "unspecified",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "similarity-checking"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2023,
        9,
        22
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2023-09-22T15:08:15Z",
    "timestamp": 1695395295000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2000JD900015"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2000,
        4
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 46,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "D8",
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2000,
          4,
          27
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "alternative-id": [
    "10.1029/2000JD900015"
  ],
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900015",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "0148-0227"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "container-title-short": "J. Geophys. Res.",
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2000,
        4
      ]
    ]
  }
}