DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702. Severe asthma in adults: What are the important questions?

Severe asthma in adults: What are the important questions?

10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702

Crossref journal-article

Elsevier BV

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (78)

Bibliography

Chanez, P., Wenzel, S. E., Anderson, G. P., Anto, J. M., Bel, E. H., Boulet, L.-P., Brightling, C. E., Busse, W. W., Castro, M., Dahlen, B., Dahlen, S. E., Fabbri, L. M., Holgate, S. T., Humbert, M., Gaga, M., Joos, G. F., Levy, B., Rabe, K. F., Sterk, P. J., â¦ Vachier, I. (2007). Severe asthma in adults: What are the important questions? Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 119(6), 1337â1348.

Authors 21

Pascal Chanez (first)
Sally E. Wenzel (additional)
Gary P. Anderson (additional)
Josep M. Anto (additional)
Elisabeth H. Bel (additional)
Louis-Philippe Boulet (additional)
Christopher E. Brightling (additional)
William W. Busse (additional)
Mario Castro (additional)
Babro Dahlen (additional)
Sven Erik Dahlen (additional)
Leo M. Fabbri (additional)
Stephen T. Holgate (additional)
Marc Humbert (additional)
Mina Gaga (additional)
Guy F. Joos (additional)
Bruce Levy (additional)
Klaus F. Rabe (additional)
Peter J. Sterk (additional)
Susan J. Wilson (additional)
Isabelle Vachier (additional)

References 117 Referenced 229

10.1097/00063198-200401000-00008 / Curr Opin Pulm Med / Clinical phenotypes of asthma by Bel (2004)
{'key': '10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib2', 'first-page': '1198', 'article-title': 'Difficult/therapy resistant asthma: the need for an integrated approach to define clinical phenotypes, evaluate risk factors, understand pathophysiology and find novel therapies. ERS Task Force on Difficult/Therapy-Resistant Asthma', 'volume': '13', 'author': 'Chung', 'year': '1999', 'journal-title': 'Eur Respir J'} / Eur Respir J / Difficult/therapy resistant asthma: the need for an integrated approach to define clinical phenotypes, evaluate risk factors, understand pathophysiology and find novel therapies. ERS Task Force on Difficult/Therapy-Resistant Asthma by Chung (1999)
10.1164/ajrccm.162.6.ats9-00 / Am J Respir Crit Care Med / Proceedings of the ATS workshop on refractory asthma: current understanding, recommendations, and unanswered questions by American Thoracic Society (2000)
{'key': '10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib4', 'article-title': 'Global strategy for asthma management and prevention', 'author': 'National Institutes of Health NH, Lung, and Blood Institute', 'year': '1995', 'journal-title': 'Global initiative for asthma'} / Global initiative for asthma / Global strategy for asthma management and prevention by National Institutes of Health NH, Lung, and Blood Institute (1995)
10.1378/chest.121.4.1051 / Chest / A comparison of the validity of different diagnostic tests in adults with asthma by Hunter (2002)
10.1183/09031936.03.00261903 / Eur Respir J / The ENFUMOSA cross-sectional European multicentre study of the clinical phenotype of chronic severe asthma (2003)
10.1164/rccm.2506006 / Am J Respir Crit Care Med / Asthma may be more severe if it is work-related by Malo (2005)
10.1183/09031936.04.00039004 / Eur Respir J / Asthma and cigarette smoking by Thomson (2004)
10.1016/j.jaci.2006.03.019 / J Allergy Clin Immunol / Prognostic factors of asthma severity: a 9-year international prospective cohort study by de Marco (2006)
10.1183/09031936.05.00037905 / Eur Respir J / Risk factors of frequent exacerbations in difficult-to-treat asthma by ten Brinke (2005)
10.1016/j.jaci.2005.08.035 / J Allergy Clin Immunol / Aspirin sensitivity and severity of asthma: evidence for irreversible airway obstruction in patients with severe or difficult-to-treat asthma by Mascia (2005)
10.1002/14651858.CD001108.pub2 / Cochrane Database Syst Rev / Azoles for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis associated with asthma by Wark (2004)
10.1002/14651858.CD001496 / Cochrane Database Syst Rev / Gastro-oesophageal reflux treatment for asthma in adults and children by Gibson (2003)
10.1164/rccm.200303-403WS / Am J Respir Crit Care Med / Obesity and asthma: directions for research by Weiss (2004)
10.1016/j.jaci.2004.11.050 / J Allergy Clin Immunol / The epidemiology of obesity and asthma by Ford (2005)
10.1164/rccm.200405-623OC / Am J Respir Crit Care Med / Sex differences in the relation between body mass index and asthma and atopy in a birth cohort by Hancox (2005)
10.1111/j.1398-9995.2005.00953.x / Allergy / Are overweight asthmatics more difficult to control? by Saint-Pierre (2006)
10.2165/00003495-200161140-00005 / Drugs / Premenstrual asthma: epidemiology, pathogenesis and treatment by Tan (2001)
10.1155/2005/375454 / Can Respir J / Patterns and determinants of compliance with inhaled steroids in adults with asthma by Lacasse (2005)
10.1111/j.1524-6175.2006.05328.x / J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) / Resistant or difficult-to-treat hypertension by Moser (2006)
10.1016/S0022-3999(00)00203-8 / J Psychosom Res / Similar psychological characteristics in mild and severe asthma by ten Brinke (2001)
10.1016/j.jaci.2005.02.008 / J Allergy Clin Immunol / Relationships among quality of life, severity, and control measures in asthma: an evaluation using factor analysis by Schatz (2005)
10.1034/j.1399-3003.1999.14d29.x / Eur Respir J / Development and validation of a questionnaire to measure asthma control by Juniper (1999)
10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11679-5 / Lancet / Asthma exacerbations and sputum eosinophil counts: a randomised controlled trial by Green (2002)
10.1183/09031936.06.00137704 / Eur Respir J / Determining asthma treatment by monitoring sputum cell counts: effect on exacerbations by Jayaram (2006)
10.1056/NEJMoa043596 / N Engl J Med / Use of exhaled nitric oxide measurements to guide treatment in chronic asthma by Smith (2005)
10.1164/rccm.200503-458OC / Am J Respir Crit Care Med / Titrating steroids on exhaled nitric oxide in children with asthma: a randomized controlled trial by Pijnenburg (2005)
10.1183/09031936.06.00087905 / Eur Respir J / Alveolar nitric oxide versus measures of peripheral airway dysfunction in severe asthma by van Veen (2006)
10.1136/thorax.57.10.875 / Thorax / Analysis of induced sputum in adults with asthma: identification of subgroup with isolated sputum neutrophilia and poor response to inhaled corticosteroids by Green (2002)
{'key': '10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib30', 'first-page': '185', 'article-title': 'Severe asthma: epidemiology, pathophysiology and treatment', 'volume': '70', 'author': 'Wenzel', 'year': '2003', 'journal-title': 'Mt Sinai J Med'} / Mt Sinai J Med / Severe asthma: epidemiology, pathophysiology and treatment by Wenzel (2003)
10.1164/rccm.200404-440OC / Am J Respir Crit Care Med / “Refractory” eosinophilic airway inflammation in severe asthma: effect of parenteral corticosteroids by ten Brinke (2004)
10.1183/09031936.02.00232001 / Eur Respir J / Costs of asthma are correlated with severity: a 1-yr prospective study by Godard (2002)
10.1513/pats.200402-001MS / Proc Am Thorac Soc / Glucocorticoids: effects on gene transcription by Adcock (2004)
10.1016/j.jaci.2003.10.041 / J Allergy Clin Immunol / Distinguishing severe asthma phenotypes: role of age at onset and eosinophilic inflammation by Miranda (2004)
10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.1938.x / Clin Exp Allergy / Polymorphisms of the ADAM33 gene are associated with accelerated lung function decline in asthma by Jongepier (2004)
10.1164/rccm.200409-1175OC / Am J Respir Crit Care Med / A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 33 protein in patients with asthma: relevance to airflow limitation by Lee (2006)
10.1007/s00439-001-0617-y / Hum Genet / TGFbeta1 allele association with asthma severity by Pulleyn (2001)
10.1067/mai.2000.107926 / J Allergy Clin Immunol / Polymorphisms in the IL4, IL4RA, and FCERIB genes and asthma severity by Sandford (2000)
10.1111/j.1399-3038.2006.00412.x / Pediatr Allergy Immunol / Soluble CD14 at 2 yr of age: gender-related effects of tobacco smoke exposure, recurrent infections and atopic diseases by Lodrup Carlsen (2006)
10.1093/hmg/ddh149 / Hum Mol Genet / Corticosteroid pharmacogenetics: association of sequence variants in CRHR1 with improved lung function in asthmatics treated with inhaled corticosteroids by Tantisira (2004)
10.1513/pats.200409-043MS / Proc Am Thorac Soc / Asthma steroid pharmacogenetics: a study strategy to identify replicated treatment responses by Weiss (2004)
10.1097/01.all.0000200506.62048.06 / Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol / The relationship between respiratory syncytial virus infections and the development of wheezing and asthma in children by Everard (2006)
10.1513/pats.2306027 / Proc Am Thorac Soc / Allergens, viruses, and asthma exacerbations by Murray (2004)
10.1136/thx.2005.042523 / Thorax / Study of modifiable risk factors for asthma exacerbations: virus infection and allergen exposure increase the risk of asthma hospital admissions in children by Murray (2006)
10.1164/rccm.200412-1621OC / Am J Respir Crit Care Med / Interleukin-10 gene expression in acute virus-induced asthma by Grissell (2005)
10.1183/09031936.02.00226302 / Eur Respir J / Neutrophil degranulation and cell lysis is associated with clinical severity in virus-induced asthma by Wark (2002)
10.1165/rcmb.2004-0417OC / Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol / Rhinovirus induces airway epithelial gene expression through double-stranded RNA and IFN-dependent pathways by Chen (2006)
10.1378/chest.121.6.1782 / Chest / Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae in asthma: effect of clarithromycin by Kraft (2002)
10.1067/mai.2001.113047 / J Allergy Clin Immunol / Persistent airflow limitation in adult-onset nonatopic asthma is associated with serologic evidence of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection by ten Brinke (2001)
10.1016/j.jaci.2006.03.035 / J Allergy Clin Immunol / Macrolide antibiotics and asthma treatment by Johnston (2006)
10.1016/S0272-5231(05)70268-9 / Clin Chest Med / The role of bacterial infections in asthma by Kraft (2000)
10.1016/j.jaci.2005.08.018 / J Allergy Clin Immunol / Severity assessment in asthma: an evolving concept by Miller (2005)
10.1016/S1081-1206(10)61221-5 / Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol / Total serum IgE levels in a large cohort of patients with severe or difficult-to-treat asthma by Borish (2005)
10.1080/02770900600566405 / J Asthma / Group. TS. Gender differences in IgE-mediated allergic asthma in the epidemiology and natural history of asthma: outcomes and treatment regimens (TENOR) study by Lee (2006)
10.1016/j.jaci.2005.07.006 / J Allergy Clin Immunol / 6. Asthma: factors underlying inception, exacerbation, and disease progression by Lemanske (2006)
10.1164/ajrccm.162.3.9910031 / Am J Respir Crit Care Med / Persistent specific bronchial reactivity to occupational agents in workers with normal nonspecific bronchial reactivity by Lemiere (2000)
10.1136/thorax.58.5.417 / Thorax / Allelic association and functional studies of promoter polymorphism in the leukotriene C4 synthase gene (LTC4S) in asthma by Sayers (2003)
10.1016/j.jaci.2004.05.030 / J Allergy Clin Immunol / Functional effects and gender association of COX-2 gene polymorphism G-765C in bronchial asthma by Szczeklik (2004)
10.1067/mai.2003.1450 / J Allergy Clin Immunol / Biochemical and clinical evidence that aspirin-intolerant asthmatic subjects tolerate the cyclooxygenase 2-selective analgetic drug celecoxib by Gyllfors (2003)
10.1378/chest.119.5.1329 / Chest / Heterogeneity of airway inflammation in persistent asthma: evidence of neutrophilic inflammation and increased sputum interleukin-8 by Gibson (2001)
10.1164/rccm.200503-369OC / Am J Respir Crit Care Med / Differential proteolytic enzyme activity in eosinophilic and neutrophilic asthma by Simpson (2005)
10.1136/thx.2005.045260 / Thorax / Tumour necrosis factor (TNFalpha) as a novel therapeutic target in symptomatic corticosteroid dependent asthma by Howarth (2005)
10.1096/fasebj.14.10.1362 / FASEB J / Involvement of the epidermal growth factor receptor in epithelial repair in asthma by Puddicombe (2000)
10.1046/j.1365-2222.2003.01593.x / Clin Exp Allergy / The role of the epidermal growth factor receptor in sustaining neutrophil inflammation in severe asthma by Hamilton (2003)
10.1034/j.1398-9995.2000.00112.x / Allergy / Role of tachykinins in asthma by Joos (2000)
10.1056/NEJMoa050580 / N Engl J Med / Evidence of a role of tumor necrosis factor alpha in refractory asthma by Berry (2006)
10.1164/rccm.200410-1413OC / Am J Respir Crit Care Med / Diminished lipoxin biosynthesis in severe asthma by Levy (2005)
10.1016/j.jaci.2004.09.038 / J Allergy Clin Immunol / Severe asthma is associated with a loss of LX4, an endogenous anti-inflammatory compound by Vachier (2005)
10.1016/j.plefa.2005.05.020 / Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids / Design, synthesis and bioactions of novel stable mimetics of lipoxins and aspirin-triggered lipoxins by Petasis (2005)
10.1164/rccm.200501-035OC / Am J Respir Crit Care Med / Defective apoptotic cell phagocytosis attenuates prostaglandin E2 and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid in severe asthma alveolar macrophages by Huynh (2005)
10.1006/pupt.2001.0319 / Pulm Pharmacol Ther / Reactive oxygen species as mediators in asthma by Henricks (2001)
10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.10.015 / Pharmacol Ther / Oxidative stress in asthma and COPD: antioxidants as a therapeutic strategy by Kirkham (2006)
10.1183/09031936.05.00006705 / Eur Respir J / Plasma concentrations of dietary and nondietary antioxidants are low in severe asthma by Misso (2005)
10.1136/thorax.58.2.175 / Thorax / Multiple roles of nitric oxide in the airways by Ricciardolo (2003)
10.4049/jimmunol.175.3.1867 / J Immunol / Lyn-deficient mice develop severe, persistent asthma: Lyn is a critical negative regulator of Th2 immunity by Beavitt (2005)
10.1183/09031936.03.00059802 / Eur Respir J / Glucocorticoid receptor-binding characteristics in severe asthma by Bonnans (2003)
10.1513/pats.200402-014MS / Proc Am Thorac Soc / Corticosteroid resistance in airway disease by Barnes (2004)
10.1016/j.jaci.2006.01.032 / J Allergy Clin Immunol / Update on glucocorticoid action and resistance by Ito (2006)
10.1056/NEJMra050541 / N Engl J Med / Antiinflammatory action of glucocorticoids–new mechanisms for old drugs by Rhen (2005)
10.1164/rccm.200305-659OC / Am J Respir Crit Care Med / Histone acetylase and deacetylase activity in alveolar macrophages and blood mononocytes in asthma by Cosio (2004)
10.1084/jem.20050466 / J Exp Med / Histone deacetylase 2-mediated deacetylation of the glucocorticoid receptor enables NF-kappaB suppression by Ito (2006)
10.1165/rcmb.4715 / Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol / Increased expression of p21(waf) cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor in asthmatic bronchial epithelium by Puddicombe (2003)
10.1016/j.jaci.2004.09.034 / J Allergy Clin Immunol / Increased TGF-beta2 in severe asthma with eosinophilia by Balzar (2005)
10.1016/S0002-9440(10)63371-8 / Am J Pathol / Transforming growth factor-beta2 induces bronchial epithelial mucin expression in asthma by Chu (2004)
10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.1916.x / Clin Exp Allergy / Efficacy and safety of a recombinant anti-immunoglobin E antibody (omalizumab) in severe allergic asthma by Holgate (2004)
10.1016/j.jaci.2005.06.011 / J Allergy Clin Immunol / Differences in airway remodeling between subjects with severe and moderate asthma by Pepe (2005)
10.1056/NEJMoa021660 / N Engl J Med / Dysfunctional interaction of C/EBPalpha and the glucocorticoid receptor in asthmatic bronchial smooth-muscle cells by Roth (2004)
10.1152/ajplung.00320.2005 / Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol / A novel bronchial ring bioassay for the evaluation of small airway smooth muscle function in mice by Liu (2006)
10.1139/y05-091 / Can J Physiol Pharmacol / Beneficial and harmful effects of oscillatory mechanical strain on airway smooth muscle by Maksym (2005)
10.1186/1465-9921-5-2 / Respir Res / Bronchospasm and its biophysical basis in airway smooth muscle by Fredberg (2004)
10.1164/rccm.2602002 / Am J Respir Crit Care Med / “Hot stuff”: bronchial thermoplasty for asthma by Bel (2006)
10.1164/rccm.200507-1162OC / Am J Respir Crit Care Med / Bronchial thermoplasty for asthma by Cox (2006)
10.1056/NEJMoa012705 / N Engl J Med / Mast-cell infiltration of airway smooth muscle in asthma by Brightling (2002)
10.1183/09031936.02.00275802 / Eur Respir J / Distribution and degranulation of airway mast cells in normal and asthmatic subjects by Carroll (2002)
10.1136/thorax.57.8.677 / Thorax / Increased mast cells and neutrophils in submucosal mucous glands and mucus plugging in patients with asthma by Carroll (2002)
10.1016/S0012-3692(15)31289-7 / Chest / Risk factors for near-fatal asthma by Gelb (2004)
10.1164/rccm.200403-305OC / Am J Respir Crit Care Med / Abnormal alveolar attachments with decreased elastic fiber content in distal lung in fatal asthma by Mauad (2004)
10.1164/rccm.200601-037OC / Am J Respir Crit Care Med / Airflow limitation and airway dimensions in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by Hasegawa (2006)
10.1034/j.1399-3003.2000.16b08.x / Eur Respir J / Optimal asthma control, starting with high doses of inhaled budesonide by Reddel (2000)
10.1016/j.jaci.2006.03.040 / J Allergy Clin Immunol / Bronchial responsiveness to leukotriene D(4) is resistant to inhaled fluticasone propionate by Gyllfors (2006)
10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17273-5 / Lancet / Use of regularly scheduled albuterol treatment in asthma: genotype-stratified, randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over trial by Israel (2004)
10.1164/rccm.200509-1519OC / Am J Respir Crit Care Med / β-adrenergic Receptor Polymorphisms and Response to Salmeterol by Wechsler (2006)
{'key': '10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib103', 'article-title': 'British guideline on the management of asthma', 'author': 'British Thoracic Society and Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network', 'year': '2005', 'journal-title': 'A national guideline'} / A national guideline / British guideline on the management of asthma by British Thoracic Society and Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (2005)
National Asthma Education and Prevention Program. Expert Panel Report 2: Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma. National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 1997.
10.1016/S0954-6111(03)00253-1 / Respir Med / High levels of urinary leukotriene E4 excretion in steroid treated patients with severe asthma by Vachier (2003)
10.1016/S0140-6736(00)05113-8 / Lancet / Addition of leukotriene antagonists to therapy in chronic persistent asthma: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial by Robinson (2001)
10.1164/ajrccm.162.2.9905041 / Am J Respir Crit Care Med / Zafirlukast improves asthma control in patients receiving high-dose inhaled corticosteroids by Virchow (2000)
10.1164/ajrccm.165.1.2010080 / Am J Respir Crit Care Med / Improvement of aspirin-intolerant asthma by montelukast, a leukotriene antagonist: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial by Dahlen (2002)
10.1002/14651858.CD003269.pub2 / The Cochrane Database Syst Rev / Anticholinergic Agents for chronic asthma in adults by Westby (2004)
10.1067/mai.2001.117880 / J Allerg Clin Immunol / Omalizumab, anti-IgE recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody, for the treatment of severe allergic asthma by Busse (2001)
10.1067/mai.2003.49 / J Allerg Clin Immunol / Omalizumab, a recombinant humanized anti-IgE antibody, reduces asthma-related emergency room visits and hospitalizations in patients with allergic asthma by Corren (2003)
10.1183/09031936.01.00092101 / Eur Respir J / The anti-IgE antibody omalizumab reduces exacerbations and steroid requirement in allergic asthmatics by Soler (2001)
10.1111/j.1398-9995.2004.00772.x / Allergy / Benefits of omalizumab as add-on therapy in patients with severe persistent asthma who are inadequately controlled despite best available therapy (GINA 2002 step 4 treatment): INNOVATE by Humbert (2005)
10.1001/jama.295.19.2275 / JAMA / Anti-TNF antibody therapy in rheumatoid arthritis and the risk of serious infections and malignancies: systematic review and meta-analysis of rare harmful effects in randomized controlled trials by Bongartz (2006)
10.1183/09031936.04.00118404 / Eur Respir J / Clarithromycin reduces the severity of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in patients with asthma by Kostadima (2004)
10.1164/ajrccm.163.6.2006069 / Am J Resp Crit Care Med / Evaluation of two different educational interventions for adult patients consulting with an acute asthma exacerbation by Côté (2001)
10.1016/j.jaci.2005.12.1316 / J Allergy Clin Immunol / Managing severe asthma by Wenzel (2006)

Dates

Type	When
Created	18 years, 4 months ago (April 25, 2007, 10:20 a.m.)
Deposited	1 year, 6 months ago (Feb. 13, 2024, 6:19 a.m.)
Indexed	4 months ago (April 24, 2025, 9:24 a.m.)
Issued	18 years, 2 months ago (June 1, 2007)
Published	18 years, 2 months ago (June 1, 2007)
Published Print	18 years, 2 months ago (June 1, 2007)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Chanez_2007, title={Severe asthma in adults: What are the important questions?}, volume={119}, ISSN={0091-6749}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702}, DOI={10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702}, number={6}, journal={Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Chanez, Pascal and Wenzel, Sally E. and Anderson, Gary P. and Anto, Josep M. and Bel, Elisabeth H. and Boulet, Louis-Philippe and Brightling, Christopher E. and Busse, William W. and Castro, Mario and Dahlen, Babro and Dahlen, Sven Erik and Fabbri, Leo M. and Holgate, Stephen T. and Humbert, Marc and Gaga, Mina and Joos, Guy F. and Levy, Bruce and Rabe, Klaus F. and Sterk, Peter J. and Wilson, Susan J. and Vachier, Isabelle}, year={2007}, month=jun, pages={1337–1348} }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2025,
        4,
        24
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2025-04-24T13:24:50Z",
    "timestamp": 1745501090509
  },
  "reference-count": 117,
  "publisher": "Elsevier BV",
  "issue": "6",
  "license": [
    {
      "start": {
        "date-parts": [
          [
            2007,
            6,
            1
          ]
        ],
        "date-time": "2007-06-01T00:00:00Z",
        "timestamp": 1180656000000
      },
      "content-version": "tdm",
      "delay-in-days": 0,
      "URL": "https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/"
    }
  ],
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [
      "clinicalkey.fr",
      "clinicalkey.jp",
      "clinicalkey.com.au",
      "clinicalkey.es",
      "clinicalkey.com",
      "jacionline.org",
      "elsevier.com",
      "sciencedirect.com"
    ],
    "crossmark-restriction": true
  },
  "published-print": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2007,
        6
      ]
    ]
  },
  "DOI": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2007,
        4,
        25
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2007-04-25T14:20:36Z",
    "timestamp": 1177510836000
  },
  "page": "1337-1348",
  "update-policy": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/elsevier_cm_policy",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 229,
  "title": "Severe asthma in adults: What are the important questions?",
  "prefix": "10.1016",
  "volume": "119",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "Pascal",
      "family": "Chanez",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Sally E.",
      "family": "Wenzel",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Gary P.",
      "family": "Anderson",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Josep M.",
      "family": "Anto",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Elisabeth H.",
      "family": "Bel",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Louis-Philippe",
      "family": "Boulet",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Christopher E.",
      "family": "Brightling",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "William W.",
      "family": "Busse",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Mario",
      "family": "Castro",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Babro",
      "family": "Dahlen",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Sven Erik",
      "family": "Dahlen",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Leo M.",
      "family": "Fabbri",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Stephen T.",
      "family": "Holgate",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Marc",
      "family": "Humbert",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Mina",
      "family": "Gaga",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Guy F.",
      "family": "Joos",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Bruce",
      "family": "Levy",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Klaus F.",
      "family": "Rabe",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Peter J.",
      "family": "Sterk",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Susan J.",
      "family": "Wilson",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Isabelle",
      "family": "Vachier",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    }
  ],
  "member": "78",
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "44",
      "DOI": "10.1097/00063198-200401000-00008",
      "article-title": "Clinical phenotypes of asthma",
      "volume": "10",
      "author": "Bel",
      "year": "2004",
      "journal-title": "Curr Opin Pulm Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib2",
      "first-page": "1198",
      "article-title": "Difficult/therapy resistant asthma: the need for an integrated approach to define clinical phenotypes, evaluate risk factors, understand pathophysiology and find novel therapies. ERS Task Force on Difficult/Therapy-Resistant Asthma",
      "volume": "13",
      "author": "Chung",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Eur Respir J"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib3",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2341",
      "DOI": "10.1164/ajrccm.162.6.ats9-00",
      "article-title": "Proceedings of the ATS workshop on refractory asthma: current understanding, recommendations, and unanswered questions",
      "volume": "162",
      "author": "American Thoracic Society",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib4",
      "article-title": "Global strategy for asthma management and prevention",
      "author": "National Institutes of Health NH, Lung, and Blood Institute",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "Global initiative for asthma"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib5",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1051",
      "DOI": "10.1378/chest.121.4.1051",
      "article-title": "A comparison of the validity of different diagnostic tests in adults with asthma",
      "volume": "121",
      "author": "Hunter",
      "year": "2002",
      "journal-title": "Chest"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib6",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "470",
      "DOI": "10.1183/09031936.03.00261903",
      "article-title": "The ENFUMOSA cross-sectional European multicentre study of the clinical phenotype of chronic severe asthma",
      "volume": "22",
      "year": "2003",
      "journal-title": "Eur Respir J"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib7",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "406",
      "DOI": "10.1164/rccm.2506006",
      "article-title": "Asthma may be more severe if it is work-related",
      "volume": "172",
      "author": "Malo",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib8",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "822",
      "DOI": "10.1183/09031936.04.00039004",
      "article-title": "Asthma and cigarette smoking",
      "volume": "24",
      "author": "Thomson",
      "year": "2004",
      "journal-title": "Eur Respir J"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib9",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1249",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.03.019",
      "article-title": "Prognostic factors of asthma severity: a 9-year international prospective cohort study",
      "volume": "117",
      "author": "de Marco",
      "year": "2006",
      "journal-title": "J Allergy Clin Immunol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib10",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "812",
      "DOI": "10.1183/09031936.05.00037905",
      "article-title": "Risk factors of frequent exacerbations in difficult-to-treat asthma",
      "volume": "26",
      "author": "ten Brinke",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "Eur Respir J"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib11",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "970",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.jaci.2005.08.035",
      "article-title": "Aspirin sensitivity and severity of asthma: evidence for irreversible airway obstruction in patients with severe or difficult-to-treat asthma",
      "volume": "116",
      "author": "Mascia",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "J Allergy Clin Immunol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib12",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "DOI": "10.1002/14651858.CD001108.pub2",
      "article-title": "Azoles for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis associated with asthma",
      "author": "Wark",
      "year": "2004",
      "journal-title": "Cochrane Database Syst Rev"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib13",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "DOI": "10.1002/14651858.CD001496",
      "article-title": "Gastro-oesophageal reflux treatment for asthma in adults and children",
      "author": "Gibson",
      "year": "2003",
      "journal-title": "Cochrane Database Syst Rev"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib14",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "963",
      "DOI": "10.1164/rccm.200303-403WS",
      "article-title": "Obesity and asthma: directions for research",
      "volume": "169",
      "author": "Weiss",
      "year": "2004",
      "journal-title": "Am J\u00a0Respir Crit Care Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib15",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "897",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.jaci.2004.11.050",
      "article-title": "The epidemiology of obesity and asthma",
      "volume": "115",
      "author": "Ford",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "J Allergy Clin Immunol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib16",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "440",
      "DOI": "10.1164/rccm.200405-623OC",
      "article-title": "Sex differences in the relation between body mass index and asthma and atopy in a birth cohort",
      "volume": "171",
      "author": "Hancox",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib17",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "79",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1398-9995.2005.00953.x",
      "article-title": "Are overweight asthmatics more difficult to control?",
      "volume": "61",
      "author": "Saint-Pierre",
      "year": "2006",
      "journal-title": "Allergy"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib18",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2079",
      "DOI": "10.2165/00003495-200161140-00005",
      "article-title": "Premenstrual asthma: epidemiology, pathogenesis and treatment",
      "volume": "61",
      "author": "Tan",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Drugs"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib19",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "211",
      "DOI": "10.1155/2005/375454",
      "article-title": "Patterns and determinants of compliance with inhaled steroids in adults with asthma",
      "volume": "12",
      "author": "Lacasse",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "Can Respir J"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib20",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "434",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1524-6175.2006.05328.x",
      "article-title": "Resistant or difficult-to-treat hypertension",
      "volume": "8",
      "author": "Moser",
      "year": "2006",
      "journal-title": "J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib21",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "7",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0022-3999(00)00203-8",
      "article-title": "Similar psychological characteristics in mild and severe asthma",
      "volume": "50",
      "author": "ten Brinke",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "J Psychosom Res"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib22",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1049",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.jaci.2005.02.008",
      "article-title": "Relationships among quality of life, severity, and control measures in asthma: an evaluation using factor analysis",
      "volume": "115",
      "author": "Schatz",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "J Allergy Clin Immunol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib23",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "902",
      "DOI": "10.1034/j.1399-3003.1999.14d29.x",
      "article-title": "Development and validation of a questionnaire to measure asthma control",
      "volume": "14",
      "author": "Juniper",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Eur Respir J"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib24",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1715",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11679-5",
      "article-title": "Asthma exacerbations and sputum eosinophil counts: a randomised controlled trial",
      "volume": "360",
      "author": "Green",
      "year": "2002",
      "journal-title": "Lancet"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib25",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "483",
      "DOI": "10.1183/09031936.06.00137704",
      "article-title": "Determining asthma treatment by monitoring sputum cell counts: effect on exacerbations",
      "volume": "27",
      "author": "Jayaram",
      "year": "2006",
      "journal-title": "Eur Respir J"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib26",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2163",
      "DOI": "10.1056/NEJMoa043596",
      "article-title": "Use of exhaled nitric oxide measurements to guide treatment in chronic asthma",
      "volume": "352",
      "author": "Smith",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "N Engl J Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib27",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "831",
      "DOI": "10.1164/rccm.200503-458OC",
      "article-title": "Titrating steroids on exhaled nitric oxide in children with asthma: a randomized controlled trial",
      "volume": "172",
      "author": "Pijnenburg",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib28",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "951",
      "DOI": "10.1183/09031936.06.00087905",
      "article-title": "Alveolar nitric oxide versus measures of peripheral airway dysfunction in severe asthma",
      "volume": "27",
      "author": "van Veen",
      "year": "2006",
      "journal-title": "Eur Respir J"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib29",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "875",
      "DOI": "10.1136/thorax.57.10.875",
      "article-title": "Analysis of induced sputum in adults with asthma: identification of subgroup with isolated sputum neutrophilia and poor response to inhaled corticosteroids",
      "volume": "57",
      "author": "Green",
      "year": "2002",
      "journal-title": "Thorax"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib30",
      "first-page": "185",
      "article-title": "Severe asthma: epidemiology, pathophysiology and treatment",
      "volume": "70",
      "author": "Wenzel",
      "year": "2003",
      "journal-title": "Mt Sinai J Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib31",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "601",
      "DOI": "10.1164/rccm.200404-440OC",
      "article-title": "\u201cRefractory\u201d eosinophilic airway inflammation in severe asthma: effect of parenteral corticosteroids",
      "volume": "170",
      "author": "ten Brinke",
      "year": "2004",
      "journal-title": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib32",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "61",
      "DOI": "10.1183/09031936.02.00232001",
      "article-title": "Costs of asthma are correlated with severity: a 1-yr prospective study",
      "volume": "19",
      "author": "Godard",
      "year": "2002",
      "journal-title": "Eur Respir J"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib33",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "247",
      "DOI": "10.1513/pats.200402-001MS",
      "article-title": "Glucocorticoids: effects on gene transcription",
      "volume": "1",
      "author": "Adcock",
      "year": "2004",
      "journal-title": "Proc Am Thorac Soc"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib34",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "101",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.jaci.2003.10.041",
      "article-title": "Distinguishing severe asthma phenotypes: role of age at onset and eosinophilic inflammation",
      "volume": "113",
      "author": "Miranda",
      "year": "2004",
      "journal-title": "J Allergy Clin Immunol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib35",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "757",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.1938.x",
      "article-title": "Polymorphisms of the ADAM33 gene are associated with accelerated lung function decline in asthma",
      "volume": "34",
      "author": "Jongepier",
      "year": "2004",
      "journal-title": "Clin Exp Allergy"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib36",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "729",
      "DOI": "10.1164/rccm.200409-1175OC",
      "article-title": "A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 33 protein in patients with asthma: relevance to airflow limitation",
      "volume": "173",
      "author": "Lee",
      "year": "2006",
      "journal-title": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib37",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "623",
      "DOI": "10.1007/s00439-001-0617-y",
      "article-title": "TGFbeta1 allele association with asthma severity",
      "volume": "109",
      "author": "Pulleyn",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Hum Genet"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib38",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "135",
      "DOI": "10.1067/mai.2000.107926",
      "article-title": "Polymorphisms in the IL4, IL4RA, and FCERIB genes and asthma severity",
      "volume": "106",
      "author": "Sandford",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "J Allergy Clin Immunol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib39",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "304",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1399-3038.2006.00412.x",
      "article-title": "Soluble CD14 at 2 yr of age: gender-related effects of tobacco smoke exposure, recurrent infections and atopic diseases",
      "volume": "17",
      "author": "Lodrup Carlsen",
      "year": "2006",
      "journal-title": "Pediatr Allergy Immunol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib40",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1353",
      "DOI": "10.1093/hmg/ddh149",
      "article-title": "Corticosteroid pharmacogenetics: association of sequence variants in CRHR1 with improved lung function in asthmatics treated with inhaled corticosteroids",
      "volume": "13",
      "author": "Tantisira",
      "year": "2004",
      "journal-title": "Hum Mol Genet"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib41",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "364",
      "DOI": "10.1513/pats.200409-043MS",
      "article-title": "Asthma steroid pharmacogenetics: a study strategy to identify replicated treatment responses",
      "volume": "1",
      "author": "Weiss",
      "year": "2004",
      "journal-title": "Proc Am Thorac Soc"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib42",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "56",
      "DOI": "10.1097/01.all.0000200506.62048.06",
      "article-title": "The relationship between respiratory syncytial virus infections and the development of wheezing and asthma in children",
      "volume": "6",
      "author": "Everard",
      "year": "2006",
      "journal-title": "Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib43",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "99",
      "DOI": "10.1513/pats.2306027",
      "article-title": "Allergens, viruses, and asthma exacerbations",
      "volume": "1",
      "author": "Murray",
      "year": "2004",
      "journal-title": "Proc Am Thorac Soc"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib44",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "376",
      "DOI": "10.1136/thx.2005.042523",
      "article-title": "Study of modifiable risk factors for asthma exacerbations: virus infection and allergen exposure increase the risk of asthma hospital admissions in children",
      "volume": "61",
      "author": "Murray",
      "year": "2006",
      "journal-title": "Thorax"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib45",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "433",
      "DOI": "10.1164/rccm.200412-1621OC",
      "article-title": "Interleukin-10 gene expression in acute virus-induced asthma",
      "volume": "172",
      "author": "Grissell",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib46",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "68",
      "DOI": "10.1183/09031936.02.00226302",
      "article-title": "Neutrophil degranulation and cell lysis is associated with clinical severity in virus-induced asthma",
      "volume": "19",
      "author": "Wark",
      "year": "2002",
      "journal-title": "Eur Respir J"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib47",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "192",
      "DOI": "10.1165/rcmb.2004-0417OC",
      "article-title": "Rhinovirus induces airway epithelial gene expression through double-stranded RNA and IFN-dependent pathways",
      "volume": "34",
      "author": "Chen",
      "year": "2006",
      "journal-title": "Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib48",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1782",
      "DOI": "10.1378/chest.121.6.1782",
      "article-title": "Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae in asthma: effect of clarithromycin",
      "volume": "121",
      "author": "Kraft",
      "year": "2002",
      "journal-title": "Chest"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib49",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "449",
      "DOI": "10.1067/mai.2001.113047",
      "article-title": "Persistent airflow limitation in adult-onset nonatopic asthma is associated with serologic evidence of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection",
      "volume": "107",
      "author": "ten Brinke",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "J Allergy Clin Immunol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib50",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1233",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.03.035",
      "article-title": "Macrolide antibiotics and asthma treatment",
      "volume": "117",
      "author": "Johnston",
      "year": "2006",
      "journal-title": "J Allergy Clin Immunol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib51",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "301",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0272-5231(05)70268-9",
      "article-title": "The role of bacterial infections in asthma",
      "volume": "21",
      "author": "Kraft",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Clin Chest Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib52",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "990",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.jaci.2005.08.018",
      "article-title": "Severity assessment in asthma: an evolving concept",
      "volume": "116",
      "author": "Miller",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "J Allergy Clin Immunol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib53",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "247",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S1081-1206(10)61221-5",
      "article-title": "Total serum IgE levels in a large cohort of patients with severe or difficult-to-treat asthma",
      "volume": "95",
      "author": "Borish",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib54",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "179",
      "DOI": "10.1080/02770900600566405",
      "article-title": "Group. TS. Gender differences in IgE-mediated allergic asthma in the epidemiology and natural history of asthma: outcomes and treatment regimens (TENOR) study",
      "volume": "43",
      "author": "Lee",
      "year": "2006",
      "journal-title": "J Asthma"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib55",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "S456",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.jaci.2005.07.006",
      "article-title": "6. Asthma: factors underlying inception, exacerbation, and disease progression",
      "volume": "117",
      "author": "Lemanske",
      "year": "2006",
      "journal-title": "J Allergy Clin Immunol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib56",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "976",
      "DOI": "10.1164/ajrccm.162.3.9910031",
      "article-title": "Persistent specific bronchial reactivity to occupational agents in workers with normal nonspecific bronchial reactivity",
      "volume": "162",
      "author": "Lemiere",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib57",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "417",
      "DOI": "10.1136/thorax.58.5.417",
      "article-title": "Allelic association and functional studies of promoter polymorphism in the leukotriene C4 synthase gene (LTC4S) in asthma",
      "volume": "58",
      "author": "Sayers",
      "year": "2003",
      "journal-title": "Thorax"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib58",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "248",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.jaci.2004.05.030",
      "article-title": "Functional effects and gender association of COX-2 gene polymorphism G-765C in bronchial asthma",
      "volume": "114",
      "author": "Szczeklik",
      "year": "2004",
      "journal-title": "J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib59",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1116",
      "DOI": "10.1067/mai.2003.1450",
      "article-title": "Biochemical and clinical evidence that aspirin-intolerant asthmatic subjects tolerate the cyclooxygenase 2-selective analgetic drug celecoxib",
      "volume": "111",
      "author": "Gyllfors",
      "year": "2003",
      "journal-title": "J Allergy Clin Immunol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib60",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1329",
      "DOI": "10.1378/chest.119.5.1329",
      "article-title": "Heterogeneity of airway inflammation in persistent asthma: evidence of neutrophilic inflammation and increased sputum interleukin-8",
      "volume": "119",
      "author": "Gibson",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Chest"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib61",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "559",
      "DOI": "10.1164/rccm.200503-369OC",
      "article-title": "Differential proteolytic enzyme activity in eosinophilic and neutrophilic asthma",
      "volume": "172",
      "author": "Simpson",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib62",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1012",
      "DOI": "10.1136/thx.2005.045260",
      "article-title": "Tumour necrosis factor (TNFalpha) as a novel therapeutic target in symptomatic corticosteroid dependent asthma",
      "volume": "60",
      "author": "Howarth",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "Thorax"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib63",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1362",
      "DOI": "10.1096/fasebj.14.10.1362",
      "article-title": "Involvement of the epidermal growth factor receptor in epithelial repair in asthma",
      "volume": "14",
      "author": "Puddicombe",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "FASEB J"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib64",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "233",
      "DOI": "10.1046/j.1365-2222.2003.01593.x",
      "article-title": "The role of the epidermal growth factor receptor in sustaining neutrophil inflammation in severe asthma",
      "volume": "33",
      "author": "Hamilton",
      "year": "2003",
      "journal-title": "Clin Exp Allergy"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib65",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "321",
      "DOI": "10.1034/j.1398-9995.2000.00112.x",
      "article-title": "Role of tachykinins in asthma",
      "volume": "55",
      "author": "Joos",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Allergy"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib66",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "697",
      "DOI": "10.1056/NEJMoa050580",
      "article-title": "Evidence of a role of tumor necrosis factor alpha in refractory asthma",
      "volume": "354",
      "author": "Berry",
      "year": "2006",
      "journal-title": "N Engl J Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib67",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "824",
      "DOI": "10.1164/rccm.200410-1413OC",
      "article-title": "Diminished lipoxin biosynthesis in severe asthma",
      "volume": "172",
      "author": "Levy",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib68",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "55",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.jaci.2004.09.038",
      "article-title": "Severe asthma is associated with a loss of LX4, an endogenous anti-inflammatory compound",
      "volume": "115",
      "author": "Vachier",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "J Allergy Clin Immunol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib69",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "301",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.plefa.2005.05.020",
      "article-title": "Design, synthesis and bioactions of novel stable mimetics of lipoxins and aspirin-triggered lipoxins",
      "volume": "73",
      "author": "Petasis",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib70",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "972",
      "DOI": "10.1164/rccm.200501-035OC",
      "article-title": "Defective apoptotic cell phagocytosis attenuates prostaglandin E2 and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid in severe asthma alveolar macrophages",
      "volume": "172",
      "author": "Huynh",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib71",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "409",
      "DOI": "10.1006/pupt.2001.0319",
      "article-title": "Reactive oxygen species as mediators in asthma",
      "volume": "14",
      "author": "Henricks",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Pulm Pharmacol Ther"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib72",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "476",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.10.015",
      "article-title": "Oxidative stress in asthma and COPD: antioxidants as a therapeutic strategy",
      "volume": "111",
      "author": "Kirkham",
      "year": "2006",
      "journal-title": "Pharmacol Ther"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib73",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "257",
      "DOI": "10.1183/09031936.05.00006705",
      "article-title": "Plasma concentrations of dietary and nondietary antioxidants are low in severe asthma",
      "volume": "26",
      "author": "Misso",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "Eur Respir J"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib74",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "175",
      "DOI": "10.1136/thorax.58.2.175",
      "article-title": "Multiple roles of nitric oxide in the airways",
      "volume": "58",
      "author": "Ricciardolo",
      "year": "2003",
      "journal-title": "Thorax"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib75",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1867",
      "DOI": "10.4049/jimmunol.175.3.1867",
      "article-title": "Lyn-deficient mice develop severe, persistent asthma: Lyn is a critical negative regulator of Th2 immunity",
      "volume": "175",
      "author": "Beavitt",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "J Immunol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib76",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "985",
      "DOI": "10.1183/09031936.03.00059802",
      "article-title": "Glucocorticoid receptor-binding characteristics in severe asthma",
      "volume": "21",
      "author": "Bonnans",
      "year": "2003",
      "journal-title": "Eur Respir J"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib77",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "264",
      "DOI": "10.1513/pats.200402-014MS",
      "article-title": "Corticosteroid resistance in airway disease",
      "volume": "1",
      "author": "Barnes",
      "year": "2004",
      "journal-title": "Proc Am Thorac Soc"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib78",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "522",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.01.032",
      "article-title": "Update on glucocorticoid action and resistance",
      "volume": "117",
      "author": "Ito",
      "year": "2006",
      "journal-title": "J Allergy Clin Immunol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib79",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1711",
      "DOI": "10.1056/NEJMra050541",
      "article-title": "Antiinflammatory action of glucocorticoids\u2013new mechanisms for old drugs",
      "volume": "353",
      "author": "Rhen",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "N Engl J Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib80",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "141",
      "DOI": "10.1164/rccm.200305-659OC",
      "article-title": "Histone acetylase and deacetylase activity in alveolar macrophages and blood mononocytes in asthma",
      "volume": "170",
      "author": "Cosio",
      "year": "2004",
      "journal-title": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib81",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "7",
      "DOI": "10.1084/jem.20050466",
      "article-title": "Histone deacetylase 2-mediated deacetylation of the glucocorticoid receptor enables NF-kappaB suppression",
      "volume": "203",
      "author": "Ito",
      "year": "2006",
      "journal-title": "J Exp Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib82",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "61",
      "DOI": "10.1165/rcmb.4715",
      "article-title": "Increased expression of p21(waf) cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor in asthmatic bronchial epithelium",
      "volume": "28",
      "author": "Puddicombe",
      "year": "2003",
      "journal-title": "Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib83",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "110",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.jaci.2004.09.034",
      "article-title": "Increased TGF-beta2 in severe asthma with eosinophilia",
      "volume": "115",
      "author": "Balzar",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "J Allergy Clin Immunol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib84",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1097",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0002-9440(10)63371-8",
      "article-title": "Transforming growth factor-beta2 induces bronchial epithelial mucin expression in asthma",
      "volume": "165",
      "author": "Chu",
      "year": "2004",
      "journal-title": "Am J Pathol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib85",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "632",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.1916.x",
      "article-title": "Efficacy and safety of a recombinant anti-immunoglobin E antibody (omalizumab) in severe allergic asthma",
      "volume": "34",
      "author": "Holgate",
      "year": "2004",
      "journal-title": "Clin Exp Allergy"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib86",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "544",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.jaci.2005.06.011",
      "article-title": "Differences in airway remodeling between subjects with severe and moderate asthma",
      "volume": "116",
      "author": "Pepe",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "J Allergy Clin Immunol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib87",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "560",
      "DOI": "10.1056/NEJMoa021660",
      "article-title": "Dysfunctional interaction of C/EBPalpha and the glucocorticoid receptor in asthmatic bronchial smooth-muscle cells",
      "volume": "351",
      "author": "Roth",
      "year": "2004",
      "journal-title": "N Engl J Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib88",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "L281",
      "DOI": "10.1152/ajplung.00320.2005",
      "article-title": "A novel bronchial ring bioassay for the evaluation of small airway smooth muscle function in mice",
      "volume": "291",
      "author": "Liu",
      "year": "2006",
      "journal-title": "Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib89",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "913",
      "DOI": "10.1139/y05-091",
      "article-title": "Beneficial and harmful effects of oscillatory mechanical strain on airway smooth muscle",
      "volume": "83",
      "author": "Maksym",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "Can J Physiol Pharmacol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib90",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2",
      "DOI": "10.1186/1465-9921-5-2",
      "article-title": "Bronchospasm and its biophysical basis in airway smooth muscle",
      "volume": "5",
      "author": "Fredberg",
      "year": "2004",
      "journal-title": "Respir Res"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib91",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "941",
      "DOI": "10.1164/rccm.2602002",
      "article-title": "\u201cHot stuff\u201d: bronchial thermoplasty for asthma",
      "volume": "173",
      "author": "Bel",
      "year": "2006",
      "journal-title": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib92",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "965",
      "DOI": "10.1164/rccm.200507-1162OC",
      "article-title": "Bronchial thermoplasty for asthma",
      "volume": "173",
      "author": "Cox",
      "year": "2006",
      "journal-title": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib93",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1699",
      "DOI": "10.1056/NEJMoa012705",
      "article-title": "Mast-cell infiltration of airway smooth muscle in asthma",
      "volume": "346",
      "author": "Brightling",
      "year": "2002",
      "journal-title": "N\u00a0Engl J Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib94",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "879",
      "DOI": "10.1183/09031936.02.00275802",
      "article-title": "Distribution and degranulation of airway mast cells in normal and asthmatic subjects",
      "volume": "19",
      "author": "Carroll",
      "year": "2002",
      "journal-title": "Eur Respir J"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib95",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "677",
      "DOI": "10.1136/thorax.57.8.677",
      "article-title": "Increased mast cells and neutrophils in submucosal mucous glands and mucus plugging in patients with asthma",
      "volume": "57",
      "author": "Carroll",
      "year": "2002",
      "journal-title": "Thorax"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib96",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1138",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0012-3692(15)31289-7",
      "article-title": "Risk factors for near-fatal asthma",
      "volume": "126",
      "author": "Gelb",
      "year": "2004",
      "journal-title": "Chest"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib97",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "857",
      "DOI": "10.1164/rccm.200403-305OC",
      "article-title": "Abnormal alveolar attachments with decreased elastic fiber content in distal lung in fatal asthma",
      "volume": "170",
      "author": "Mauad",
      "year": "2004",
      "journal-title": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib98",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1309",
      "DOI": "10.1164/rccm.200601-037OC",
      "article-title": "Airflow limitation and airway dimensions in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease",
      "volume": "173",
      "author": "Hasegawa",
      "year": "2006",
      "journal-title": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib99",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "226",
      "DOI": "10.1034/j.1399-3003.2000.16b08.x",
      "article-title": "Optimal asthma control, starting with high doses of inhaled budesonide",
      "volume": "16",
      "author": "Reddel",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Eur Respir J"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib100",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "78",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.03.040",
      "article-title": "Bronchial responsiveness to leukotriene D(4) is resistant to inhaled fluticasone propionate",
      "volume": "118",
      "author": "Gyllfors",
      "year": "2006",
      "journal-title": "J Allergy Clin Immunol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib101",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1505",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17273-5",
      "article-title": "Use of regularly scheduled albuterol treatment in asthma: genotype-stratified, randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over trial",
      "volume": "364",
      "author": "Israel",
      "year": "2004",
      "journal-title": "Lancet"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib102",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "519",
      "DOI": "10.1164/rccm.200509-1519OC",
      "article-title": "\u03b2-adrenergic Receptor Polymorphisms and Response to Salmeterol",
      "volume": "173",
      "author": "Wechsler",
      "year": "2006",
      "journal-title": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib103",
      "article-title": "British guideline on the management of asthma",
      "author": "British Thoracic Society and Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "A national guideline"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib104",
      "unstructured": "National Asthma Education and Prevention Program. Expert Panel Report 2: Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma. National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 1997."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib105",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1225",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0954-6111(03)00253-1",
      "article-title": "High levels of urinary leukotriene E4 excretion in steroid treated patients with severe asthma",
      "volume": "97",
      "author": "Vachier",
      "year": "2003",
      "journal-title": "Respir Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib106",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2007",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0140-6736(00)05113-8",
      "article-title": "Addition of leukotriene antagonists to therapy in chronic persistent asthma: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial",
      "volume": "357",
      "author": "Robinson",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Lancet"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib107",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "578",
      "DOI": "10.1164/ajrccm.162.2.9905041",
      "article-title": "Zafirlukast improves asthma control in patients receiving high-dose inhaled corticosteroids",
      "volume": "162",
      "author": "Virchow",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib108",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "9",
      "DOI": "10.1164/ajrccm.165.1.2010080",
      "article-title": "Improvement of aspirin-intolerant asthma by montelukast, a leukotriene antagonist: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial",
      "volume": "165",
      "author": "Dahlen",
      "year": "2002",
      "journal-title": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib109",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "DOI": "10.1002/14651858.CD003269.pub2",
      "article-title": "Anticholinergic Agents for chronic\u00a0asthma in adults",
      "author": "Westby",
      "year": "2004",
      "journal-title": "The Cochrane Database Syst Rev"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib110",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "184",
      "DOI": "10.1067/mai.2001.117880",
      "article-title": "Omalizumab, anti-IgE recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody, for the treatment of severe allergic asthma",
      "volume": "108",
      "author": "Busse",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "J Allerg Clin Immunol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib111",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "87",
      "DOI": "10.1067/mai.2003.49",
      "article-title": "Omalizumab, a recombinant humanized anti-IgE antibody, reduces asthma-related emergency room visits and hospitalizations in patients with allergic asthma",
      "volume": "111",
      "author": "Corren",
      "year": "2003",
      "journal-title": "J Allerg Clin Immunol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib112",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "254",
      "DOI": "10.1183/09031936.01.00092101",
      "article-title": "The anti-IgE antibody omalizumab reduces exacerbations and steroid requirement in allergic asthmatics",
      "volume": "18",
      "author": "Soler",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Eur Respir J"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib113",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "309",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1398-9995.2004.00772.x",
      "article-title": "Benefits of omalizumab as add-on therapy in patients with severe persistent asthma who are inadequately controlled despite best available therapy (GINA 2002 step 4 treatment): INNOVATE",
      "volume": "60",
      "author": "Humbert",
      "year": "2005",
      "journal-title": "Allergy"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib114",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2275",
      "DOI": "10.1001/jama.295.19.2275",
      "article-title": "Anti-TNF antibody therapy in rheumatoid arthritis and the risk of serious infections and malignancies: systematic review and meta-analysis of rare harmful effects in randomized controlled trials",
      "volume": "295",
      "author": "Bongartz",
      "year": "2006",
      "journal-title": "JAMA"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib115",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "714",
      "DOI": "10.1183/09031936.04.00118404",
      "article-title": "Clarithromycin reduces the severity of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in patients with asthma",
      "volume": "23",
      "author": "Kostadima",
      "year": "2004",
      "journal-title": "Eur Respir J"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib116",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1415",
      "DOI": "10.1164/ajrccm.163.6.2006069",
      "article-title": "Evaluation of two different educational interventions for adult patients consulting with an acute asthma exacerbation",
      "volume": "163",
      "author": "C\u00f4t\u00e9",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Am J Resp Crit Care Med"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702_bib117",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "508",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.jaci.2005.12.1316",
      "article-title": "Managing severe asthma",
      "volume": "117",
      "author": "Wenzel",
      "year": "2006",
      "journal-title": "J Allergy Clin Immunol"
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0091674907004150?httpAccept=text/xml",
      "content-type": "text/xml",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "text-mining"
    },
    {
      "URL": "https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0091674907004150?httpAccept=text/plain",
      "content-type": "text/plain",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "text-mining"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2024,
        2,
        13
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2024-02-13T11:19:51Z",
    "timestamp": 1707823191000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0091674907004150"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2007,
        6
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 117,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "6",
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2007,
          6
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "alternative-id": [
    "S0091674907004150"
  ],
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "0091-6749"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "container-title-short": "Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology",
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2007,
        6
      ]
    ]
  },
  "assertion": [
    {
      "value": "Elsevier",
      "name": "publisher",
      "label": "This article is maintained by"
    },
    {
      "value": "Severe asthma in adults: What are the important questions?",
      "name": "articletitle",
      "label": "Article Title"
    },
    {
      "value": "Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology",
      "name": "journaltitle",
      "label": "Journal Title"
    },
    {
      "value": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702",
      "name": "articlelink",
      "label": "CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"
    },
    {
      "value": "article",
      "name": "content_type",
      "label": "Content Type"
    },
    {
      "value": "Copyright \u00a9 2007 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.",
      "name": "copyright",
      "label": "Copyright"
    }
  ]
}