DOI: 10.1016/s0167-2789(01)00386-4. Synchronization likelihood: an unbiased measure of generalized synchronization in multivariate data sets

Synchronization likelihood: an unbiased measure of generalized synchronization in multivariate data sets

10.1016/s0167-2789(01)00386-4

Crossref journal-article

Elsevier BV

Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena (78)

Bibliography

Stam, C. J., & van Dijk, B. W. (2002). Synchronization likelihood: an unbiased measure of generalized synchronization in multivariate data sets. Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena, 163(3â4), 236â251.

Authors 2

C.J. Stam (first)
B.W. van Dijk (additional)

References 30 Referenced 526

10.1016/S0167-2789(99)00140-2 / Physica D / A robust method for detecting interdependencies: application to intracranially recorded EEG by Arnhold (1999)
10.1016/S0006-8993(98)00102-4 / Brain Res. / Nonlinear interdependencies of EEG signals in human intracranially recorded temporal lobe seizures by Le Van Quyen (1998)
10.1016/S0167-2789(00)00190-1 / Physica D / Assessment of changing interdependencies between human electroencephalograms using non-linear methods by Pereda (2001)
10.1016/0013-4694(96)95638-2 / Electroenceph. Clin. Neurophysiol. / Use of non-linear EEG measures to characterize EEG changes during mental activity by Stam (1996)
{'key': '10.1016/S0167-2789(01)00386-4_BIB5', 'first-page': '474', 'article-title': 'Complexity and coherency: integrating information in the brain', 'volume': '2', 'author': 'Tononi', 'year': '1998', 'journal-title': 'TICS'} / TICS / Complexity and coherency: integrating information in the brain by Tononi (1998)
10.1016/S0375-9601(01)00121-9 / Phys. Lett. A / Application of a neural complexity measure to multichannel EEG by van Putten (2001)
10.1016/S1388-2457(99)00309-0 / Clin. Neurophysiol. / Magnetoencephalographic analysis of cortical activity in Alzheimer’s disease. A pilot study by Berendse (2000)
10.1016/S0167-2789(98)00258-9 / Physica D / Non-linear analyses of interictal EEG map the brain interdependences in human focal epilepsy by Le Van Quyen (1999)
10.1016/S0013-4694(97)00066-7 / Electroenceph. Clin. Neurophysiol. / EEG coherency. I. Statistics, reference electrode, volume conduction, Laplacians, cortical imaging, and interpretation at multiple scales by Nunez (1997)
10.1016/S1388-2457(98)00043-1 / Clin. Neurophysiol. / EEG coherency. II. Experimental comparisons of multiple measures by Nunez (1999)
10.1016/0013-4694(95)00228-6 / Electroenceph. Clin. Neurophysiol. / Event-related coherence as a tool for studying dynamic interaction of brain regions by Andrew (1996)
M.G. Rosenblum, J. Kurths, Analysing synchronization phenomena from bivariate data by means of the Hilbert transform, in: H. Kantz, J. Kurths, G. Mayer-Kress (Eds.), Non-linear Analysis of Physiological Data, Springer Series for Synergetics, Springer, Berlin, 1998, pp. 91–100. (10.1007/978-3-642-71949-3_6)
10.1016/S0167-2789(00)00087-7 / Physica D / Mean phase coherence as a measure for phase synchronization and its application to the EEG of epilepsy patients by Mormann (2000)
10.1143/PTP.69.32 / Prog. Theor. Phys. / Stability theory of synchronized motion in coupled-oscillator systems by Fujisaka (1983)
10.1143/PTP.70.1240 / Prog. Theor. Phys. / Stability theory of synchronized motion in coupled-oscillator systems II by Yamada (1983)
10.1143/PTP.72.885 / Prog. Theor. Phys. / Stability theory of synchronized motion in coupled-oscillator systems III by Yamada (1984)
10.1103/PhysRevLett.64.821 / Phys. Rev. Lett. / Synchronization in chaotic systems by Pecora (1990)
10.1103/PhysRevE.51.980 / Phys. Rev. E / Generalized synchronization of chaos in directionally coupled chaotic systems by Rulkov (1995)
10.1103/PhysRevE.54.6708 / Phys. Rev. E / Detecting dynamical interdependence and generalized synchrony through mutual prediction in a neural ensemble by Schiff (1996)
10.1103/PhysRevE.61.5142 / Phys. Rev. E / Learning driver–response relationships from synchronization patterns by Quian Quiroga (2000)
10.1103/PhysRevE.62.7508 / Phys. Rev. E / Measuring statistical dependence and coupling of subsystems by Schmitz (2000)
K. Pawelzik, Nichtlineare Dynamik und Hirnaktivität, Charakterisierung nichtlinearer experimenteller Systeme durch instabile periodische Orbits, Vorhersagen und Informationsflüsse, Verlag Harri Deutsch, Thun, 1991.
10.1016/0167-2789(94)90237-2 / Physica D / Mutual information and global strange attractors in Taylor–Couette flow by Buzug (1994)
10.1007/BFb0091924 / Lecture Notes Math. / Detecting strange attractors in turbulence by Takens (1981)
10.1103/PhysRevA.34.2427 / Phys. Rev. A / Spurious dimension from correlation algorithms applied to limited time-series data by Theiler (1986)
10.1103/PhysRevLett.73.951 / Phys. Rev. Lett. / Generating surrogate data for time series with several simultaneously measured variables by Prichard (1994)
10.1016/0375-9601(95)00335-Z / Phys. Lett. A / Investigation of non-linear structure in multichannel EEG by Rombouts (1995)
10.1016/S0140-6736(00)03591-1 / Lancet / Anticipation of epileptic seizures from standard EEG recordings by Le Van Quyen (2001)
10.1016/0167-2789(92)90102-S / Physica D / Testing for no linearity in time series: the method of surrogate data by Theiler (1992)
10.1007/BF02691327 / Integrative Physiol. Behav. Sci. / The point correlation dimension: performance with nonstationary surrogate data and noise by Skinner (1994)

Dates

Type	When
Created	23 years, 1 month ago (July 25, 2002, 1:03 a.m.)
Deposited	6 years, 4 months ago (May 4, 2019, 7:57 a.m.)
Indexed	5 days, 11 hours ago (Aug. 31, 2025, 7:12 p.m.)
Issued	23 years, 6 months ago (March 1, 2002)
Published	23 years, 6 months ago (March 1, 2002)
Published Print	23 years, 6 months ago (March 1, 2002)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Stam_2002, title={Synchronization likelihood: an unbiased measure of generalized synchronization in multivariate data sets}, volume={163}, ISSN={0167-2789}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2789(01)00386-4}, DOI={10.1016/s0167-2789(01)00386-4}, number={3–4}, journal={Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Stam, C.J. and van Dijk, B.W.}, year={2002}, month=mar, pages={236–251} }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2025,
        8,
        31
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2025-08-31T23:12:21Z",
    "timestamp": 1756681941032
  },
  "reference-count": 30,
  "publisher": "Elsevier BV",
  "issue": "3-4",
  "license": [
    {
      "start": {
        "date-parts": [
          [
            2002,
            3,
            1
          ]
        ],
        "date-time": "2002-03-01T00:00:00Z",
        "timestamp": 1014940800000
      },
      "content-version": "tdm",
      "delay-in-days": 0,
      "URL": "https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/"
    }
  ],
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [],
    "crossmark-restriction": false
  },
  "published-print": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2002,
        3
      ]
    ]
  },
  "DOI": "10.1016/s0167-2789(01)00386-4",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2002,
        7,
        25
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2002-07-25T05:03:34Z",
    "timestamp": 1027573414000
  },
  "page": "236-251",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 526,
  "title": "Synchronization likelihood: an unbiased measure of generalized synchronization in multivariate data sets",
  "prefix": "10.1016",
  "volume": "163",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "C.J.",
      "family": "Stam",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "B.W.",
      "family": "van Dijk",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    }
  ],
  "member": "78",
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0167-2789(01)00386-4_BIB1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "419",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0167-2789(99)00140-2",
      "article-title": "A robust method for detecting interdependencies: application to intracranially recorded EEG",
      "volume": "134",
      "author": "Arnhold",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Physica D"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0167-2789(01)00386-4_BIB2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "24",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0006-8993(98)00102-4",
      "article-title": "Nonlinear interdependencies of EEG signals in human intracranially recorded temporal lobe seizures",
      "volume": "792",
      "author": "Le Van Quyen",
      "year": "1998",
      "journal-title": "Brain Res."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0167-2789(01)00386-4_BIB3",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "147",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0167-2789(00)00190-1",
      "article-title": "Assessment of changing interdependencies between human electroencephalograms using non-linear methods",
      "volume": "148",
      "author": "Pereda",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Physica D"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0167-2789(01)00386-4_BIB4",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "214",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0013-4694(96)95638-2",
      "article-title": "Use of non-linear EEG measures to characterize EEG changes during mental activity",
      "volume": "99",
      "author": "Stam",
      "year": "1996",
      "journal-title": "Electroenceph. Clin. Neurophysiol."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0167-2789(01)00386-4_BIB5",
      "first-page": "474",
      "article-title": "Complexity and coherency: integrating information in the brain",
      "volume": "2",
      "author": "Tononi",
      "year": "1998",
      "journal-title": "TICS"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0167-2789(01)00386-4_BIB6",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "131",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0375-9601(01)00121-9",
      "article-title": "Application of a neural complexity measure to multichannel EEG",
      "volume": "281",
      "author": "van Putten",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Lett. A"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0167-2789(01)00386-4_BIB7",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "604",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S1388-2457(99)00309-0",
      "article-title": "Magnetoencephalographic analysis of cortical activity in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. A pilot study",
      "volume": "111",
      "author": "Berendse",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Clin. Neurophysiol."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0167-2789(01)00386-4_BIB8",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "250",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0167-2789(98)00258-9",
      "article-title": "Non-linear analyses of interictal EEG map the brain interdependences in human focal epilepsy",
      "volume": "127",
      "author": "Le Van Quyen",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Physica D"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0167-2789(01)00386-4_BIB9",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "499",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0013-4694(97)00066-7",
      "article-title": "EEG coherency. I. Statistics, reference electrode, volume conduction, Laplacians, cortical imaging, and interpretation at multiple scales",
      "volume": "103",
      "author": "Nunez",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "Electroenceph. Clin. Neurophysiol."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0167-2789(01)00386-4_BIB10",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "469",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S1388-2457(98)00043-1",
      "article-title": "EEG coherency. II. Experimental comparisons of multiple measures",
      "volume": "110",
      "author": "Nunez",
      "year": "1999",
      "journal-title": "Clin. Neurophysiol."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0167-2789(01)00386-4_BIB11",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "144",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0013-4694(95)00228-6",
      "article-title": "Event-related coherence as a tool for studying dynamic interaction of brain regions",
      "volume": "98",
      "author": "Andrew",
      "year": "1996",
      "journal-title": "Electroenceph. Clin. Neurophysiol."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0167-2789(01)00386-4_BIB12",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "unstructured": "M.G. Rosenblum, J. Kurths, Analysing synchronization phenomena from bivariate data by means of the Hilbert transform, in: H. Kantz, J. Kurths, G. Mayer-Kress (Eds.), Non-linear Analysis of Physiological Data, Springer Series for Synergetics, Springer, Berlin, 1998, pp. 91\u2013100.",
      "DOI": "10.1007/978-3-642-71949-3_6"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0167-2789(01)00386-4_BIB13",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "358",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0167-2789(00)00087-7",
      "article-title": "Mean phase coherence as a measure for phase synchronization and its application to the EEG of epilepsy patients",
      "volume": "144",
      "author": "Mormann",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Physica D"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0167-2789(01)00386-4_BIB14",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "32",
      "DOI": "10.1143/PTP.69.32",
      "article-title": "Stability theory of synchronized motion in coupled-oscillator systems",
      "volume": "69",
      "author": "Fujisaka",
      "year": "1983",
      "journal-title": "Prog. Theor. Phys."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0167-2789(01)00386-4_BIB15",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1240",
      "DOI": "10.1143/PTP.70.1240",
      "article-title": "Stability theory of synchronized motion in coupled-oscillator systems II",
      "volume": "70",
      "author": "Yamada",
      "year": "1983",
      "journal-title": "Prog. Theor. Phys."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0167-2789(01)00386-4_BIB16",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "885",
      "DOI": "10.1143/PTP.72.885",
      "article-title": "Stability theory of synchronized motion in coupled-oscillator systems III",
      "volume": "72",
      "author": "Yamada",
      "year": "1984",
      "journal-title": "Prog. Theor. Phys."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0167-2789(01)00386-4_BIB17",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "821",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.64.821",
      "article-title": "Synchronization in chaotic systems",
      "volume": "64",
      "author": "Pecora",
      "year": "1990",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Rev. Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0167-2789(01)00386-4_BIB18",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "980",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevE.51.980",
      "article-title": "Generalized synchronization of chaos in directionally coupled chaotic systems",
      "volume": "51",
      "author": "Rulkov",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Rev. E"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0167-2789(01)00386-4_BIB19",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "6708",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevE.54.6708",
      "article-title": "Detecting dynamical interdependence and generalized synchrony through mutual prediction in a neural ensemble",
      "volume": "54",
      "author": "Schiff",
      "year": "1996",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Rev. E"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0167-2789(01)00386-4_BIB20",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "5142",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevE.61.5142",
      "article-title": "Learning driver\u2013response relationships from synchronization patterns",
      "volume": "61",
      "author": "Quian Quiroga",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Rev. E"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0167-2789(01)00386-4_BIB21",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "7508",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevE.62.7508",
      "article-title": "Measuring statistical dependence and coupling of subsystems",
      "volume": "62",
      "author": "Schmitz",
      "year": "2000",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Rev. E"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0167-2789(01)00386-4_BIB22",
      "unstructured": "K. Pawelzik, Nichtlineare Dynamik und Hirnaktivit\u00e4t, Charakterisierung nichtlinearer experimenteller Systeme durch instabile periodische Orbits, Vorhersagen und Informationsfl\u00fcsse, Verlag Harri Deutsch, Thun, 1991."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0167-2789(01)00386-4_BIB23",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "343",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0167-2789(94)90237-2",
      "article-title": "Mutual information and global strange attractors in Taylor\u2013Couette flow",
      "volume": "72",
      "author": "Buzug",
      "year": "1994",
      "journal-title": "Physica D"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0167-2789(01)00386-4_BIB24",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "366",
      "DOI": "10.1007/BFb0091924",
      "article-title": "Detecting strange attractors in turbulence",
      "volume": "898",
      "author": "Takens",
      "year": "1981",
      "journal-title": "Lecture Notes Math."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0167-2789(01)00386-4_BIB25",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2427",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevA.34.2427",
      "article-title": "Spurious dimension from correlation algorithms applied to limited time-series data",
      "volume": "34",
      "author": "Theiler",
      "year": "1986",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Rev. A"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0167-2789(01)00386-4_BIB26",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "951",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.73.951",
      "article-title": "Generating surrogate data for time series with several simultaneously measured variables",
      "volume": "73",
      "author": "Prichard",
      "year": "1994",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Rev. Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0167-2789(01)00386-4_BIB27",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "352",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0375-9601(95)00335-Z",
      "article-title": "Investigation of non-linear structure in multichannel EEG",
      "volume": "202",
      "author": "Rombouts",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Lett. A"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0167-2789(01)00386-4_BIB28",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "183",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0140-6736(00)03591-1",
      "article-title": "Anticipation of epileptic seizures from standard EEG recordings",
      "volume": "357",
      "author": "Le Van Quyen",
      "year": "2001",
      "journal-title": "Lancet"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0167-2789(01)00386-4_BIB29",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "77",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0167-2789(92)90102-S",
      "article-title": "Testing for no linearity in time series: the method of surrogate data",
      "volume": "58",
      "author": "Theiler",
      "year": "1992",
      "journal-title": "Physica D"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0167-2789(01)00386-4_BIB30",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "217",
      "DOI": "10.1007/BF02691327",
      "article-title": "The point correlation dimension: performance with nonstationary surrogate data and noise",
      "volume": "29",
      "author": "Skinner",
      "year": "1994",
      "journal-title": "Integrative Physiol. Behav. Sci."
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0167278901003864?httpAccept=text/xml",
      "content-type": "text/xml",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "text-mining"
    },
    {
      "URL": "https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0167278901003864?httpAccept=text/plain",
      "content-type": "text/plain",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "text-mining"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2019,
        5,
        4
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2019-05-04T11:57:56Z",
    "timestamp": 1556971076000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0167278901003864"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2002,
        3
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 30,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "3-4",
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2002,
          3
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "alternative-id": [
    "S0167278901003864"
  ],
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2789(01)00386-4",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "0167-2789"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "container-title-short": "Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena",
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2002,
        3
      ]
    ]
  }
}