Crossref journal-article
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Microscopy and Microanalysis (286)
Abstract

Nanostructural features of nickel-base superalloys as revealed by atom probe field ion microscopy (APFIM) and atom probe tomography (APT) are reviewed. The more salient information provided by these techniques is discussed through an almost exhaustive analysis of literature over the last 30 years. Atom probe techniques are shown to be able to measure the composition of tiny γ′ precipitates, a few nanometers in size, and to reveal chemical order within these precipitates. Phase separation kinetics in model NiCrAl alloys was investigated with both 3DAP and Monte-Carlo simulation. Results are shown to be in good agreement. Plane by plane analysis of {001} planes of Ni3Al-type γ′ phase makes it possible to estimate the degree of order as well as the preferential sites of various addition elements (Ti, Cr, Co, W, Ta, Re, Ru, etc.) included in superalloys. Clustering effects of Re in the γ solid solution were also exhibited. Due to its ultrahigh depth resolution, the microchemistry of interfaces and grain boundaries can be characterized on an atomic scale. Grain boundaries in Astroloy or N18 superalloys were found to be enriched in B, Mo, and Cr and Al depleted.

Bibliography

Blavette, D., Cadel, E., Pareige, C., Deconihout, B., & Caron, P. (2007). Phase Transformation and Segregation to Lattice Defects in Ni-Base Superalloys. Microscopy and Microanalysis, 13(6), 464–483.

Authors 5
  1. Didier Blavette (first)
  2. Emmanuel Cadel (additional)
  3. Cristelle Pareige (additional)
  4. Bernard Deconihout (additional)
  5. Pierre Caron (additional)
References 109 Referenced 85
  1. 10.1016/0169-4332(95)00061-5
  2. 10.1179/026708300101506957
  3. 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2004.04.019
  4. 10.1016/S1359-6454(00)00099-9
  5. 10.1016/0001-6160(83)90163-3
  6. 10.1016/S0921-5093(98)00545-0
  7. 10.1007/s11661-006-0083-1
  8. Burke, M.G. & Miller, M.K. (1991b).Precipitation in alloy 718: A combined AEM and APFIM investigation.Proc Int Symp Metall Appl Superalloys 718,625. (10.7449/1991/Superalloys_1991_337_350)
  9. 10.1007/BF02649761
  10. Wagner, C. (1961).Theorie der altering von niederschlagën durch umlösen (Ostwald-Reifung).Z elektrochemie 65,581–591.
  11. 10.1016/0001-6160(82)90142-0
  12. Thuvander, M. , Stiller, K. & Olsson, E. (1999).Influence of heat treatment on grain boundary microstructure in a Ni-16Cr-10Fe-0.022C model material.Mater Sci Technol 15,237–245.
  13. Yoon, K.E. , Noebe, R.D. & Seidman, D.N. (2007b).Effects of a rhenium addition on the temporal evolution of the nanostructure and chemistry of a model Ni-Cr-Al superalloy II. Analysis of the coarsening behavior.Acta Mater 55,1159–1169. (10.1016/j.actamat.2006.08.024)
  14. Burke, M.G. & Miller, M.K. (1991a).Grain boundary intermetallic phases in alloy 718.Mater Res Soc Symp Proc 186,215–218. (10.1557/PROC-186-215)
  15. 10.1016/0921-5093(95)09825-9
  16. 10.1016/S0924-0136(97)00214-8
  17. 10.1051/jphyscol:1988667
  18. Buchon, A. , Chambreland, S. & Blavette, D. (1990).Etude à la sonde atomique de la composition des phases γ et γ′ et de la chimie locale des superalliages monocristallins CMSX-2 et AMI.Act de Conf du Coll Nat Sup Monoc Nancy 129–140.
  19. 10.1051/jphyscol:1989855
  20. 10.1007/978-3-662-04884-9
  21. 10.1016/S1359-6462(01)01231-3
  22. Miller, M.K. & Reed, R.C. (2005).Analysis of rhenium clustering in CMSX-4 nickel-based superalloys. InSolid-Solid Phase Transformations in Inorganic Materials 2005, Howe, J.M. , Laughlin, D.E. , Lee, J.K. , Dahmen, U. & Soffa, W.A. (Eds.), pp.537–542.Warrendale, PA:TMS.
  23. 10.1016/0039-6028(91)90424-Q
  24. 10.1016/S0921-5093(98)00542-5
  25. 10.1007/BF02670322
  26. 10.1179/mst.1986.2.10.1031
  27. Yoon, K.E. , Isheim, D. , Noebe, R.D. & Seidman, D.N. (2002).Nanoscale studies of the chemistry of a René N6 superalloy.Interface Sci 9,249–255.
  28. Beaven, P.A. , Delargy, K.M. , Miller, M.K. & Smith, G.D.W. (1978).Combined TEM, FIM and atom probe analysis of a nickel based superalloy.Proceedings of the 9th International Congress on Electron Microscopy, Toronto, Sturgess, J.M. (Ed.),Vol. 2, pp.626–627.Toronto, ON:Imperial Press. (10.1017/S0424820100110271)
  29. 10.1007/BF02645547
  30. Blavette, D. , Buchon, A. & Chambreland, S. (1989).Influence of heat treatment on phase composition and fine scale features of some fine nickel base superalloys: A FIM atom-probe investigation. InProceedings of the Euromat Conference, Aachen. Exner, H.E. & Schumacher, V. (Eds.), pp.419–424.Aachen, Germany:DGM Informations Gesellschaft–Verlag.
  31. Bhadeshia, K.D.H. & Harada, H. (1997).The Monte Carlo simulation of ordering kinetics in Ni-base superalloys.Mater Sci Eng A 223,1–9.
  32. 10.1016/0022-3697(61)90054-3
  33. Sudbrack, C.K. , Noebe, R.D. & Seidman, D.N. (2005).Temporal evolution of sub-nanometer compositional profiles across the γ/γ′ interface in a model Ni-Al-Cr superalloy. InSolid-Solid Phase Transformations in Inorganic Materials 2005, Howe, J.M. , Laughlin, D.E. , Lee, J.K. , Dahmen, U. & Soffa, W.A. (Eds.), pp.543–548.Warrendale, PA:TMS.
  34. 10.1016/0956-716X(91)90399-L
  35. 10.1016/S0921-5093(98)00541-3
  36. 10.1016/0001-6160(84)90154-8
  37. 10.1016/S0921-5093(02)00681-0
  38. Brenner, S.S. & Ming-Jian, H. (1990a).Grain boundary segregation of carbon and boron in Ni3Al + B/C.Scripta Metall Mater 24,667–670. (10.1016/0956-716X(90)90220-B)
  39. 10.1007/BF02670358
  40. 10.1051/mmm:1996114
  41. 10.7449/2001/Superalloys_2001_357_365
  42. 10.1016/S0036-9748(88)80106-6
  43. 10.1016/0036-9748(86)90513-2
  44. Babu, S.S. , Miller, M.K. & Rowe, M.D. (2005).Fine scale γ′ precipitation in Haynes 214 alloy. InProceedings of Solid-Solid Phase Transformations in Inorganic Materials 2005, Howe, J.M. , Laughlin, D.E. , Lee, J.K. , Dahmen, U. & Soffa, W.A. (Eds.), pp.523–528.Warrendale, PA:TMS.
  45. 10.7449/1988/Superalloys_1988_305_314
  46. 10.1016/S1359-6454(01)00395-0
  47. 10.1038/363432a0
  48. Beaven, P.A. , Miller, M.K. & Smith, G.D.W. (1977).Microstructure and microcomposition of a cast nickel-based superalloy. InProceedings of the Institute of Physics Conference on Electron Microscopy and Analysis, pp.199–203.London:Institute of Physics.
  49. Sudbrack, C.K. , Yoon, K.E. , Noebe, R.D. & Seidman, D.N. (2006b).Temporal evolution of the nanostructure and phase compositions in a model Ni-Cr-Al alloy.Acta Mater 54,3199–3210. (10.1016/j.actamat.2006.03.015)
  50. 10.1016/S0304-3991(02)00320-0
  51. Babu, S.S. , David, S.A. , Vitek, J.M. & Miller, M.K. (2000b).Precipitation of γ′ from γ during weld thermal cycle: Recent results of APFIM characterization and modelling. InAdvanced Technologies for Superalloy Affordability, Proceedings of the 129th TMS Annual Meeting, TMS2000, Chang, K. , Srivastava, S.K. , Furrer, D.U. & Bain, K.R. (Eds.), p.83.Warrendale, PA:TMS.
  52. Blavette, D. , Geandier, G. , Cadel, E. , Danoix, F. & Menand, A. (1999b).Apports de la Tomographie atomique dans l'observation et l'analyse des joints de grains.J Phys IV,9,113–121. (10.1051/jp4:1999414)
  53. Miller, M.K. & Babu, S.S. (2000).Phase compositions in alloy 718: A comparison between APT/APFIM measurements and thermodynamic predictions. InAdvanced Technologies for Superalloy Affordability, Proceedings of the 129th TMS Annual Meeting, TMS2000, Chang, K.M. , Srvastavu, S.K. , Furrer, D.U. & Bain, K.R. (Eds.), p.63.Warrendale, PA:TMS.
  54. Soisson, F. , Schmuck-Pareige, C. , Athènes, M. , Martin, G. & Blavette, D. (1997).Kinetics of phase transformation in metallic alloys: Monte Carlo simulations versus experiments.Ann de Phys C2,22,3–10.
  55. Isheim, D. , Hseij, G. , Noebe, R.D. & Seidman, D.N. (2005).Nanostructural temporal evolution and solute partitioning in model Ni-based superalloys containing ruthenium, rhenium and tungsten. InSolid-Solid Phase Transformations in Inorganic Materials 2005, Howe, J.M. , Laughlin, D.E. , Lee, J.K. , Dahmen, U. & Soffa, W.E. (Eds.), pp.309–314.Warrendale, PA:TMS.
  56. Miller, M.K. , Babu, S.S. & Burke, G. (2002a).Comparison of the phase compositions in Alloy 718 measured by atom probe tomography and predicted by thermodynamic calculations.Mater Sci Eng A 327,84–88. (10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01881-0)
  57. Hopgood, A.A. , Nicholls, A. , Smith, G.D.W. & Martin, J.W. (1988).Effects of heat treatment on phase chemistry and microstructure of single crystal nickel base superalloy.Mater Sci Technol 4,146–152.
  58. 10.1016/j.intermet.2006.10.030
  59. Miller, M.K. , Horton, J.A. , Cao, W.D. & Kennedy, R.L. (1996b).Characterization of the effects of boron and phosphorus additions to the nickel-based superalloy 718.J Phys IV, C5, Supp. Phys III 6,241–246. (10.1051/jp4:1996539)
  60. Babu, S.S. , David, S.A. & Miller, M.K. (2000a).Application of atom probe microanalysis for understanding microstructure evolution in nickel-base superalloy welds.Microsc Microanal 6,350. (10.1017/S1431927600034243)
  61. 10.1016/S0921-5093(98)00544-9
  62. 10.1016/0956-7151(94)90061-2
  63. Blavette, D. (1990).Etude de la structure fine de superalliages à base nickel par microscopie ionique et microanalyse à la sonde atomique.Rev Sci Tech Déf 61–69.
  64. 10.1016/0956-7151(94)00357-N
  65. 10.1016/0025-5416(86)90092-3
  66. Brenner, S.S. & Ming-Jian, H. (1990b).On grain boundary phases in B-doped Ni3Al.Scripta Metall Mater 24,671–676. (10.1016/0956-716X(90)90221-2)
  67. 10.1046/j.1365-2818.2001.00952.x
  68. 10.1051/jphyscol:1984962
  69. Sudbrack, C.K. , Yoon, K.E. , Noebe, R.D. & Seidman, D.N. (2004b).Temporal evolution of the nanostructure of a model Ni-Al-Cr alloy.TMS Lett 1(2),25–26.
  70. Miller, M.K. , Anderson, I.M. , Pike, L.M. & Klarstrom, D.L. (2002b).Microstructural characterisation of Haynes Z 242 alloy.Mater Sci Eng A 327,89–93. (10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01882-2)
  71. Blavette, D. & Bostel, A. (1986).FIM atom-probe investigation of the interphase boundary of a nickel-base superalloy.Surf Sci Lett 177,994–998.
  72. Miller, M.K. , Cerezo, A. , Hetherington, M.G. & Smith, G.D.W. (1996a).Atom probe field ion microscopy.Oxford Science Publications, Monographs on the Physics and Chemistry of Materials, vol. 52, pp.400–402.Oxford:Clarendon Press.
  73. 10.1051/jphyscol:1989868
  74. 10.3139/146.018142
  75. Miller, M.K. , Vitek, J.M. & David, S.A. (2001).Characterisation of the microstructure evolution in a nickel base superalloy during continuous cooling.Acta Mater 49,4149–4160.
  76. 10.1016/0001-6160(88)90055-7
  77. Letellier, L. , Bostel, A. & Blavette, D. (1994a).Direct observation of boron segregation at grain-boundaries in Astroloy by atomic tomography.Scripta Metall 30,1503–1508. (10.1016/0956-716X(94)90298-4)
  78. 10.1007/BF02748493
  79. Miller, M.K. & Burke, M.G. (1991).Atom probe analysis of the compositions of γ′ and γ″ intermetallic phases in nickel-based superalloy 718.Mater Res Soc Symp Proc 186,223–228.
  80. 10.1002/srin.200405929
  81. 10.1016/S0968-4328(00)00083-4
  82. 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.08.009
  83. 10.1016/0304-3991(82)90254-6
  84. 10.1051/mmm:1996106
  85. 10.1080/01418619708214021
  86. Cadel, E. , Lemarchand, D. , Chambreland, S. & Blavette, D. (1999).Chimie locale et structure des joints de grains dans les superalliages à base de nickel.J Phys IV 9,147–152.
  87. 10.1063/1.1683116
  88. Sudbrack, C.K. , Yoon, K.E. , Mao, Z. , Noebe, R.D. , Isheim, D. & Seidman, D.N. (2003).Temporal evolution of nanostructures in a model nickel-base superalloy: Experiments and simulations. InElectron Microscopy: Its Role in Material Science, Weertman, J.R. , Fine, M. , Liiaw, P. , Quesnell, D. & King, W. (Eds.), pp.43–51.London:The Metals Society.
  89. 10.1051/jp4:1996542
  90. Smith, G.D.W. , Garratt-Reed, A.J. & Vander Sande, J.B. (1981).Comparison between atom probe and STEM microanalysis. InProceedings of the Conference on Quantitative Microanalysis with High Spatial Resolution, Manchester, UK , Lorimer, G.W. , Jacobs, M.H. & Doig, P. (Eds.), pp.235–249.London:The Metal Society.
  91. Letellier, L. , Guttmann, M. & Blavette, D. (1994b).Atomic scale investigation of grain-boundary microchemistry in boron-doped nickel-base superalloys Astroloy with a 3D atom-probe.Phil Mag 70,189–194. (10.1080/09500839408240974)
  92. 10.1016/S1359-6454(99)00054-3
  93. 10.1016/S0304-3991(97)00085-5
  94. 10.1016/0169-4332(94)90339-5
  95. 10.1016/S0364-5916(01)00035-9
  96. 10.1080/01418610208235682
  97. 10.1063/1.1686295
  98. Yoon, K.E. , Noebe, R.D. & Seidman, D.N. (2007a).Effects of a rhenium addition on the temporal evolution of the nanostructure and chemistry of a model Ni-Cr-Al superalloy I. Experimental Observations.Acta Mater 55,1146–1157. (10.1016/j.actamat.2006.08.027)
  99. Cerezo, A. , Godfrey, T.J. , Sijbrandij, S.J. , Smith, G.D.W. & Warren, P.J. (1997).Performance of an energy-compensated three-dimensional atom probe.Rev Sci Instrum 69,49–58.
  100. Sudbrack, C.K. , Noebe, R.D. & Seidman, D.N. (2006a).Direct observations of nucleation in a non dilute multi component alloy.Phys Rev B 73,212101. (10.1103/PhysRevB.73.212101)
  101. Burke, M.G. & Miller, M.K. (2000).The application of AEM and APFIM to the analysis of precipitation behaviour in alloy 718. InProceedings of the 2nd International Union of Microbeam Analysis Societies, Williams, D.B. & Shimizu, R. (Eds.), pp.161–165.Bristol, UK:Institute of Physics.
  102. 10.1016/0001-6160(87)90221-5
  103. 10.1016/0169-4332(94)90340-9
  104. Yoon, E. , Noebe, R.D. & Seidman, D.N. (2004).The role of Re on the temporal evolution of the nanostructure of a model Ni-Cr-Al-Re superalloy.TMS Lett 1(2),27–28.
  105. 10.1557/S0883769400047503
  106. Blavette, D. , Cadel, E. , Fraczkiewicz, A. & Menand, A. (1999a).Three-dimensional atomic-scale imaging of impurity segregation to line-defects.Science 17,2317–2319. (10.1126/science.286.5448.2317)
  107. 10.1051/jp4:1996541
  108. Sudbrack, C.K. , Isheim, D. , Noebe, R.D. , Jacobson, N.S. & Seidman, D.N. (2004a).The influence of tungsten on the chemical composition of temporal evolution of the nanostructure of a model Ni-Al-Cr superalloy.Microsc Microanal 355,355–365. (10.1017/S1431927604040589)
  109. 10.1016/0036-9748(86)90103-1
Dates
Type When
Created 17 years, 9 months ago (Nov. 15, 2007, 7:37 a.m.)
Deposited 2 years, 6 months ago (Feb. 14, 2023, 3:39 p.m.)
Indexed 3 weeks, 1 day ago (Aug. 3, 2025, 12:03 a.m.)
Issued 17 years, 9 months ago (Nov. 14, 2007)
Published 17 years, 9 months ago (Nov. 14, 2007)
Published Online 17 years, 9 months ago (Nov. 14, 2007)
Published Print 17 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 1, 2007)
Funders 0

None

@article{Blavette_2007, title={Phase Transformation and Segregation to Lattice Defects in Ni-Base Superalloys}, volume={13}, ISSN={1435-8115}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s143192760707078x}, DOI={10.1017/s143192760707078x}, number={6}, journal={Microscopy and Microanalysis}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Blavette, Didier and Cadel, Emmanuel and Pareige, Cristelle and Deconihout, Bernard and Caron, Pierre}, year={2007}, month=nov, pages={464–483} }