DOI: 10.1016/s0955-0674(00)00201-5. DNA-PK, ATM and ATR as sensors of DNA damage: variations on a theme?

DNA-PK, ATM and ATR as sensors of DNA damage: variations on a theme?

10.1016/s0955-0674(00)00201-5

Crossref journal-article

Elsevier BV

Current Opinion in Cell Biology (78)

Bibliography

Durocher, D., & Jackson, S. P. (2001). DNA-PK, ATM and ATR as sensors of DNA damage: variations on a theme? Current Opinion in Cell Biology, 13(2), 225â231.

Authors 2

Daniel Durocher (first)
Stephen P Jackson (additional)

References 66 Referenced 399

10.1126/science.270.5241.1488 / Science / Yeast checkpoint genes in DNA damage processing implications for repair and arrest by Lydall (1995)
10.1016/S0959-437X(99)00050-7 / Curr Opin Genet Dev / Sensing and responding to DNA damage by Lowndes (2000)
10.1016/S0960-9822(00)00439-5 / Curr Biol / How to activate p53 by Caspari (2000)
10.1126/science.288.5470.1425 / Science / Rapid destruction of human Cdc25A in response to DNA damage by Mailand (2000)
10.1038/sj.onc.1203015 / Oncogene / Regulation of p53 in response to DNA damage by Lakin (1999)
10.1126/science.274.5293.1664 / Science / Cell cycle checkpoints: preventing an identity crisis by Elledge (1996)
10.1038/35037717 / Nature / Defying death after DNA damage by Rich (2000)
10.1016/0092-8674(95)90482-4 / Cell / DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit: a relative of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and the ataxia telangiectasia gene product by Hartley (1995)
10.1101/gad.13.8.916 / Genes Dev / The DNA-dependent protein kinase by Smith (1999)
10.1016/S0021-9258(18)82219-0 / J Biol Chem / Purification and characterization of a template-associated protein kinase that phosphorylates RNA polymerase II by Dvir (1993)
10.1016/0092-8674(93)90057-W / Cell / The DNA-dependent protein kinase: requirement for DNA ends and association with Ku antigen by Gottlieb (1993)
10.1073/pnas.95.2.525 / Proc Natl Acad Sci USA / DNA-dependent protein kinase: DNA binding and activation in the absence of Ku by Hammarsten (1998)
10.1038/29343 / Nature / DNA dependent protein kinase acts upstream of p53 in response to DNA damage by Woo (1998)
10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80416-X / Cell / DNA damage-induced phosphorylation of p53 alleviates inhibition by MDM2 by Shieh (1997)
{'key': '10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB15', 'first-page': '68', 'article-title': 'DNA dependent protein kinase is not required for accumulation of p53 or cell cycle arrest after DNA damage', 'volume': '57', 'author': 'Rathmell', 'year': '1997', 'journal-title': 'Cancer Res'} / Cancer Res / DNA dependent protein kinase is not required for accumulation of p53 or cell cycle arrest after DNA damage by Rathmell (1997)
10.1074/jbc.274.24.17139 / J Biol Chem / DNA-dependent protein kinase-independent activation of p53 in response to DNA damage by Burma (1999)
10.1128/MCB.20.11.4075-4083.2000 / Mol Cell Biol / The p53 response to DNA damage in vivo is independent of DNA-dependent protein kinase by Jhappan (2000)
10.1073/pnas.97.4.1584 / Proc Natl Acad Sci USA / The catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase selectively regulates p53-dependent apoptosis but not cell-cycle arrest by Wang (2000)
10.1128/MCB.19.5.3877 / Mol Cell Biol / Requirement for the kinase activity of human DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit in DNA strand break rejoining by Kurimasa (1999)
10.1093/nar/21.5.1289 / Nucleic Acids Res / c-Jun is phosphorylated by the DNA-dependent protein kinase in vitro: definition of the minimal kinase recognition motif by Bannister (1993)
10.1074/jbc.274.53.37538 / J Biol Chem / Substrate specificities and identification of putative substrates of ATM kinase family members by Kim (1999)
{'key': '10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB22', 'first-page': '267', 'article-title': 'ATM and lymphoid malignancies; use of oriented peptide libraries to identify novel substrates of ATM critical in downstream signalling pathways', 'volume': '246', 'author': 'Rathbun', 'year': '1999', 'journal-title': 'Curr Top Microbiol Immunol'} / Curr Top Microbiol Immunol / ATM and lymphoid malignancies; use of oriented peptide libraries to identify novel substrates of ATM critical in downstream signalling pathways by Rathbun (1999)
{'key': '10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB23', 'first-page': '283', 'article-title': 'The nuclear serine/threonine protein kinase DNA-PK', 'volume': '2', 'author': 'Anderson', 'year': '1992', 'journal-title': 'Crit Rev Eukaryotic Gene Expr'} / Crit Rev Eukaryotic Gene Expr / The nuclear serine/threonine protein kinase DNA-PK by Anderson (1992)
10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80086-0 / Cell / Atm deficient mice a paradigm of ataxia telangiectasia by Barlow (1996)
10.1101/gad.10.19.2411 / Genes Dev / Targeted disruption of ATM leads to growth retardation, chromosomal fragmentation during meiosis, immune defects, and thymic lymphoma by Xu (1996)
10.1073/pnas.77.12.7315 / Proc Natl Acad Sci USA / Radiosensitivity in ataxia-telangiectasia: a new explanation by Painter (1980)
10.1016/0092-8674(92)90593-2 / Cell / A mammalian cell cycle checkpoint pathway utilizing p53 and Gadd45 is defective in ataxia telangiectasia by Kastan (1992)
10.1126/science.281.5383.1677 / Science / Activation of the ATM kinase by ionizing radiation and phosphorylation of p53 by Canman (1998)
10.1073/pnas.96.26.14973 / Proc Natl Acad Sci USA / Rapid ATM-dependent phosphorylation of MDM2 precedes p53 accumulation in response to DNA damage by Khosravi (1999)
10.1126/science.281.5383.1674 / Science / Enhanced phosphorylation of p53 by ATM in response to DNA damage by Banin (1998)
10.1038/35018134 / Nature / Functional link of BRCA1 and ataxia telangiectasia gene product in DNA damage response by Li (2000)
10.1126/science.286.5442.1162 / Science / Requirement of ATM-dependent phosphorylation of BRCA1 in the DNA damage response to double-strand breaks by Cortez (1999)
10.1038/35036406 / Nat Cell Biol / Threonine 68 is required for radiation-induced phosphorylation and activation of Cds1 by Melchionna (2000)
10.1038/35007091 / Nature / ATM phosphorylates p95/nbs1 in an S-phase checkpoint pathway by Lim (2000)
10.1038/35013083 / Nature / Functional link between ataxia-telangiectasia and Nijmegen breakage syndrome gene products by Zhao (2000)
10.1101/gad.14.4.397 / Genes Dev / ATR disruption leads to chromosomal fragmentation and early embryonic lethality by Brown (2000)
10.1016/S0960-9822(00)00447-4 / Curr Biol / Targeted disruption of the cell-cycle checkpoint gene ATR leads to early embryonic lethality in mice by de Klein (2000)
10.1093/emboj/17.1.159 / EMBO J / Overexpression of a kinase inactive ATR protein causes sensitivity to DNA damaging agents and defects in cell cycle checkpoints by Cliby (1998)
10.1073/pnas.95.13.7445 / Proc Natl Acad Sci USA / Protein kinase mutants of human ATR increase sensitivity to UV and ionizing radiation and abrogate cell cycle checkpoint control by Wright (1998)
10.1101/gad.842500 / Genes Dev / Requirement for Atr in phosphorylation of Chk1 and cell cycle regulation in response to DNA replication blocks and UV-damaged DNA in Xenopus egg extracts by Guo (2000)
10.1101/gad.13.2.152 / Genes Dev / A role for ATR in the DNA damage induced phosphorylation of p53 by Tibbetts (1999)
10.1038/sj.onc.1202973 / Oncogene / The ataxia-telangiectasia related protein ATR mediates DNA-dependent phosphorylation of p53 by Lakin (1999)
10.1073/pnas.96.20.11134 / Proc Natl Acad Sci USA / Purification and DNA binding properties of the ataxia-telangiectasia gene product ATM by Smith (1999)
10.1074/jbc.274.36.25571 / J Biol Chem / Recruitment of ATM protein to double strand DNA irradiated with ionizing radiation by Suzuki (1999)
10.1038/sj.onc.1203077 / Oncogene / ATR is a caffeine-sensitive, DNA-activated protein kinase with a substrate specificity distinct from DNA-PK by Hall-Jackson (1999)
10.1091/mbc.9.9.2361 / Mol Biol Cell / Characterization of ATM expression, localization, and associated DNA dependent protein kinase activity by Gately (1998)
10.1074/jbc.275.11.7803 / J Biol Chem / Purification and characterization of ATM from human placenta — a manganese-dependent, wortmannin-sensitive serine/threonine protein kinase by Chan (2000)
10.1016/S1097-2765(00)00063-0 / Mol Cell / Reconstitution of an ATM-dependent checkpoint that inhibits chromosomal DNA replication following DNA damage by Costanzo (2000)
10.1091/mbc.5.2.147 / Mol Biol Cell / Identification and characterization of new elements involved in checkpoint and feedback controls in fission yeast by al-Khodairy (1994)
10.1038/15623 / Nat Cell Biol / A Rad3-Rad26 complex responds to DNA damage independently of other checkpoint proteins by Edwards (1999)
10.1038/15614 / Nat Cell Biol / Sensor-less checkpoint activation? by Michelson (1999)
10.1091/mbc.10.11.3661 / Mol Biol Cell / Checkpoint defects leading to premature mitosis also cause endoreplication of DNA in Aspergillus nidulans by De Souza (1999)
10.1101/gad.14.16.2046 / Genes Dev / The checkpoint protein Ddc2, functionally related to S. pombe Rad26, interacts with Mec1 and is regulated by Mec1-dependent phosphorylation in budding yeast by Paciotti (2000)
10.1093/emboj/19.21.5801 / EMBO J / LCD1: An essential gene involved in checkpoint control and regulation of the MEC1 signalling pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Rouse (2000)
10.1128/MCB.21.3.755-764.2001 / Mol Cell Biol / Pie1, a protein interacting with Mec1, controls cell growth and checkpoint responses in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Wakayama (2001)
10.1074/jbc.273.10.5858 / J Biol Chem / DNA double-stranded breaks induce histone H2AX phosphorylation on serine 139 by Rogakou (1998)
10.1038/35050000 / Nature / A role for Saccharomyces cerevisiae histone H2A in DNA repair by Downs (2000)
10.1083/jcb.146.5.905 / J Cell Biol / Megabase chromatin domains involved in DNA double-strand breaks in vivo by Rogakou (1999)
10.1016/S0960-9822(00)00610-2 / Curr Biol / A critical role for histone H2AX in recruitment of repair factors to nuclear foci after DNA damage by Paull (2000)
10.1128/MCB.15.11.6128 / Mol Cell Biol / Single-stranded DNA arising at telomeres in cdc13 mutants may constitute a specific signal for the RAD9 checkpoint by Garvik (1995)
10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81482-8 / Cell / Saccharomyces Ku70, Mre11/Rad50 and RPA proteins regulate adaptation to G2/M arrest after DNA damage by Lee (1998)
10.1016/0092-8674(95)90448-4 / Cell / DNA polymerase epsilon links the DNA replication machinery to the S phase checkpoint by Navas (1995)
10.1093/emboj/18.16.4485 / EMBO J / Cell cycle progression in the presence of irreparable DNA damage is controlled by a Mec1- and Rad53-dependent checkpoint in budding yeast by Neecke (1999)
10.1101/gad.14.8.927 / Genes Dev / BASC, a super complex of BRCA1-associated proteins: involved in the recognition and repair of aberrant DNA structures by Wang (2000)
10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80587-5 / Cell / A sliding clamp model for the Rad1 family of cell cycle checkpoint proteins by Thelen (1999)
10.1016/S0027-5107(00)00049-X / Mutat Res / DNA damage checkpoints and DNA replication controls in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Foiani (2000)

Dates

Type	When
Created	23 years, 1 month ago (July 25, 2002, 4:01 p.m.)
Deposited	2 years, 4 months ago (April 12, 2023, 7:11 p.m.)
Indexed	2 months ago (July 2, 2025, 2:45 p.m.)
Issued	24 years, 5 months ago (April 1, 2001)
Published	24 years, 5 months ago (April 1, 2001)
Published Print	24 years, 5 months ago (April 1, 2001)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Durocher_2001, title={DNA-PK, ATM and ATR as sensors of DNA damage: variations on a theme?}, volume={13}, ISSN={0955-0674}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0955-0674(00)00201-5}, DOI={10.1016/s0955-0674(00)00201-5}, number={2}, journal={Current Opinion in Cell Biology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Durocher, Daniel and Jackson, Stephen P}, year={2001}, month=apr, pages={225–231} }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2025,
        7,
        2
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2025-07-02T18:45:05Z",
    "timestamp": 1751481905846
  },
  "reference-count": 66,
  "publisher": "Elsevier BV",
  "issue": "2",
  "license": [
    {
      "start": {
        "date-parts": [
          [
            2001,
            4,
            1
          ]
        ],
        "date-time": "2001-04-01T00:00:00Z",
        "timestamp": 986083200000
      },
      "content-version": "tdm",
      "delay-in-days": 0,
      "URL": "https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/"
    }
  ],
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [],
    "crossmark-restriction": false
  },
  "published-print": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2001,
        4
      ]
    ]
  },
  "DOI": "10.1016/s0955-0674(00)00201-5",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2002,
        7,
        25
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2002-07-25T20:01:38Z",
    "timestamp": 1027627298000
  },
  "page": "225-231",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 399,
  "title": "DNA-PK, ATM and ATR as sensors of DNA damage: variations on a theme?",
  "prefix": "10.1016",
  "volume": "13",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "Daniel",
      "family": "Durocher",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Stephen P",
      "family": "Jackson",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    }
  ],
  "member": "78",
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1488",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.270.5241.1488",
      "article-title": "Yeast checkpoint genes in DNA damage processing implications for repair and arrest",
      "volume": "270",
      "author": "Lydall",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "Science"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "17",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0959-437X(99)00050-7",
      "article-title": "Sensing and responding to DNA damage",
      "volume": "10",
      "author": "Lowndes",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Curr Opin Genet Dev"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB3",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "R315",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0960-9822(00)00439-5",
      "article-title": "How to activate p53",
      "volume": "10",
      "author": "Caspari",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Curr Biol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB4",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1425",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.288.5470.1425",
      "article-title": "Rapid destruction of human Cdc25A in response to DNA damage",
      "volume": "288",
      "author": "Mailand",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Science"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB5",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "7644",
      "DOI": "10.1038/sj.onc.1203015",
      "article-title": "Regulation of p53 in response to DNA damage",
      "volume": "18",
      "author": "Lakin",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Oncogene"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB6",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1664",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.274.5293.1664",
      "article-title": "Cell cycle checkpoints: preventing an identity crisis",
      "volume": "274",
      "author": "Elledge",
      "year": "1996",
      "journal-title": "Science"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB7",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "777",
      "DOI": "10.1038/35037717",
      "article-title": "Defying death after DNA damage",
      "volume": "407",
      "author": "Rich",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Nature"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB8",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "849",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(95)90482-4",
      "article-title": "DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit: a relative of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and the ataxia telangiectasia gene product",
      "volume": "82",
      "author": "Hartley",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "Cell"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB9",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "916",
      "DOI": "10.1101/gad.13.8.916",
      "article-title": "The DNA-dependent protein kinase",
      "volume": "13",
      "author": "Smith",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Genes Dev"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB10",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "10440",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0021-9258(18)82219-0",
      "article-title": "Purification and characterization of a template-associated protein kinase that phosphorylates RNA polymerase II",
      "volume": "268",
      "author": "Dvir",
      "year": "1993",
      "journal-title": "J Biol Chem"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB11",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "131",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(93)90057-W",
      "article-title": "The DNA-dependent protein kinase: requirement for DNA ends and association with Ku antigen",
      "volume": "72",
      "author": "Gottlieb",
      "year": "1993",
      "journal-title": "Cell"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB12",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "525",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.95.2.525",
      "article-title": "DNA-dependent protein kinase: DNA binding and activation in the absence of Ku",
      "volume": "95",
      "author": "Hammarsten",
      "year": "1998",
      "journal-title": "Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB13",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "700",
      "DOI": "10.1038/29343",
      "article-title": "DNA dependent protein kinase acts upstream of p53 in response to DNA damage",
      "volume": "394",
      "author": "Woo",
      "year": "1998",
      "journal-title": "Nature"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB14",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "325",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80416-X",
      "article-title": "DNA damage-induced phosphorylation of p53 alleviates inhibition by MDM2",
      "volume": "91",
      "author": "Shieh",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "Cell"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB15",
      "first-page": "68",
      "article-title": "DNA dependent protein kinase is not required for accumulation of p53 or cell cycle arrest after DNA damage",
      "volume": "57",
      "author": "Rathmell",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "Cancer Res"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB16",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "17139",
      "DOI": "10.1074/jbc.274.24.17139",
      "article-title": "DNA-dependent protein kinase-independent activation of p53 in response to DNA damage",
      "volume": "274",
      "author": "Burma",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "J Biol Chem"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB17",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "4075",
      "DOI": "10.1128/MCB.20.11.4075-4083.2000",
      "article-title": "The p53 response to DNA damage in vivo is independent of DNA-dependent protein kinase",
      "volume": "20",
      "author": "Jhappan",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Mol Cell Biol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB18",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1584",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.97.4.1584",
      "article-title": "The catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase selectively regulates p53-dependent apoptosis but not cell-cycle arrest",
      "volume": "97",
      "author": "Wang",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB19",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "3877",
      "DOI": "10.1128/MCB.19.5.3877",
      "article-title": "Requirement for the kinase activity of human DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit in DNA strand break rejoining",
      "volume": "19",
      "author": "Kurimasa",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Mol Cell Biol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB20",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1289",
      "DOI": "10.1093/nar/21.5.1289",
      "article-title": "c-Jun is phosphorylated by the DNA-dependent protein kinase in vitro: definition of the minimal kinase recognition motif",
      "volume": "21",
      "author": "Bannister",
      "year": "1993",
      "journal-title": "Nucleic Acids Res"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB21",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "37538",
      "DOI": "10.1074/jbc.274.53.37538",
      "article-title": "Substrate specificities and identification of putative substrates of ATM kinase family members",
      "volume": "274",
      "author": "Kim",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "J Biol Chem"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB22",
      "first-page": "267",
      "article-title": "ATM and lymphoid malignancies; use of oriented peptide libraries to identify novel substrates of ATM critical in downstream signalling pathways",
      "volume": "246",
      "author": "Rathbun",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB23",
      "first-page": "283",
      "article-title": "The nuclear serine/threonine protein kinase DNA-PK",
      "volume": "2",
      "author": "Anderson",
      "year": "1992",
      "journal-title": "Crit Rev Eukaryotic Gene Expr"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB24",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "159",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80086-0",
      "article-title": "Atm deficient mice a paradigm of ataxia telangiectasia",
      "volume": "86",
      "author": "Barlow",
      "year": "1996",
      "journal-title": "Cell"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB25",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2411",
      "DOI": "10.1101/gad.10.19.2411",
      "article-title": "Targeted disruption of ATM leads to growth retardation, chromosomal fragmentation during meiosis, immune defects, and thymic lymphoma",
      "volume": "10",
      "author": "Xu",
      "year": "1996",
      "journal-title": "Genes Dev"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB26",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "7315",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.77.12.7315",
      "article-title": "Radiosensitivity in ataxia-telangiectasia: a new explanation",
      "volume": "77",
      "author": "Painter",
      "year": "1980",
      "journal-title": "Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB27",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "587",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(92)90593-2",
      "article-title": "A mammalian cell cycle checkpoint pathway utilizing p53 and Gadd45 is defective in ataxia telangiectasia",
      "volume": "71",
      "author": "Kastan",
      "year": "1992",
      "journal-title": "Cell"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB28",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1677",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.281.5383.1677",
      "article-title": "Activation of the ATM kinase by ionizing radiation and phosphorylation of p53",
      "volume": "281",
      "author": "Canman",
      "year": "1998",
      "journal-title": "Science"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB29",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "14973",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.96.26.14973",
      "article-title": "Rapid ATM-dependent phosphorylation of MDM2 precedes p53 accumulation in response to DNA damage",
      "volume": "96",
      "author": "Khosravi",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB30",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1674",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.281.5383.1674",
      "article-title": "Enhanced phosphorylation of p53 by ATM in response to DNA damage",
      "volume": "281",
      "author": "Banin",
      "year": "1998",
      "journal-title": "Science"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB31",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "210",
      "DOI": "10.1038/35018134",
      "article-title": "Functional link of BRCA1 and ataxia telangiectasia gene product in DNA damage response",
      "volume": "406",
      "author": "Li",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Nature"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB32",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1162",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.286.5442.1162",
      "article-title": "Requirement of ATM-dependent phosphorylation of BRCA1 in the DNA damage response to double-strand breaks",
      "volume": "286",
      "author": "Cortez",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Science"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB33",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "762",
      "DOI": "10.1038/35036406",
      "article-title": "Threonine 68 is required for radiation-induced phosphorylation and activation of Cds1",
      "volume": "2",
      "author": "Melchionna",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Nat Cell Biol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB34",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "613",
      "DOI": "10.1038/35007091",
      "article-title": "ATM phosphorylates p95/nbs1 in an S-phase checkpoint pathway",
      "volume": "404",
      "author": "Lim",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Nature"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB35",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "473",
      "DOI": "10.1038/35013083",
      "article-title": "Functional link between ataxia-telangiectasia and Nijmegen breakage syndrome gene products",
      "volume": "405",
      "author": "Zhao",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Nature"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB36",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "397",
      "DOI": "10.1101/gad.14.4.397",
      "article-title": "ATR disruption leads to chromosomal fragmentation and early embryonic lethality",
      "volume": "14",
      "author": "Brown",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Genes Dev"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB37",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "479",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0960-9822(00)00447-4",
      "article-title": "Targeted disruption of the cell-cycle checkpoint gene ATR leads to early embryonic lethality in mice",
      "volume": "10",
      "author": "de Klein",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Curr Biol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB38",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "159",
      "DOI": "10.1093/emboj/17.1.159",
      "article-title": "Overexpression of a kinase inactive ATR protein causes sensitivity to DNA damaging agents and defects in cell cycle checkpoints",
      "volume": "17",
      "author": "Cliby",
      "year": "1998",
      "journal-title": "EMBO J"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB39",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "7445",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.95.13.7445",
      "article-title": "Protein kinase mutants of human ATR increase sensitivity to UV and ionizing radiation and abrogate cell cycle checkpoint control",
      "volume": "95",
      "author": "Wright",
      "year": "1998",
      "journal-title": "Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB40",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2745",
      "DOI": "10.1101/gad.842500",
      "article-title": "Requirement for Atr in phosphorylation of Chk1 and cell cycle regulation in response to DNA replication blocks and UV-damaged DNA in Xenopus egg extracts",
      "volume": "14",
      "author": "Guo",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Genes Dev"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB41",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "152",
      "DOI": "10.1101/gad.13.2.152",
      "article-title": "A role for ATR in the DNA damage induced phosphorylation of p53",
      "volume": "13",
      "author": "Tibbetts",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Genes Dev"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB42",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "3989",
      "DOI": "10.1038/sj.onc.1202973",
      "article-title": "The ataxia-telangiectasia related protein ATR mediates DNA-dependent phosphorylation of p53",
      "volume": "18",
      "author": "Lakin",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Oncogene"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB43",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "11134",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.96.20.11134",
      "article-title": "Purification and DNA binding properties of the ataxia-telangiectasia gene product ATM",
      "volume": "96",
      "author": "Smith",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB44",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "25571",
      "DOI": "10.1074/jbc.274.36.25571",
      "article-title": "Recruitment of ATM protein to double strand DNA irradiated with ionizing radiation",
      "volume": "274",
      "author": "Suzuki",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "J Biol Chem"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB45",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "6707",
      "DOI": "10.1038/sj.onc.1203077",
      "article-title": "ATR is a caffeine-sensitive, DNA-activated protein kinase with a substrate specificity distinct from DNA-PK",
      "volume": "18",
      "author": "Hall-Jackson",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Oncogene"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB46",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2361",
      "DOI": "10.1091/mbc.9.9.2361",
      "article-title": "Characterization of ATM expression, localization, and associated DNA dependent protein kinase activity",
      "volume": "9",
      "author": "Gately",
      "year": "1998",
      "journal-title": "Mol Biol Cell"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB47",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "7803",
      "DOI": "10.1074/jbc.275.11.7803",
      "article-title": "Purification and characterization of ATM from human placenta \u2014 a manganese-dependent, wortmannin-sensitive serine/threonine protein kinase",
      "volume": "275",
      "author": "Chan",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "J Biol Chem"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB48",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "649",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S1097-2765(00)00063-0",
      "article-title": "Reconstitution of an ATM-dependent checkpoint that inhibits chromosomal DNA replication following DNA damage",
      "volume": "6",
      "author": "Costanzo",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Mol Cell"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB49",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "147",
      "DOI": "10.1091/mbc.5.2.147",
      "article-title": "Identification and characterization of new elements involved in checkpoint and feedback controls in fission yeast",
      "volume": "5",
      "author": "al-Khodairy",
      "year": "1994",
      "journal-title": "Mol Biol Cell"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB50",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "393",
      "DOI": "10.1038/15623",
      "article-title": "A Rad3-Rad26 complex responds to DNA damage independently of other checkpoint proteins",
      "volume": "1",
      "author": "Edwards",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Nat Cell Biol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB51",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "E177",
      "DOI": "10.1038/15614",
      "article-title": "Sensor-less checkpoint activation?",
      "volume": "1",
      "author": "Michelson",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Nat Cell Biol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB52",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "3661",
      "DOI": "10.1091/mbc.10.11.3661",
      "article-title": "Checkpoint defects leading to premature mitosis also cause endoreplication of DNA in Aspergillus nidulans",
      "volume": "10",
      "author": "De Souza",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Mol Biol Cell"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB53",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2046",
      "DOI": "10.1101/gad.14.16.2046",
      "article-title": "The checkpoint protein Ddc2, functionally related to S. pombe Rad26, interacts with Mec1 and is regulated by Mec1-dependent phosphorylation in budding yeast",
      "volume": "14",
      "author": "Paciotti",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Genes Dev"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB54",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "5801",
      "DOI": "10.1093/emboj/19.21.5801",
      "article-title": "LCD1: An essential gene involved in checkpoint control and regulation of the MEC1 signalling pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae",
      "volume": "19",
      "author": "Rouse",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "EMBO J"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB55",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "755",
      "DOI": "10.1128/MCB.21.3.755-764.2001",
      "article-title": "Pie1, a protein interacting with Mec1, controls cell growth and checkpoint responses in Saccharomyces cerevisiae",
      "volume": "21",
      "author": "Wakayama",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Mol Cell Biol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB56",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "5858",
      "DOI": "10.1074/jbc.273.10.5858",
      "article-title": "DNA double-stranded breaks induce histone H2AX phosphorylation on serine 139",
      "volume": "273",
      "author": "Rogakou",
      "year": "1998",
      "journal-title": "J Biol Chem"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB57",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1001",
      "DOI": "10.1038/35050000",
      "article-title": "A role for Saccharomyces cerevisiae histone H2A in DNA repair",
      "volume": "408",
      "author": "Downs",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Nature"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB58",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "905",
      "DOI": "10.1083/jcb.146.5.905",
      "article-title": "Megabase chromatin domains involved in DNA double-strand breaks in vivo",
      "volume": "146",
      "author": "Rogakou",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "J Cell Biol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB59",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "886",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0960-9822(00)00610-2",
      "article-title": "A critical role for histone H2AX in recruitment of repair factors to nuclear foci after DNA damage",
      "volume": "10",
      "author": "Paull",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Curr Biol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB60",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "6128",
      "DOI": "10.1128/MCB.15.11.6128",
      "article-title": "Single-stranded DNA arising at telomeres in cdc13 mutants may constitute a specific signal for the RAD9 checkpoint",
      "volume": "15",
      "author": "Garvik",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "Mol Cell Biol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB61",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "399",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81482-8",
      "article-title": "Saccharomyces Ku70, Mre11/Rad50 and RPA proteins regulate adaptation to G2/M arrest after DNA damage",
      "volume": "94",
      "author": "Lee",
      "year": "1998",
      "journal-title": "Cell"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB62",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "29",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(95)90448-4",
      "article-title": "DNA polymerase epsilon links the DNA replication machinery to the S phase checkpoint",
      "volume": "80",
      "author": "Navas",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "Cell"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB63",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "4485",
      "DOI": "10.1093/emboj/18.16.4485",
      "article-title": "Cell cycle progression in the presence of irreparable DNA damage is controlled by a Mec1- and Rad53-dependent checkpoint in budding yeast",
      "volume": "18",
      "author": "Neecke",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "EMBO J"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB64",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "927",
      "DOI": "10.1101/gad.14.8.927",
      "article-title": "BASC, a super complex of BRCA1-associated proteins: involved in the recognition and repair of aberrant DNA structures",
      "volume": "14",
      "author": "Wang",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Genes Dev"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB65",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "769",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80587-5",
      "article-title": "A sliding clamp model for the Rad1 family of cell cycle checkpoint proteins",
      "volume": "96",
      "author": "Thelen",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Cell"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5_BIB66",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "187",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0027-5107(00)00049-X",
      "article-title": "DNA damage checkpoints and DNA replication controls in Saccharomyces cerevisiae",
      "volume": "451",
      "author": "Foiani",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Mutat Res"
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "Current Opinion in Cell Biology",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0955067400002015?httpAccept=text/xml",
      "content-type": "text/xml",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "text-mining"
    },
    {
      "URL": "https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0955067400002015?httpAccept=text/plain",
      "content-type": "text/plain",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "text-mining"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2023,
        4,
        12
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2023-04-12T23:11:39Z",
    "timestamp": 1681341099000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0955067400002015"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2001,
        4
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 66,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "2",
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2001,
          4
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "alternative-id": [
    "S0955067400002015"
  ],
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00201-5",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "0955-0674"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "container-title-short": "Current Opinion in Cell Biology",
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2001,
        4
      ]
    ]
  }
}