DOI: 10.1021/cm2019668. Design of New Electron Acceptor Materials for Organic Photovoltaics: Synthesis, Electron Transport, Photophysics, and Photovoltaic Properties of Oligothiophene-Functionalized Naphthalene Diimides

Design of New Electron Acceptor Materials for Organic Photovoltaics: Synthesis, Electron Transport, Photophysics, and Photovoltaic Properties of Oligothiophene-Functionalized Naphthalene Diimides

10.1021/cm2019668

Crossref journal-article

American Chemical Society (ACS)

Chemistry of Materials (316)

Bibliography

Ahmed, E., Ren, G., Kim, F. S., Hollenbeck, E. C., & Jenekhe, S. A. (2011). Design of New Electron Acceptor Materials for Organic Photovoltaics: Synthesis, Electron Transport, Photophysics, and Photovoltaic Properties of Oligothiophene-Functionalized Naphthalene Diimides. Chemistry of Materials, 23(20), 4563â4577.

Authors 5

Eilaf Ahmed (first)
Guoqiang Ren (additional)
Felix S. Kim (additional)
Emily C. Hollenbeck (additional)
Samson A. Jenekhe (additional)

References 150 Referenced 175

10.1021/cr050149z / Chem. Rev. by Gunes S. (2007)
10.1002/anie.200702506 / Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. by Thompson B. C. (2008)
10.1021/cm049654n / Chem. Mater. by Coakley K. M. (2004)
10.1002/adma.200801283 / Adv. Mater. by Dennler G. (2009)
10.1002/adma.200802854 / Adv. Mater. by Chen L.-M. (2009)
10.1021/jp022507x / J. Phys. Chem. B by Gregg B. A. (2003)
10.1021/ja076568q / J. Am. Chem. Soc. by Ohkita H. (2008)
10.1021/cr900271s / Chem. Rev. by Clarke T. M. (2010)
10.1021/ar900099h / Acc. Chem. Res. by Brédas J.-L. (2009)
10.1002/adma.200601093 / Adv. Mater. by Blom P. W. M. (2007)
10.1016/0379-6779(94)90215-1 / Synth. Met. by Antoniadis A. (1994)
{'key': 'ref4/cit4b', 'first-page': '1379', 'volume': '6', 'author': 'Marks R. N.', 'year': '1994', 'journal-title': 'J. Phys.: Condens. Matter'} / J. Phys.: Condens. Matter by Marks R. N. (1994)
10.1063/1.96937 / Appl. Phys. Lett. by Tang C. W. (1986)
10.1063/1.1384001 / Appl. Phys. Lett. by Peumans P. (2001)
10.1063/1.108863 / Appl. Phys. Lett. by Sariciftci N. S. (1993)
10.1063/1.359792 / J. Appl. Phys. by Yu G. (1995)
10.1038/376498a0 / Nature by Halls J. J. M. (1995)
10.1021/ja901545q / J. Am. Chem. Soc. by Liang Y. (2009)
10.1002/adma.200903528 / Adv. Mater. by Liang Y. (2010)
10.1038/nphoton.2009.69 / Nat. Photonics by Park S. H. (2009)
10.1021/ja103275u / J. Am. Chem. Soc. by Piliego C. (2010)
10.1021/ma9015278 / Macromolecules by Ahmed E. (2009)
10.1039/b900073a / J. Mater. Chem. by Xin H. (2009)
10.1021/nn800878c / ACS Nano by Bull T. A. (2009)
10.1021/ma901829d / Macromolecules by Wu P.-T. (2009)
10.1021/ma101878w / Macromolecules by Guo X. (2011)
10.1021/ma100006x / Macromolecules by Wu P.-T. (2010)
10.1002/aenm.201100215 / Adv. Energy Mater. by Subramaniyan S. (2011)
10.1021/ja800411b / J. Am. Chem. Soc. by Xin H. (2008)
10.1021/cm801324m / Chem. Mater. by Xin H. (2008)
10.1002/adfm.200900832 / Adv. Funct. Mater. by Walker B. (2009)
10.1126/science.1069156 / Science by Huynh W. U. (2002)
10.1021/nl0342895 / Nano Lett. by Sun B. (2003)
10.1021/ja0489184 / J. Am. Chem. Soc. by Liu J. (2004)
10.1021/nl903406s / Nano Lett. by Dayal S. (2010)
10.1021/nl1013663 / Nano Lett. by Noone K. M. (2010)
10.1063/1.123659 / Appl. Phys. Lett. by Arango A. C. (1999)
10.1063/1.1616197 / Appl. Phys. Lett. by Coakley K. M. (2003)
10.1063/1.2937472 / Appl. Phys. Lett. by Kuo C. Y. (2008)
10.1063/1.1428416 / Appl. Phys. Lett. by Kymakis E. (2002)
10.1063/1.1535231 / J. Appl. Phys. by Kymakis E. (2003)
10.1002/pip.604 / Prog. Photovolt.: Res. Appl. by Landi B. J. (2005)
10.1021/ja065035z / J. Am. Chem. Soc. by Geng J. (2006)
10.1002/(SICI)1521-4095(199910)11:15<1281::AID-ADMA1281>3.0.CO;2-6 / Adv. Mater. by Ago H. (1999)
10.1002/adma.200800366 / Adv. Mater. by Liu Z. (2008)
10.1002/adfm.200800954 / Adv. Funct. Mater. by Liu Q. (2009)
10.1021/cm1023019 / Chem. Mater. by Anthony J. E. (2011)
10.1016/S1369-7021(07)70277-8 / Mater. Today by Lloyd M. T. (2007)
10.1002/anie.200905117 / Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. by Brunetti F. G. (2010)
10.1039/b924404b / J. Mater. Chem. by Sonar P. (2010)
10.1002/marc.201000133 / Macromol. Rapid Commun. by Karsten B. P. (2010)
10.1002/1521-4095(200009)12:17<1270::AID-ADMA1270>3.0.CO;2-8 / Adv. Mater. by Dittmer J. J. (2000)
10.1126/science.293.5532.1119 / Science by Schmidt-Mende L. (2001)
10.1039/B512373A / J. Mater. Chem. by Li J. (2006)
10.1021/cm900911x / Chem. Mater. by Rajaram S. (2009)
10.1002/adma.200305168 / Adv. Mater. by de Bettignies R. (2003)
10.1039/B512983D / J. Mater. Chem. by Shin W. S. (2006)
10.1021/ja905980w / J. Am. Chem. Soc. by Bu L. (2009)
10.1039/B918527E / J. Mater. Chem. by Sharma G. D. (2010)
10.1021/cm070144d / Chem. Mater. by Shin R. Y. C. (2007)
10.1002/marc.200900221 / Macromol. Rapid Commun. by Inal S. (2009)
10.1021/cm903067a / Chem. Mater. by Woo C. H. (2010)
10.1039/b818693f / J. Mater. Chem. by Lim Y. F. (2009)
10.1039/C0SC00433B / Chem. Sci. by Shu Y. (2011)
10.1039/c0ee00668h / Energy Environ. Sci. by Sonar P. (2011)
10.1021/cm0497069 / Chem. Mater. by Alam M. M. (2004)
10.1063/1.1320022 / Appl. Phys. Lett. by Jenekhe S. A. (2000)
10.1021/cm050148n / Chem. Mater. by Kietzke T. (2005)
10.1063/1.2176863 / Appl. Phys. Lett. by Koetse M. M. (2006)
10.1021/ja9059359 / J. Am. Chem. Soc. by Holcombe T. W. (2009)
10.1021/ja071760d / J. Am. Chem. Soc. by Zhan X. (2007)
10.1002/anie.201005408 / Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. by Zhou E. (2011)
10.1021/ma801504e / Macromolecules by Zhang Q. (2009)
10.1063/1.2738197 / Appl. Phys. Lett. by McNeill C. R. (2007)
10.1002/adfm.200800182 / Adv. Funct. Mater. by McNeill C. R. (2008)
10.1021/ja00003a053 / J. Am. Chem. Soc. by Allemand P.-M. (1991)
10.1126/science.270.5243.1789 / Science by Yu G. (1995)
10.1016/j.orgel.2005.03.006 / Org. Electron. by Singh T. B. (2005)
10.1002/adma.200502752 / Adv. Mater. by Itaka K. (2006)
10.1063/1.2387892 / Appl. Phys. Lett. by Anthopoulos T. D. (2006)
10.1063/1.2778472 / Appl. Phys. Lett. by Zhang X.-H. (2007)
10.1021/nn9014906 / ACS Nano by Xin H. (2010)
10.1021/nn1017632 / ACS Nano by Ren G. (2011)
10.1021/cm903783w / Chem. Mater. by Ren G. (2010)
10.1021/ma802874v / Macromolecules by Wu P.-T. (2009)
10.1021/cm102772x / Chem. Mater. by Kim F. S. (2011)
10.1021/ja710079w / J. Am. Chem. Soc. by Lee J. K. (2008)
10.1038/nmat1928 / Nat. Mater. by Peet J. (2007)
10.1021/ma0618732 / Macromolecules by Yang X. (2007)
10.1021/nl048120i / Nano Lett. by Yang X. (2005)
10.1002/adfm.200701459 / Adv. Funct. Mater. by Yao Y. (2008)
10.1002/adfm.200600922 / Adv. Funct. Mater. by Berson S. (2007)
10.1002/1616-3028(200110)11:5<374::AID-ADFM374>3.0.CO;2-W / Adv. Funct. Mater. by Brabec C. J. (2001)
10.1063/1.1650878 / Appl. Phys. Lett. by Gadisa A. (2004)
10.1021/ar900139v / Acc. Chem. Res. by Potscavage W. J. (2009)
10.1021/ja9007722 / J. Am. Chem. Soc. by Perez M. D. (2009)
10.1038/nmat2548 / Nat. Mater. by Vandewal K. (2009)
10.1002/anie.200351647 / Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. by Wienk M. M. (2003)
10.1002/adfm.201001079 / Adv. Funct. Mater. by Reese M. O. (2010)
Hummelen, J. C.; Knol, J.; Sanchez, L.Organic photovoltaics. InProceedings of SPIE;Kafafi, Z. H., Ed.SPIE: 2001; Vol.4108, p76. (10.1117/12.416934)
10.1021/ja00029a058 / J. Am. Chem. Soc. by Creegan K. M. (1992)
10.1021/ar00015a009 / Acc. Chem. Res. by Wudl F. (1992)
10.1021/jo00108a012 / J. Org. Chem. by Hummelen J. C. (1995)
10.1002/1616-3028(20021016)12:10<709::AID-ADFM709>3.0.CO;2-N / Adv. Funct. Mater. by Brabec C. J. (2002)
10.1016/S0040-6090(01)01588-7 / Thin Solid Films by Winder C. (2002)
10.1002/adma.201003768 / Adv. Mater. by Gong X. (2011)
10.1063/1.3153962 / J. Appl. Phys. by Zhao W. (2009)
10.1016/j.orgel.2010.07.023 / Org. Electron. by Guan Z.-L. (2010)
10.1063/1.2957588 / J. Appl. Phys. by Akaike K. (2008)
10.1021/ma0100448 / Macromolecules by Jenekhe S. A. (2001)
10.1021/ma061861g / Macromolecules by Zhu Y. (2006)
10.1002/marc.200500616 / Macromol. Rapid Commun. by Champion R. D. (2005)
10.1038/35006603 / Nature by Katz H. E. (2000)
10.1002/adfm.201000655 / Adv. Funct. Mater. by Jung B. J. (2010)
10.1021/cm0704579 / Chem. Mater. by Jones B. A. (2007)
10.1021/cm201729s / Chem. Mater. by Polander L. E. (2011)
10.1021/cm7032614 / Chem. Mater. by See K. C. (2008)
10.1039/b915639a / J. Mater. Chem. by Gawrys P. (2010)
10.1038/nature07727 / Nature by Yan H. (2009)
10.1021/ma100997g / Macromolecules by Durban M. M. (2010)
10.1002/adma.200901819 / Adv. Mater. by Kim F. S. (2010)
10.1021/ol801918y / Org. Lett. by Guo X. (2008)
10.1021/ol026211l / Org. Lett. by Salhi F. (2002)
10.1021/jo070377o / J. Org. Chem. by Bair J. S. (2007)
10.1021/ja048988a / J. Am. Chem. Soc. by Facchetti A. (2004)
10.1021/cm970704g / Chem. Mater. by Garnier F. (1998)
10.1021/ja00072a026 / J. Am. Chem. Soc. by Garnier F. (1993)
10.1021/jp8039127 / J. Phys. Chem. C by Kleiner-Shuler L. (2008)
10.1021/ar900219n / Acc. Chem. Res. by Zhao Y. S. (2010)
10.1021/ja076392s / J. Am. Chem. Soc. by Geng J. (2008)
10.1021/cm800521p / Chem. Mater. by Lee D.-C. (2008)
10.1039/b806084c / Chem. Commun. by Lee D.-C. (2008)
10.1021/cm102147n / Chem. Mater. by Ahmed E. (2010)
10.1039/b501804h / Chem. Commun. by Schenning A. P. H. J. (2005)
10.1039/B401630K / Chem. Commun. by Würthner F. (2004)
10.1073/pnas.0811923106 / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. by Oh J. H. (2009)
10.1021/nl071495u / Nano Lett. by Briseno A. L. (2007)
10.1021/ja071903w / J. Am. Chem. Soc. by Che Y. (2007)
10.1021/ja052940v / J. Am. Chem. Soc. by Balakrishnan K. (2005)
10.1021/cm049473l / Chem. Mater. by Kulkarni A. P. (2004)
10.1021/cm9504753 / Chem. Mater. by Agrawal A. K. (1996)
10.1021/ma800304m / Macromolecules by Hancock J. M. (2008)
10.1021/cm702212w / Chem. Mater. by Zhu Y. (2008)
10.1093/oso/9780195129632.001.0001 / Electronic Process in Organic Crystals and Polymers by Pope M. (1999)
10.1002/pssa.200404339 / Phys. Status Solidi A by Arkhipov V. I. (2004)
10.1021/cr0501543 / Chem. Rev. by Zaumseil J. (2007)
10.1002/adfm.200305180 / Adv. Funct. Mater. by Babel A. (2004)
10.1002/adma.201001585 / Adv. Mater. by Earmme T. (2010)
10.1088/0957-4484/15/9/035 / Nanotechnology by Chirvase D. (2004)
10.1002/aenm.201100285 / Adv. Energy Mater. by Ren G. (2011)

Dates

Type	When
Created	13 years, 11 months ago (Sept. 30, 2011, 4:23 p.m.)
Deposited	5 months, 3 weeks ago (March 12, 2025, 4:24 a.m.)
Indexed	6 days, 20 hours ago (Aug. 28, 2025, 8:17 a.m.)
Issued	13 years, 11 months ago (Sept. 30, 2011)
Published	13 years, 11 months ago (Sept. 30, 2011)
Published Online	13 years, 11 months ago (Sept. 30, 2011)
Published Print	13 years, 10 months ago (Oct. 25, 2011)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Ahmed_2011, title={Design of New Electron Acceptor Materials for Organic Photovoltaics: Synthesis, Electron Transport, Photophysics, and Photovoltaic Properties of Oligothiophene-Functionalized Naphthalene Diimides}, volume={23}, ISSN={1520-5002}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm2019668}, DOI={10.1021/cm2019668}, number={20}, journal={Chemistry of Materials}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Ahmed, Eilaf and Ren, Guoqiang and Kim, Felix S. and Hollenbeck, Emily C. and Jenekhe, Samson A.}, year={2011}, month=sep, pages={4563–4577} }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2025,
        8,
        28
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2025-08-28T12:17:41Z",
    "timestamp": 1756383461533,
    "version": "3.38.0"
  },
  "reference-count": 150,
  "publisher": "American Chemical Society (ACS)",
  "issue": "20",
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [],
    "crossmark-restriction": false
  },
  "published-print": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2011,
        10,
        25
      ]
    ]
  },
  "DOI": "10.1021/cm2019668",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2011,
        9,
        30
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2011-09-30T20:23:48Z",
    "timestamp": 1317414228000
  },
  "page": "4563-4577",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 175,
  "title": "Design of New Electron Acceptor Materials for Organic Photovoltaics: Synthesis, Electron Transport, Photophysics, and Photovoltaic Properties of Oligothiophene-Functionalized Naphthalene Diimides",
  "prefix": "10.1021",
  "volume": "23",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "Eilaf",
      "family": "Ahmed",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1750, United States"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Guoqiang",
      "family": "Ren",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1750, United States"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Felix S.",
      "family": "Kim",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1750, United States"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Emily C.",
      "family": "Hollenbeck",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1750, United States"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Samson A.",
      "family": "Jenekhe",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1750, United States"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "member": "316",
  "published-online": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2011,
        9,
        30
      ]
    ]
  },
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "ref1/cit1a",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1324",
      "DOI": "10.1021/cr050149z",
      "volume": "107",
      "author": "Gunes S.",
      "year": "2007",
      "journal-title": "Chem. Rev."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref1/cit1b",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "58",
      "DOI": "10.1002/anie.200702506",
      "volume": "47",
      "author": "Thompson B. C.",
      "year": "2008",
      "journal-title": "Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref1/cit1c",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "4533",
      "DOI": "10.1021/cm049654n",
      "volume": "16",
      "author": "Coakley K. M.",
      "year": "2004",
      "journal-title": "Chem. Mater."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref1/cit1d",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1323",
      "DOI": "10.1002/adma.200801283",
      "volume": "21",
      "author": "Dennler G.",
      "year": "2009",
      "journal-title": "Adv. Mater."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref1/cit1e",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1434",
      "DOI": "10.1002/adma.200802854",
      "volume": "21",
      "author": "Chen L.-M.",
      "year": "2009",
      "journal-title": "Adv. Mater."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref2/cit2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "4688",
      "DOI": "10.1021/jp022507x",
      "volume": "107",
      "author": "Gregg B. A.",
      "year": "2003",
      "journal-title": "J. Phys. Chem. B"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref3/cit3a",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "3030",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ja076568q",
      "volume": "130",
      "author": "Ohkita H.",
      "year": "2008",
      "journal-title": "J. Am. Chem. Soc."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref3/cit3b",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "6736",
      "DOI": "10.1021/cr900271s",
      "volume": "110",
      "author": "Clarke T. M.",
      "year": "2010",
      "journal-title": "Chem. Rev."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref3/cit3c",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1691",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ar900099h",
      "volume": "42",
      "author": "Br\u00e9das J.-L.",
      "year": "2009",
      "journal-title": "Acc. Chem. Res."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref3/cit3d",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1551",
      "DOI": "10.1002/adma.200601093",
      "volume": "19",
      "author": "Blom P. W. M.",
      "year": "2007",
      "journal-title": "Adv. Mater."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref4/cit4a",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "265",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0379-6779(94)90215-1",
      "volume": "62",
      "author": "Antoniadis A.",
      "year": "1994",
      "journal-title": "Synth. Met."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref4/cit4b",
      "first-page": "1379",
      "volume": "6",
      "author": "Marks R. N.",
      "year": "1994",
      "journal-title": "J. Phys.: Condens. Matter"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref5/cit5a",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "183",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.96937",
      "volume": "48",
      "author": "Tang C. W.",
      "year": "1986",
      "journal-title": "Appl. Phys. Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref5/cit5b",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "126",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.1384001",
      "volume": "79",
      "author": "Peumans P.",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Appl. Phys. Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref5/cit5c",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "585",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.108863",
      "volume": "62",
      "author": "Sariciftci N. S.",
      "year": "1993",
      "journal-title": "Appl. Phys. Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref6/cit6a",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "4510",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.359792",
      "volume": "78",
      "author": "Yu G.",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "J. Appl. Phys."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref6/cit6b",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "498",
      "DOI": "10.1038/376498a0",
      "volume": "376",
      "author": "Halls J. J. M.",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "Nature"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref7/cit7a",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "7792",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ja901545q",
      "volume": "131",
      "author": "Liang Y.",
      "year": "2009",
      "journal-title": "J. Am. Chem. Soc."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref7/cit7b",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "E135",
      "DOI": "10.1002/adma.200903528",
      "volume": "22",
      "author": "Liang Y.",
      "year": "2010",
      "journal-title": "Adv. Mater."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref7/cit7c",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "297",
      "DOI": "10.1038/nphoton.2009.69",
      "volume": "3",
      "author": "Park S. H.",
      "year": "2009",
      "journal-title": "Nat. Photonics"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref7/cit7d",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "7595",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ja103275u",
      "volume": "132",
      "author": "Piliego C.",
      "year": "2010",
      "journal-title": "J. Am. Chem. Soc."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref8/cit8a",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "8615",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ma9015278",
      "volume": "42",
      "author": "Ahmed E.",
      "year": "2009",
      "journal-title": "Macromolecules"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref8/cit8b",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "5303",
      "DOI": "10.1039/b900073a",
      "volume": "19",
      "author": "Xin H.",
      "year": "2009",
      "journal-title": "J. Mater. Chem."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref8/cit8c",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "627",
      "DOI": "10.1021/nn800878c",
      "volume": "3",
      "author": "Bull T. A.",
      "year": "2009",
      "journal-title": "ACS Nano"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref8/cit8d",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "8817",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ma901829d",
      "volume": "42",
      "author": "Wu P.-T.",
      "year": "2009",
      "journal-title": "Macromolecules"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref8/cit8e",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "269",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ma101878w",
      "volume": "44",
      "author": "Guo X.",
      "year": "2011",
      "journal-title": "Macromolecules"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref8/cit8f",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "3306",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ma100006x",
      "volume": "43",
      "author": "Wu P.-T.",
      "year": "2010",
      "journal-title": "Macromolecules"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref8/cit8g",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "854",
      "DOI": "10.1002/aenm.201100215",
      "volume": "1",
      "author": "Subramaniyan S.",
      "year": "2011",
      "journal-title": "Adv. Energy Mater."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref9/cit9a",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "5424",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ja800411b",
      "volume": "130",
      "author": "Xin H.",
      "year": "2008",
      "journal-title": "J. Am. Chem. Soc."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref9/cit9b",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "6199",
      "DOI": "10.1021/cm801324m",
      "volume": "20",
      "author": "Xin H.",
      "year": "2008",
      "journal-title": "Chem. Mater."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref10/cit10",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "3063",
      "DOI": "10.1002/adfm.200900832",
      "volume": "19",
      "author": "Walker B.",
      "year": "2009",
      "journal-title": "Adv. Funct. Mater."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref11/cit11a",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2425",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.1069156",
      "volume": "295",
      "author": "Huynh W. U.",
      "year": "2002",
      "journal-title": "Science"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref11/cit11b",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "961",
      "DOI": "10.1021/nl0342895",
      "volume": "3",
      "author": "Sun B.",
      "year": "2003",
      "journal-title": "Nano Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref11/cit11c",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "6550",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ja0489184",
      "volume": "126",
      "author": "Liu J.",
      "year": "2004",
      "journal-title": "J. Am. Chem. Soc."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref11/cit11d",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "239",
      "DOI": "10.1021/nl903406s",
      "volume": "10",
      "author": "Dayal S.",
      "year": "2010",
      "journal-title": "Nano Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref12/cit12",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2635",
      "DOI": "10.1021/nl1013663",
      "volume": "10",
      "author": "Noone K. M.",
      "year": "2010",
      "journal-title": "Nano Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref13/cit13a",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1698",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.123659",
      "volume": "74",
      "author": "Arango A. C.",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Appl. Phys. Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref13/cit13b",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "3380",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.1616197",
      "volume": "83",
      "author": "Coakley K. M.",
      "year": "2003",
      "journal-title": "Appl. Phys. Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref13/cit13c",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "033307",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.2937472",
      "volume": "93",
      "author": "Kuo C. Y.",
      "year": "2008",
      "journal-title": "Appl. Phys. Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref14/cit14a",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "112",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.1428416",
      "volume": "80",
      "author": "Kymakis E.",
      "year": "2002",
      "journal-title": "Appl. Phys. Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref14/cit14b",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1764",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.1535231",
      "volume": "93",
      "author": "Kymakis E.",
      "year": "2003",
      "journal-title": "J. Appl. Phys."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref14/cit14c",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "165",
      "DOI": "10.1002/pip.604",
      "volume": "13",
      "author": "Landi B. J.",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "Prog. Photovolt.: Res. Appl."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref14/cit14d",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "16827",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ja065035z",
      "volume": "128",
      "author": "Geng J.",
      "year": "2006",
      "journal-title": "J. Am. Chem. Soc."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref14/cit14e",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1281",
      "DOI": "10.1002/(SICI)1521-4095(199910)11:15<1281::AID-ADMA1281>3.0.CO;2-6",
      "volume": "11",
      "author": "Ago H.",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Adv. Mater."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref15/cit15a",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "3924",
      "DOI": "10.1002/adma.200800366",
      "volume": "20",
      "author": "Liu Z.",
      "year": "2008",
      "journal-title": "Adv. Mater."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref15/cit15b",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "894",
      "DOI": "10.1002/adfm.200800954",
      "volume": "19",
      "author": "Liu Q.",
      "year": "2009",
      "journal-title": "Adv. Funct. Mater."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref16/cit16a",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "583",
      "DOI": "10.1021/cm1023019",
      "volume": "23",
      "author": "Anthony J. E.",
      "year": "2011",
      "journal-title": "Chem. Mater."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref16/cit16b",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "34",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S1369-7021(07)70277-8",
      "volume": "10",
      "author": "Lloyd M. T.",
      "year": "2007",
      "journal-title": "Mater. Today"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref17/cit17a",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "532",
      "DOI": "10.1002/anie.200905117",
      "volume": "49",
      "author": "Brunetti F. G.",
      "year": "2010",
      "journal-title": "Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref17/cit17b",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "3626",
      "DOI": "10.1039/b924404b",
      "volume": "20",
      "author": "Sonar P.",
      "year": "2010",
      "journal-title": "J. Mater. Chem."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref17/cit17c",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1554",
      "DOI": "10.1002/marc.201000133",
      "volume": "31",
      "author": "Karsten B. P.",
      "year": "2010",
      "journal-title": "Macromol. Rapid Commun."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref18/cit18a",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1270",
      "DOI": "10.1002/1521-4095(200009)12:17<1270::AID-ADMA1270>3.0.CO;2-8",
      "volume": "12",
      "author": "Dittmer J. J.",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Adv. Mater."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref18/cit18b",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1119",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.293.5532.1119",
      "volume": "293",
      "author": "Schmidt-Mende L.",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Science"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref18/cit18c",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "96",
      "DOI": "10.1039/B512373A",
      "volume": "16",
      "author": "Li J.",
      "year": "2006",
      "journal-title": "J. Mater. Chem."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref18/cit18d",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1775",
      "DOI": "10.1021/cm900911x",
      "volume": "21",
      "author": "Rajaram S.",
      "year": "2009",
      "journal-title": "Chem. Mater."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref19/cit19a",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1939",
      "DOI": "10.1002/adma.200305168",
      "volume": "15",
      "author": "de Bettignies R.",
      "year": "2003",
      "journal-title": "Adv. Mater."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref19/cit19b",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "384",
      "DOI": "10.1039/B512983D",
      "volume": "16",
      "author": "Shin W. S.",
      "year": "2006",
      "journal-title": "J. Mater. Chem."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref19/cit19c",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "13242",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ja905980w",
      "volume": "13",
      "author": "Bu L.",
      "year": "2009",
      "journal-title": "J. Am. Chem. Soc."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref19/cit19d",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "561",
      "DOI": "10.1039/B918527E",
      "volume": "20",
      "author": "Sharma G. D.",
      "year": "2010",
      "journal-title": "J. Mater. Chem."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref20/cit20a",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1892",
      "DOI": "10.1021/cm070144d",
      "volume": "19",
      "author": "Shin R. Y. C.",
      "year": "2007",
      "journal-title": "Chem. Mater."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref20/cit20b",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1263",
      "DOI": "10.1002/marc.200900221",
      "volume": "30",
      "author": "Inal S.",
      "year": "2009",
      "journal-title": "Macromol. Rapid Commun."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref20/cit20c",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1673",
      "DOI": "10.1021/cm903067a",
      "volume": "22",
      "author": "Woo C. H.",
      "year": "2010",
      "journal-title": "Chem. Mater."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref21/cit21a",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "3049",
      "DOI": "10.1039/b818693f",
      "volume": "19",
      "author": "Lim Y. F.",
      "year": "2009",
      "journal-title": "J. Mater. Chem."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref21/cit21b",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "363",
      "DOI": "10.1039/C0SC00433B",
      "volume": "2",
      "author": "Shu Y.",
      "year": "2011",
      "journal-title": "Chem. Sci."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref22/cit22",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1558",
      "DOI": "10.1039/c0ee00668h",
      "volume": "4",
      "author": "Sonar P.",
      "year": "2011",
      "journal-title": "Energy Environ. Sci."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref23/cit23a",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "4647",
      "DOI": "10.1021/cm0497069",
      "volume": "16",
      "author": "Alam M. M.",
      "year": "2004",
      "journal-title": "Chem. Mater."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref23/cit23b",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2635",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.1320022",
      "volume": "77",
      "author": "Jenekhe S. A.",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Appl. Phys. Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref24/cit24a",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "6532",
      "DOI": "10.1021/cm050148n",
      "volume": "17",
      "author": "Kietzke T.",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "Chem. Mater."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref24/cit24b",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "083504",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.2176863",
      "volume": "88",
      "author": "Koetse M. M.",
      "year": "2006",
      "journal-title": "Appl. Phys. Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref24/cit24c",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "14160",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ja9059359",
      "volume": "131",
      "author": "Holcombe T. W.",
      "year": "2009",
      "journal-title": "J. Am. Chem. Soc."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref25/cit25a",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "7246",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ja071760d",
      "volume": "129",
      "author": "Zhan X.",
      "year": "2007",
      "journal-title": "J. Am. Chem. Soc."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref25/cit25b",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2799",
      "DOI": "10.1002/anie.201005408",
      "volume": "50",
      "author": "Zhou E.",
      "year": "2011",
      "journal-title": "Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref25/cit25c",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1079",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ma801504e",
      "volume": "42",
      "author": "Zhang Q.",
      "year": "2009",
      "journal-title": "Macromolecules"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref26/cit26a",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "193506",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.2738197",
      "volume": "90",
      "author": "McNeill C. R.",
      "year": "2007",
      "journal-title": "Appl. Phys. Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref26/cit26b",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2309",
      "DOI": "10.1002/adfm.200800182",
      "volume": "18",
      "author": "McNeill C. R.",
      "year": "2008",
      "journal-title": "Adv. Funct. Mater."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref27/cit27a",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1050",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ja00003a053",
      "volume": "113",
      "author": "Allemand P.-M.",
      "year": "1991",
      "journal-title": "J. Am. Chem. Soc."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref27/cit27b",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1789",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.270.5243.1789",
      "volume": "270",
      "author": "Yu G.",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "Science"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref28/cit28a",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "105",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.orgel.2005.03.006",
      "volume": "6",
      "author": "Singh T. B.",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "Org. Electron."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref28/cit28b",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1713",
      "DOI": "10.1002/adma.200502752",
      "volume": "18",
      "author": "Itaka K.",
      "year": "2006",
      "journal-title": "Adv. Mater."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref28/cit28c",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "213504",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.2387892",
      "volume": "89",
      "author": "Anthopoulos T. D.",
      "year": "2006",
      "journal-title": "Appl. Phys. Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref28/cit28d",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "092114",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.2778472",
      "volume": "91",
      "author": "Zhang X.-H.",
      "year": "2007",
      "journal-title": "Appl. Phys. Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref29/cit29a",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1861",
      "DOI": "10.1021/nn9014906",
      "volume": "4",
      "author": "Xin H.",
      "year": "2010",
      "journal-title": "ACS Nano"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref29/cit29b",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "376",
      "DOI": "10.1021/nn1017632",
      "volume": "5",
      "author": "Ren G.",
      "year": "2011",
      "journal-title": "ACS Nano"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref29/cit29c",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2020",
      "DOI": "10.1021/cm903783w",
      "volume": "22",
      "author": "Ren G.",
      "year": "2010",
      "journal-title": "Chem. Mater."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref29/cit29d",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2317",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ma802874v",
      "volume": "42",
      "author": "Wu P.-T.",
      "year": "2009",
      "journal-title": "Macromolecules"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref30/cit30",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "682",
      "DOI": "10.1021/cm102772x",
      "volume": "23",
      "author": "Kim F. S.",
      "year": "2011",
      "journal-title": "Chem. Mater."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref31/cit31a",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "3619",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ja710079w",
      "volume": "130",
      "author": "Lee J. K.",
      "year": "2008",
      "journal-title": "J. Am. Chem. Soc."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref31/cit31b",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "497",
      "DOI": "10.1038/nmat1928",
      "volume": "6",
      "author": "Peet J.",
      "year": "2007",
      "journal-title": "Nat. Mater."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref32/cit32a",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1353",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ma0618732",
      "volume": "40",
      "author": "Yang X.",
      "year": "2007",
      "journal-title": "Macromolecules"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref32/cit32b",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "579",
      "DOI": "10.1021/nl048120i",
      "volume": "5",
      "author": "Yang X.",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "Nano Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref32/cit32c",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1783",
      "DOI": "10.1002/adfm.200701459",
      "volume": "18",
      "author": "Yao Y.",
      "year": "2008",
      "journal-title": "Adv. Funct. Mater."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref32/cit32d",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1377",
      "DOI": "10.1002/adfm.200600922",
      "volume": "17",
      "author": "Berson S.",
      "year": "2007",
      "journal-title": "Adv. Funct. Mater."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref33/cit33a",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "374",
      "DOI": "10.1002/1616-3028(200110)11:5<374::AID-ADFM374>3.0.CO;2-W",
      "volume": "11",
      "author": "Brabec C. J.",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Adv. Funct. Mater."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref33/cit33b",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1609",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.1650878",
      "volume": "84",
      "author": "Gadisa A.",
      "year": "2004",
      "journal-title": "Appl. Phys. Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref33/cit33c",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1758",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ar900139v",
      "volume": "42",
      "author": "Potscavage W. J.",
      "year": "2009",
      "journal-title": "Acc. Chem. Res."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref33/cit33d",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "9281",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ja9007722",
      "volume": "131",
      "author": "Perez M. D.",
      "year": "2009",
      "journal-title": "J. Am. Chem. Soc."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref33/cit33e",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "904",
      "DOI": "10.1038/nmat2548",
      "volume": "8",
      "author": "Vandewal K.",
      "year": "2009",
      "journal-title": "Nat. Mater."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref34/cit34",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "3371",
      "DOI": "10.1002/anie.200351647",
      "volume": "42",
      "author": "Wienk M. M.",
      "year": "2003",
      "journal-title": "Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref35/cit35a",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "3476",
      "DOI": "10.1002/adfm.201001079",
      "volume": "20",
      "author": "Reese M. O.",
      "year": "2010",
      "journal-title": "Adv. Funct. Mater."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref35/cit35b",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "unstructured": "Hummelen, J. C.; Knol, J.; Sanchez, L.Organic photovoltaics. InProceedings of SPIE;Kafafi, Z. H., Ed.SPIE: 2001; Vol.4108, p76.",
      "DOI": "10.1117/12.416934"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref35/cit35c",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1103",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ja00029a058",
      "volume": "114",
      "author": "Creegan K. M.",
      "year": "1992",
      "journal-title": "J. Am. Chem. Soc."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref36/cit36a",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "157",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ar00015a009",
      "volume": "25",
      "author": "Wudl F.",
      "year": "1992",
      "journal-title": "Acc. Chem. Res."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref36/cit36b",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "532",
      "DOI": "10.1021/jo00108a012",
      "volume": "60",
      "author": "Hummelen J. C.",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "J. Org. Chem."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref37/cit37a",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "709",
      "DOI": "10.1002/1616-3028(20021016)12:10<709::AID-ADFM709>3.0.CO;2-N",
      "volume": "12",
      "author": "Brabec C. J.",
      "year": "2002",
      "journal-title": "Adv. Funct. Mater."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref37/cit37b",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "373",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0040-6090(01)01588-7",
      "volume": "403",
      "author": "Winder C.",
      "year": "2002",
      "journal-title": "Thin Solid Films"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref37/cit37c",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2272",
      "DOI": "10.1002/adma.201003768",
      "volume": "23",
      "author": "Gong X.",
      "year": "2011",
      "journal-title": "Adv. Mater."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref38/cit38a",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "123711",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.3153962",
      "volume": "105",
      "author": "Zhao W.",
      "year": "2009",
      "journal-title": "J. Appl. Phys."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref38/cit38b",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1779",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.orgel.2010.07.023",
      "volume": "11",
      "author": "Guan Z.-L.",
      "year": "2010",
      "journal-title": "Org. Electron."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref38/cit38c",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "023710",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.2957588",
      "volume": "104",
      "author": "Akaike K.",
      "year": "2008",
      "journal-title": "J. Appl. Phys."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref39/cit39a",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "7315",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ma0100448",
      "volume": "34",
      "author": "Jenekhe S. A.",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Macromolecules"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref39/cit39b",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "8712",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ma061861g",
      "volume": "39",
      "author": "Zhu Y.",
      "year": "2006",
      "journal-title": "Macromolecules"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref39/cit39c",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1835",
      "DOI": "10.1002/marc.200500616",
      "volume": "26",
      "author": "Champion R. D.",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "Macromol. Rapid Commun."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref40/cit40a",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "478",
      "DOI": "10.1038/35006603",
      "volume": "404",
      "author": "Katz H. E.",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Nature"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref40/cit40b",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2930",
      "DOI": "10.1002/adfm.201000655",
      "volume": "20",
      "author": "Jung B. J.",
      "year": "2010",
      "journal-title": "Adv. Funct. Mater."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref41/cit41a",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2703",
      "DOI": "10.1021/cm0704579",
      "volume": "19",
      "author": "Jones B. A.",
      "year": "2007",
      "journal-title": "Chem. Mater."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref41/cit41b",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "3408",
      "DOI": "10.1021/cm201729s",
      "volume": "23",
      "author": "Polander L. E.",
      "year": "2011",
      "journal-title": "Chem. Mater."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref42/cit42a",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "3609",
      "DOI": "10.1021/cm7032614",
      "volume": "20",
      "author": "See K. C.",
      "year": "2008",
      "journal-title": "Chem. Mater."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref42/cit42b",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1913",
      "DOI": "10.1039/b915639a",
      "volume": "20",
      "author": "Gawrys P.",
      "year": "2010",
      "journal-title": "J. Mater. Chem."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref43/cit43a",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "679",
      "DOI": "10.1038/nature07727",
      "volume": "457",
      "author": "Yan H.",
      "year": "2009",
      "journal-title": "Nature"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref43/cit43b",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "6348",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ma100997g",
      "volume": "43",
      "author": "Durban M. M.",
      "year": "2010",
      "journal-title": "Macromolecules"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref44/cit44",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "478",
      "DOI": "10.1002/adma.200901819",
      "volume": "22",
      "author": "Kim F. S.",
      "year": "2010",
      "journal-title": "Adv. Mater."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref45/cit45",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "5333",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ol801918y",
      "volume": "10",
      "author": "Guo X.",
      "year": "2008",
      "journal-title": "Org. Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref46/cit46a",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "3195",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ol026211l",
      "volume": "4",
      "author": "Salhi F.",
      "year": "2002",
      "journal-title": "Org. Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref46/cit46b",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "6653",
      "DOI": "10.1021/jo070377o",
      "volume": "72",
      "author": "Bair J. S.",
      "year": "2007",
      "journal-title": "J. Org. Chem."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref47/cit47a",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "13480",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ja048988a",
      "volume": "126",
      "author": "Facchetti A.",
      "year": "2004",
      "journal-title": "J. Am. Chem. Soc."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref47/cit47b",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "3334",
      "DOI": "10.1021/cm970704g",
      "volume": "10",
      "author": "Garnier F.",
      "year": "1998",
      "journal-title": "Chem. Mater."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref47/cit47c",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "8716",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ja00072a026",
      "volume": "115",
      "author": "Garnier F.",
      "year": "1993",
      "journal-title": "J. Am. Chem. Soc."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref47/cit47d",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "14907",
      "DOI": "10.1021/jp8039127",
      "volume": "112",
      "author": "Kleiner-Shuler L.",
      "year": "2008",
      "journal-title": "J. Phys. Chem. C"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref48/cit48a",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "409",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ar900219n",
      "volume": "43",
      "author": "Zhao Y. S.",
      "year": "2010",
      "journal-title": "Acc. Chem. Res."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref48/cit48b",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2527",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ja076392s",
      "volume": "130",
      "author": "Geng J.",
      "year": "2008",
      "journal-title": "J. Am. Chem. Soc."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref48/cit48c",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "3688",
      "DOI": "10.1021/cm800521p",
      "volume": "20",
      "author": "Lee D.-C.",
      "year": "2008",
      "journal-title": "Chem. Mater."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref48/cit48d",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "3636",
      "DOI": "10.1039/b806084c",
      "author": "Lee D.-C.",
      "year": "2008",
      "journal-title": "Chem. Commun."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref48/cit48e",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "5786",
      "DOI": "10.1021/cm102147n",
      "volume": "22",
      "author": "Ahmed E.",
      "year": "2010",
      "journal-title": "Chem. Mater."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref49/cit49a",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "3245",
      "DOI": "10.1039/b501804h",
      "author": "Schenning A. P. H. J.",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "Chem. Commun."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref49/cit49b",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1564",
      "DOI": "10.1039/B401630K",
      "volume": "14",
      "author": "W\u00fcrthner F.",
      "year": "2004",
      "journal-title": "Chem. Commun."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref49/cit49c",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "6065",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.0811923106",
      "volume": "106",
      "author": "Oh J. H.",
      "year": "2009",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref49/cit49d",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2847",
      "DOI": "10.1021/nl071495u",
      "volume": "7",
      "author": "Briseno A. L.",
      "year": "2007",
      "journal-title": "Nano Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref49/cit49e",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "7234",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ja071903w",
      "volume": "129",
      "author": "Che Y.",
      "year": "2007",
      "journal-title": "J. Am. Chem. Soc."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref49/cit49f",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "10496",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ja052940v",
      "volume": "127",
      "author": "Balakrishnan K.",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "J. Am. Chem. Soc."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref50/cit50a",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "4556",
      "DOI": "10.1021/cm049473l",
      "volume": "16",
      "author": "Kulkarni A. P.",
      "year": "2004",
      "journal-title": "Chem. Mater."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref50/cit50b",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "579",
      "DOI": "10.1021/cm9504753",
      "volume": "8",
      "author": "Agrawal A. K.",
      "year": "1996",
      "journal-title": "Chem. Mater."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref51/cit51a",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "3588",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ma800304m",
      "volume": "41",
      "author": "Hancock J. M.",
      "year": "2008",
      "journal-title": "Macromolecules"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref51/cit51b",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "4200",
      "DOI": "10.1021/cm702212w",
      "volume": "20",
      "author": "Zhu Y.",
      "year": "2008",
      "journal-title": "Chem. Mater."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref52/cit52a",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "DOI": "10.1093/oso/9780195129632.001.0001",
      "volume-title": "Electronic Process in Organic Crystals and Polymers",
      "author": "Pope M.",
      "year": "1999",
      "edition": "2"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref52/cit52b",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1152",
      "DOI": "10.1002/pssa.200404339",
      "volume": "201",
      "author": "Arkhipov V. I.",
      "year": "2004",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Status Solidi A"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref53/cit53a",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1296",
      "DOI": "10.1021/cr0501543",
      "volume": "107",
      "author": "Zaumseil J.",
      "year": "2007",
      "journal-title": "Chem. Rev."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref53/cit53b",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "891",
      "DOI": "10.1002/adfm.200305180",
      "volume": "14",
      "author": "Babel A.",
      "year": "2004",
      "journal-title": "Adv. Funct. Mater."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref54/cit54",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "4744",
      "DOI": "10.1002/adma.201001585",
      "volume": "22",
      "author": "Earmme T.",
      "year": "2010",
      "journal-title": "Adv. Mater."
    },
    {
      "key": "ref55/cit55",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1317",
      "DOI": "10.1088/0957-4484/15/9/035",
      "volume": "15",
      "author": "Chirvase D.",
      "year": "2004",
      "journal-title": "Nanotechnology"
    },
    {
      "key": "ref56/cit56",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "946",
      "DOI": "10.1002/aenm.201100285",
      "volume": "1",
      "author": "Ren G.",
      "year": "2011",
      "journal-title": "Adv. Energy Mater."
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "Chemistry of Materials",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/cm2019668",
      "content-type": "unspecified",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "similarity-checking"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2025,
        3,
        12
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2025-03-12T08:24:25Z",
    "timestamp": 1741767865000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm2019668"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2011,
        9,
        30
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 150,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "20",
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2011,
          10,
          25
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "alternative-id": [
    "10.1021/cm2019668"
  ],
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm2019668",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "0897-4756",
    "1520-5002"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "container-title-short": "Chem. Mater.",
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2011,
        9,
        30
      ]
    ]
  }
}