DOI: 10.1016/s0163-7258(97)00165-4. Molecular Mechanisms of Interferon Resistance Mediated by Viral-Directed Inhibition of PKR, the Interferon-Induced Protein Kinase

Molecular Mechanisms of Interferon Resistance Mediated by Viral-Directed Inhibition of PKR, the Interferon-Induced Protein Kinase

10.1016/s0163-7258(97)00165-4

Crossref journal-article

Elsevier BV

Pharmacology & Therapeutics (78)

Bibliography

Gale, M., & Katze, M. G. (1998). Molecular Mechanisms of Interferon Resistance Mediated by Viral-Directed Inhibition of PKR, the Interferon-Induced Protein Kinase. Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 78(1), 29â46.

Authors 2

Michael Gale (first)
Michael G Katze (additional)

References 211 Referenced 328

10.1016/0042-6822(90)90478-A / Virology / Expression of cellular genes in CD4-positive lymphoid cells infected by the human immunodeficiency virus, HIV-1 by Agy (1990)
10.1006/viro.1995.0047 / Virology / Interferon treatment inhibits virus replication in HIV-1– and SIV-infected CD4+ T-cells by distinct mechanisms by Agy (1995)
10.1016/S0021-9258(18)81803-8 / J. Biol. Chem. / Specific kinase inhibitory factor of vaccinia virus prevents translational inhibition in rabbit reticulocytes by Akkaraju (1989)
10.1016/0042-6822(91)90893-G / Virology / Early events in Epstein-Barr virus infection of human B lymphocytes by Alfieri (1991)
10.1101/gad.6.2.255 / Genes Dev. / Nucleocytoplasmic transport by Alonso-Caplen (1992)
10.1055/s-2007-1007259 / Semin. Liver Dis. / Epidemiology of hepatitis C in the west by Alter (1995)
10.1093/nar/21.20.4830 / Nucl. Acids Res. / The mouse antiphosphotyrosine immunoreactive kinase, TIK, is indistinguishable from the double-stranded RNA-dependent, interferon-induced protein kinase, PKR by Baier (1993)
10.1021/bi00106a038 / Biochemistry / Functional expression and characterization of the interferon-induced double-stranded RNA activated P68 protein kinase from Escherichia coli by Barber (1991)
10.1073/pnas.90.10.4621 / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA / Translational regulation by the interferon-induced dsRNA activated 68,000 Mr protein kinase by Barber (1993)
Barber, G. N., Agy, M. B. and Katze, M. G. (1994) Regulation of viral and cellular gene expression in cells infected by animal viruses, including influenza virus and human immunodeficiency virus type 1. In: Methods in Virology, pp. 141–168. Adolph, K. (ed.) Academic Press, Inc., Orlando.
10.1128/MCB.15.6.3138 / Mol. Cell. Biol. / Mutants of the RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) lacking double-stranded RNA binding domain I can act as transdominant inhibitors and induce malignant transformation by Barber (1995)
10.1016/0042-6822(91)90158-8 / Virology / Vaccinia virus-encoded eIF-2 alpha homolog abrogates the antiviral effect of interferon by Beattie (1991)
10.1128/JVI.69.1.499-505.1995 / J. Virol. / Reversal of the interferon-sensitive phenotype of a vaccinia virus lacking E3L by expression of the reovirus S4 gene by Beattie (1995)
10.1006/viro.1995.1342 / Virology / Distinct patterns of IFN sensitivity observed in cells infected with vaccinia K3L− and E3L− mutant viruses by Beattie (1995)
10.1007/BF00370005 / Virus Genes / Host-range restriction of vaccinia virus E3L-specific deletion mutants by Beattie (1996)
10.1093/emboj/16.3.611 / EMBO J. / Oncogenic potential of TAR RNA binding protein TRBP and its regulatory interaction with RNA-dependent protein kinase PKR by Benkirane (1997)
10.1016/S0021-9258(17)39171-8 / J. Biol. Chem. / Mechanism of interferon action by Berry (1985)
10.1073/pnas.80.15.4789 / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA / Two small RNAs encoded by Epstein-Barr virus can functionally substitute for the virus-associated RNAs in the lytic growth of adenovirus 5 by Bhat (1983)
10.1128/JVI.56.3.750-756.1985 / J. Virol. / Construction and analysis of additional adenovirus substitution mutants confirm the complementation of VAI RNA function by two small RNAs encoded by Epstein-Barr virus by Bhat (1985)
10.1111/j.1432-1033.1989.tb14588.x / Eur. J. Biochem. / Characterization of two murine (2′-5′)(A)n-dependent endonucleases of different molecular mass by Bisbal (1989)
10.1128/JVI.63.5.2244-2251.1989 / J. Virol. / The cellular 68,000 Mr protein kinase is highly autophosphorylated and activated yet significantly degraded during poliovirus infection by Black (1989)
10.1128/JVI.67.2.791-800.1993 / J. Virol. / Degradation of the interferon induced 68,000 Mr protein kinase by poliovirus requires RNA by Black (1993)
10.1074/jbc.272.13.8388 / J. Biol. Chem. / The Tat protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is a substrate and inhibitor of the interferon-induced, virally activated protein kinase, PKR by Brand (1997)
10.1074/jbc.272.14.9510 / J. Biol. Chem. / Characterization of the solution structure between the interferon-induced double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase and HIV-1 transactivating region RNA by Carpick (1997)
10.1016/S0021-9258(18)31463-7 / J. Biol. Chem. / Recombinant vaccinia virus K3L gene product prevents activation of dsRNA dependent eIF 2 kinase by Carroll (1993)
10.1006/viro.1993.1292 / Virology / Identification of a conserved motif that is necessary for binding of the vaccinia virus E3L gene products to double-stranded RNA by Chang (1993)
10.1073/pnas.89.11.4825 / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA / The E3L gene of vaccinia virus encodes an inhibitor of the interferon induced, dsRNA dependent protein kinase by Chang (1992)
10.1126/science.274.5287.610 / Science / Accessing genetic information with high-density DNA arrays by Chee (1996)
10.1016/S0968-0004(00)88975-6 / Trends Biochem. Sci. / Regulation of protein synthesis by heme-regulated eIF-2α kinase by Chen (1995)
10.1073/pnas.88.17.7729 / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA / Cloning of the cDNA of the heme-regulated eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF-2α) kinase of rabbit reticulocytes by Chen (1991)
10.1002/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05200.x / EMBO J. / Human P68 kinase exhibits growth suppression in yeast and homology to the translational regulator GCN2 by Chong (1992)
10.1073/pnas.89.8.3266 / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA / The γ34.5 gene of herpes simplex virus 1 precludes neuroblastoma cells from triggering total shutoff of protein synthesis characteristic of programmed cell death in neuronal cells by Chou (1992)
10.1111/j.1432-1033.1990.tb19381.x / Eur. J. Biochem. / Translation control by the Epstein-Barr virus small RNA EBER-1 by Clarke (1990)
10.1093/nar/19.2.243 / Nucl. Acids Res. / Binding of Epstein-Barr virus small RNA EBER-1 to the double-stranded RNA-induced inhibitor of protein synthesis in reticulocyte lysates by Clarke (1991)
10.1007/BF00996215 / Mol. Biol. Rep. / The small RNAs of Epstein-Barr virus by Clemens (1993)
Clemens, M. J. (1996) Protein kinases that phosphorylate eIF-2 and eIF-2B, and their role in eukaryotic cell translational control. In: Translational Control, pp. 139–172. Hershey, J., Mathews, M. B. and Sonenberg, N. (eds.) Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor.
Clemens, M. J. and Elia, A. (1997) The double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase PKR—structure and function. J. Interferon Cytokine Res., in press. (10.1089/jir.1997.17.503)
10.1089/jir.1993.13.241 / J. Interferon Res. / PKR by Clemens (1993)
10.1016/0300-9084(94)90081-7 / Biochimie / Regulation of the interferon-inducible eIF-2 alpha protein kinase by small RNAs by Clemens (1994)
10.1016/S0021-9258(17)31623-X / J. Biol. Chem. / Specific inhibition of viral protein synthesis in HIV-infected cells in response to interferon treatment by Coccia (1994)
10.1038/222940a0 / Nature / Double-stranded RNA in vaccinia virus infected cells by Colby (1969)
10.1073/pnas.92.21.9445 / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA / Double-stranded-RNA-dependent protein kinase and TAR RNA-binding protein form homo- and heterodimers in vivo by Cosentino (1995)
10.1074/jbc.271.40.24526 / J. Biol. Chem. / The kinase insert domain of interferon-induced protein kinase PKR is required for activity but not for interaction with the pseudosubstrate K3L by Craig (1996)
10.1128/MR.57.2.402-414.1993 / Microbiol. Rev. / Heat shock proteins by Craig (1993)
10.1139/o93-012 / Biochem. Cell Biol. / Protein synthesis in different cell lines infected with orthoreovirus serotype 3 by Danis (1993)
10.1128/JVI.66.4.1943-1950.1992 / J. Virol. / The vaccinia virus K3L gene product potentiates translation by inhibiting double-stranded-RNA-activated protein kinase and phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 by Davies (1992)
10.1128/JVI.67.3.1688-1692.1993 / J. Virol. / The E3L and K3L vaccinia virus gene products stimulate translation through inhibition of the double-stranded RNA dependent protein kinase by different mechanisms by Davies (1993)
10.1073/pnas.93.1.508 / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA / In vitro activation of the interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase PKR by RNA from the 3’ untranslated regions of human alpha-tropomyosin by Davis (1996)
10.1006/viro.1994.1523 / Virology / Site-directed mutagenic analysis of reovirus σ3 protein binding to dsRNA by Denzler (1994)
10.1073/pnas.94.7.3279 / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA / A double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase-dependent pathway mediating stress-induced apoptosis by Der (1997)
10.1016/0092-8674(92)90193-G / Cell / Phosphorylation of initiation factor 2 alpha by protein kinase GCN2 mediates gene specific translational control of GCN4 in yeast by Dever (1992)
10.1073/pnas.90.10.4616 / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA / Mammalian eukaryotic initiation factor elF2α kinases functionally substitute for GCN2 protein kinase in the GCN4 translational control mechanism in yeast by Dever (1994)
10.1093/jac/34.3.307 / J. Antimicrob. Chemother. / Successors to acyclovir by Easterbrook (1994)
10.1016/0092-8674(89)90904-5 / Cell / Activation of double-stranded RNA-dependent kinase (dsI) by the TAR region of HIV-1 mRNA by Edery (1989)
10.1093/nar/24.22.4471 / Nucl. Acids Res. / Regulation of the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase PKR by RNAs encoded by a repeated sequence in the Epstein-Barr virus genome by Elia (1996)
10.1128/JVI.71.7.5375-5381.1997 / J. Virol. / High level of transgene expression in cell cultures and in the mouse by replication-incompetent adenoviruses harboring VAI genes by Eloit (1997)
10.1172/JCI118025 / J. Clin. Invest. / Comparison of full-length sequences of interferon-sensitive and resistant hepatitis C virus 1b by Enomoto (1995)
10.1056/NEJM199601113340203 / N. Engl. J. Med. / Mutations in the nonstructural protein 5A gene and response to interferon in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus 1b infection by Enomoto (1996)
10.1073/pnas.89.12.5447 / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA / Identification of dsRNA binding domains in the interferon-induced dsRNA-activated P68 kinase by Feng (1992)
10.1089/aid.1992.8.199 / AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses / Interferons in the persistence, pathogenesis, and treatment of HIV infection by Francis (1992)
10.1055/s-2007-1007265 / Semin. Liver Dis. / Therapy of hepatitis C by Fried (1995)
10.1111/j.1432-1033.1989.tb14485.x / Eur. J. Biochem. / The binding of double-stranded RNA and adenovirus VAI RNA to the interferon-induced protein kinase by Galabru (1989)
10.1128/MCB.16.8.4172 / Mol. Cell. Biol. / Interaction of the interferon-induced PKR protein kinase with inhibitory proteins P58IPK and vaccinia virus K3L is mediated by unique domains by Gale (1996)
10.1006/viro.1997.8493 / Virology / Evidence that hepatitis C virus resistance to interferon is mediated through repression of the PKR protein kinase by the nonstructural 5A protein by Gale (1997)
10.1128/MCB.18.2.859 / Mol. Cell. Biol. / Regulation of interferon-induced protein kinase PKR by Gale (1998)
10.1126/science.2011739 / Science / Characterization of a human TAR RNA-binding protein that activates the HIV-1 LTR by Gatignol (1991)
10.1128/MCB.13.4.2193 / Mol. Cell. Biol. / Relatedness of an RNA-binding motif in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 TAR RNA-binding protein TRBP to human P1/dsI kinase and Drosophila staufen by Gatignol (1993)
10.1073/pnas.88.16.7140 / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA / Binding of the adenovirus VAI RNA to the interferon-induced 68-kDa protein kinase correlates with function by Ghadge (1991)
10.1128/JVI.63.6.2415-2421.1989 / J. Virol. / Stimulation of chloramphenicol acetyl transferase mRNA translation by reovirus capsid polypeptide sigma 3 in cotransfected Cos cells by Giantini (1989)
10.1016/0042-6822(90)90294-2 / Virology / The complete sequence of vaccinia virus by Goebel (1990)
10.1016/0968-0004(91)90070-C / Trends Biochem. Sci. / The TPR snap helix by Goebl (1991)
10.1101/gad.6.12b.2478 / Genes Dev. / Two RNA binding motifs in the double-stranded RNA activated protein kinase, DAI by Green (1992)
10.1073/pnas.87.22.8687 / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA / Tat-responsive region RNA of human immunodeficiency virus 1 can prevent activation of the double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase by Gunnery (1990)
10.1126/science.3291115 / Science / The protein kinase family by Hanks (1988)
10.1099/0022-1317-73-12-3325 / J. Gen. Virol. / Binding of influenza A virus NS1 protein to dsRNA in vitro by Hatada (1992)
10.1128/JVI.71.8.6049-6054.1997 / J. Virol. / Suppression of the phenotype of γ134.5− herpes simplex virus 1 by He (1997)
10.1073/pnas.94.3.843 / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA / The γ4.5 protein of herpes simplex virus 1 complexes with protein phosphatase 1α to dephosphorylate the α subunit of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 and preclude the shutoff of protein synthesis by double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase by He (1997)
10.1128/MCB.9.6.2615 / Mol. Cell. Biol. / Sequence and regulation of a gene encoding a human 89 kilodalton heat shock protein by Hickey (1989)
10.1006/scel.1994.1049 / Semin. Cell Biol. / The eIF-2α kinases by Hinnebusch (1994)
10.1128/JVI.70.4.2611-2614.1996 / J. Virol. / Mutational analysis of the vaccinia virus E3 protein defines amino acid residues involved in E3 binding to double-stranded RNA by Ho (1996)
10.1006/viro.1996.0114 / Virology / Physical and functional characterization of the double-stranded RNA binding protein encoded by the vaccinia virus E3 gene by Ho (1996)
{'key': '10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB82', 'first-page': '241', 'article-title': 'Therapy of acute and chronic viral hepatitis', 'volume': '39', 'author': 'Hoofnagle', 'year': '1994', 'journal-title': 'Adv. Intern. Med.'} / Adv. Intern. Med. / Therapy of acute and chronic viral hepatitis by Hoofnagle (1994)
10.1016/0042-6822(76)90282-8 / Virology / Reovirus-coded polypeptides in infected cells by Huismans (1976)
10.1016/S0021-9258(18)98517-0 / J. Biol. Chem. / TIK, a novel serine/threonine kinase, is recognized by antibodies directed against phosphotyrosine by Icely (1991)
10.1159/000150362 / Intervirology / Current state of interferon therapy for chronic hepatitis C by Iino (1994)
10.1073/pnas.85.21.7887 / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA / Inhibitory activity for the interferon-induced protein kinase is associated with the reovirus serotype 1 sigma 3 protein by Imani (1988)
10.1128/JVI.65.9.5102-5104.1991 / J. Virol. / The Lang strain of reovirus serotype 1 and the Dearing strain of reovirus serotype 3 differ in their sensitivities to beta interferon by Jacobs (1991)
10.3109/07357909509094468 / Cancer Invest. / The interferon system by Jaramillo (1995)
10.1242/jcs.106.1.11 / J. Cell Sci. / Organization of the double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase DAI and virus-associated VA RNAI in adenovirus-2–infected HeLa cells by Jiménez-Garcia (1993)
10.1073/pnas.89.22.10979 / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA / A conserved double-stranded RNA-binding domain by Johnston (1992)
10.1006/smvy.1993.1022 / Semin. Virol. / Games viruses play by Katze (1993)
10.1016/S0966-842X(00)88880-0 / Trends Microbiol. / Regulation of the interferon-induced PKR by Katze (1995)
Katze, M. G. (1996) Translational control in cells infected with influenza virus and reovirus. In: Translational Control, pp. 607–630, Hershey, J. W. B., Mathews, M. B. and Sonenberg, N. (eds.) Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor.
10.1159/000468769 / Enzyme / The regulation of viral and cellular RNA turnover in cells infected by eukaryotic viruses including human immunodeficiency virus, HIV-1 by Katze (1990)
10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb04809.x / EMBO J. / Adenovirus VAI RNA complexes with the 68,000 Mr protein kinase to regulate its autophosphorylation and activity by Katze (1987)
10.1128/JVI.62.10.3710-3717.1988 / J. Virol. / Influenza virus regulates protein synthesis during infection by repressing the autophosphorylation and activity of the cellular 68,000 Mr protein kinase by Katze (1988)
10.1128/MCB.11.11.5497 / Mol. Cell. Biol. / Functional expression of interferon-induced, dsRNA activated 68,000 Mr protein kinase in a cell-free system by Katze (1991)
10.1128/MCB.9.3.946 / Mol. Cell. Biol. / The phosphorylation state of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alters translational efficiency of specific mRNAs by Kaufman (1989)
10.1126/science.8009222 / Science / Involvement of the IRF-1 transcription factor in antiviral responses to interferons by Kimura (1994)
{'key': '10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB100', 'first-page': '439', 'article-title': 'IRF-1 induced cell growth inhibition and interferon induction requires the activity of the protein kinase PKR', 'volume': '11', 'author': 'Kirchhoff', 'year': '1995', 'journal-title': 'Oncogene'} / Oncogene / IRF-1 induced cell growth inhibition and interferon induction requires the activity of the protein kinase PKR by Kirchhoff (1995)
10.1016/0092-8674(86)90383-1 / Cell / Adenovirus VAI RNA antagonizes the antiviral action of the interferon-induced eIF-2 alpha kinase by Kitajewski (1986)
10.1128/MCB.17.7.4146 / Mol. Cell. Biol. / Regulation of the protein kinase PKR by the vaccinia virus pseudosubstrate inhibitor K3L is dependent on residues conserved between the K3L protein and the PKR substrate eIF-2α by Kobayashi (1997)
10.1126/science.277.5325.570 / Science / Transmission of hepatitis C by intrahepatic inoculation with transcribed RNA by Kolykhalov (1997)
10.1074/jbc.270.43.25426 / J. Biol. Chem. / The interferon-inducible protein kinase PKR modulates the transcriptional activation of immunoglobulin kappa gene by Koromilas (1995)
10.1016/0378-1119(95)00883-7 / Gene / Cloning, expression, and cellular localization of the oncogenic 58-kDa inhibitor of the RNA-activated human and mouse protein kinase by Korth (1996)
10.1128/JVI.56.1.201-206.1985 / J. Virol. / Inhibition of influenza viral messenger RNA synthesis in cells expressing the interferon-induced Mx gene product by Krug (1985)
Krug, R. M., Alonso-Caplen, F., Julkunen, I. and Katze, M. G. (1989) Expression and replication of the influenza virus genome. In: Influenza Viruses, 77th edn., pp. 89–152, Krug, R. M. (ed.) Plenum Publishing Co., New York. (10.1007/978-1-4613-0811-9_2)
10.1073/pnas.91.14.6288 / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA / Double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase activates transcription factor NF-κB by phosphorylating IκB by Kumar (1994)
10.1093/emboj/16.2.406 / EMBO J. / Deficient cytokine signaling in mouse embryo fibroblasts with a targeted deletion in the PKR gene by Kumar (1997)
10.1016/S0968-0004(00)89037-4 / Trends Biochem. Sci. / Tetratricopeptide repeat interactions by Lamb (1995)
10.1016/0168-9525(91)90326-L / Trends Genet. / Diversity of coding strategies in influenza viruses by Lamb (1991)
10.1016/S0021-9258(19)50079-5 / J. Biol. Chem. / Cytosolic double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase is likely a dimer of partially phosphorylated Mr=66,000 dalton subunits by Langland (1992)
10.1089/aid.1990.6.1149 / AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses / Immunology of HIV infection, I by Laurence (1990)
10.1006/viro.1994.1151 / Virology / The interferon-induced double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase induces apoptosis by Lee (1994)
10.1006/viro.1997.8494 / Virology / The apoptosis pathway triggered by the interferon-induced protein kinase PKR requires the third basic domain, initiates upstream from Bcl-2, and involves ICE-like proteases by Lee (1997)
10.1007/978-3-642-78549-8_4 / Prog. Mol. Subcell. Biol. / Cellular inhibitors of the interferon-induced, dsRNA-activated protein kinase by Lee (1993)
10.1073/pnas.87.16.6208 / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA / Purification and partial characterization of a cellular inhibitor of the interferon-induced 68,000 Mr protein kinase from influenza virus-infected cells by Lee (1990)
10.1016/S0021-9258(19)49703-2 / J. Biol. Chem. / Characterization and regulation of the 58,000-dalton cellular inhibitor of the interferon-induced, dsRNA-activated protein kinase by Lee (1992)
10.1128/MCB.14.4.2331 / Mol. Cell. Biol. / The 58,000-dalton cellular inhibitor of the interferon-induced double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR) is a member of the tetratricopeptide repeat family of proteins by Lee (1994)
10.1016/0168-1702(86)90045-6 / Virus Res. / Expression of the cloned S4 gene of reovirus serotype 3 in transformed eucaryotic cells by Lemay (1986)
10.1128/JVI.61.8.2472-2479.1987 / J. Virol. / The viral protein sigma 3 participates in translation of late viral mRNA in reovirus-infected L cells by Lemieux (1987)
10.1016/0092-8674(89)90966-5 / Cell / The involvement of NF-κB in β-interferon gene regulation reveals its role as a widely inducible mediator of signal transduction by Lenardo (1989)
10.1111/j.1432-1033.1991.tb15673.x / Eur. J. Biochem. / Activation of the double-stranded RNA-dependent eIF-2α kinase by cellular RNA from 3T3-F442A cells by Li (1991)
10.1128/JVI.66.12.6878-6884.1992 / J. Virol. / Translational stimulation by reovirus polypeptide 3 by Lloyd (1992)
10.1038/nbt1296-1675 / Nature Biotech. / Expression monitoring by hybridization to high-density oligonucleotide arrays by Lockhart (1996)
10.1006/viro.1995.9937 / Virology / Binding of the influenza virus NS1 protein to double-stranded RNA inhibits the activation of the protein kinase that phosphorylates the eIF-2 translation initiation factor by Lu (1995)
{'key': '10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB127', 'first-page': '937', 'article-title': 'Secondary and tertiary structure in the central domain of adenovirus type 2 VAI RNA', 'volume': '2', 'author': 'Ma', 'year': '1996', 'journal-title': 'RNA'} / RNA / Secondary and tertiary structure in the central domain of adenovirus type 2 VAI RNA by Ma (1996)
10.1006/viro.1994.1601 / Virology / HIV-1 TAR RNA has an intrinsic ability to activate interferon-inducible enzymes by Maitra (1994)
10.1128/MCB.12.11.5238 / Mol. Cell. Biol. / Interactions between dsRNA regulators and the protein kinase, DAI by Manche (1992)
10.1016/0042-6822(88)90625-3 / Virology / Characterization of the dsRNA implicated in the inhibition of protein synthesis in cells infected with a mutant adenovirus defective for VA RNA 1 by Maran (1988)
10.1126/science.7914032 / Science / Blockage of NF-κB signaling by selective ablation of an mRNA target by 2-5A antisense chimeras by Maran (1994)
10.1006/smvy.1993.1021 / Semin. Virol. / Viral evasion of cellular defense mechanisms by Mathews (1993)
10.1006/smvy.1993.1021 / Semin. Virol. / Viral evasion of cellular defense mechanisms by Mathews (1995)
Mathews, M. B. (1996) Interactions between viruses and the cellular machinery for protein synthesis. In: Translational Control, pp. 505–548, Hershey, J., Mathews, M. B. and Sonenberg, N. (eds.) Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor.
10.1159/000468763 / Enzyme / Control of translation in adenovirus-infected cells by Mathews (1990)
10.1128/JVI.65.11.5657-5662.1991 / J. Virol. / Adenovirus virus-associated RNA and translation control by Mathews (1991)
10.1016/S0042-6822(95)80067-0 / Virology / Mechanism of interferon action by McCormack (1995)
10.1016/0042-6822(78)90199-X / Virology / The nature of the polypeptide encoded by each of the 10 double-stranded RNA segments of reovirus type 3 by McCrae (1978)
10.1006/viro.1995.0014 / Virology / HIV-1 Tat directly interacts with the interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-dependent kinase, PKR by McMillan (1995)
10.1016/0092-8674(90)90194-J / Cell / Interaction of adenovirus VA RNA1 with the protein kinase DAI by Mellits (1990)
10.1073/pnas.94.1.97 / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA / The molecular chaperone, hsp40, regulates the activity of P58IPK, the cellular inhibitor of PKR by Melville (1997)
Merrick, W. C. and Hershey, J. W. B. (1996) The pathway and mechanism of eukaryotic protein synthesis. In: Translational Control, pp. 31–70, Hershey, J., Mathews, M. B. and Sonenberg, N. (eds.) Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor.
10.1016/0092-8674(90)90374-N / Cell / Molecular cloning and characterization of the human double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase induced by interferon by Meurs (1990)
10.1073/pnas.90.1.232 / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA / Tumour suppressor function of the interferon-induced double-stranded RNA-activated 68,000-Mr protein kinase by Meurs (1993)
10.1006/viro.1993.1110 / Virology / Mechanisms for the inhibition of HIV replication by interferons-alpha, -beta, and -gamma in primary human macrophages by Meylan (1993)
10.1128/JVI.66.9.5347-5356.1992 / J. Virol. / Proteolytic cleavage of the reovirus sigma 3 protein results in enhanced double-stranded RNA-binding activity by Miller (1992)
10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00853.x / EMBO J. / A herpes virus genetic element which affects translation in the absence of the viral GADD34 function by Mohr (1996)
Morimoto, R. I., Tissieres, A. and Georgopoulos, C. (1994) Progress and perspectives on the biology of heat shock proteins and molecular chaperones. In: The Biology of Heat Shock Proteins and Molecular Chaperones, pp. 1–30, Morimoto, R. I., Tissieres, A. and Georgopoulos, C. (eds.) Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor.
10.1126/science.8009221 / Science / Functional role of type I and type II interferons in antiviral defense by Muller (1994)
10.1074/jbc.270.7.3100 / J. Biol. Chem. / Platelet-derived growth factor signal transduction through the interferon-inducible kinase PKR by Mundschau (1995)
10.1016/0092-8674(86)90460-5 / Cell / A mechanism for the control of protein synthesis by adenovirus VA RNA by O’Malley (1994)
10.1006/viro.1996.0004 / Virology / Mechanism of interferon action by Ortega (1996)
10.1073/pnas.91.11.4713 / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA / TAR RNA-binding protein is an inhibitor of the interferon-induced protein kinase PKR by Park (1994)
10.1016/S0021-9258(18)42567-7 / J. Biol. Chem. / Identification of the double stranded RNA-binding domain of the human interferon-inducible protein kinase by Patel (1992)
10.1073/pnas.92.18.8283 / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA / The interferon-inducible double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase self-associates in vitro and in vivo by Patel (1995)
10.1074/jbc.271.41.25657 / J. Biol. Chem. / Specific mutations near the amino terminus of double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) differentially affect its double-stranded RNA binding and dimerization properties by Patel (1996)
10.1089/jir.1991.11.215 / J. Interferon Res. / The antiviral potentials of Mx proteins by Pavlovic (1991)
10.1146/annurev.bi.56.070187.003455 / Annu. Rev. Biochem. / Interferons and their actions by Pestka (1987)
10.1093/nar/25.13.2672 / Nucl. Acids Res. / Characterization and mapping of the double-stranded regions involved in activation of PKR within a cellular RNA from 3T3-F442A cells by Petryshyn (1997)
10.1089/jir.1991.11.313 / J. Interferon Res. / Multiple effects of interferon on HIV-1 replication by Pitha (1991)
10.1126/science.2470148 / Science / Interferon-alpha but not AZT suppresses HIV expression in chronically infected cell lines by Poli (1989)
10.1074/jbc.271.3.1702 / J. Biol. Chem. / The P58 cellular inhibitor complexes with the interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase, PKR, to regulate its autophosphorylation and activity by Polyak (1996)
10.1006/viro.1996.8425 / Virology / Differentiation of the shutoff of protein synthesis by virion host shutoff and mutant γ134.5 genes of herpes simplex virus by Poon (1997)
10.1016/S0968-0004(00)89025-8 / Trends Biochem. Sci. / PKR by Proud (1995)
10.1128/JVI.68.4.2425-2432.1994 / J. Virol. / The influenza virus NS1 protein is a poly(A)-binding protein that inhibits nuclear export of mRNAs containing poly(A) by Qiu (1994)
10.1093/nar/19.23.6645 / Nucl. Acids Res. / A human homologue of the Escherichia coli DnaJ heat-shock protein by Raabe (1991)
10.1128/JVI.69.2.785-795.1995 / J. Virol. / A novel translational regulation function for the simian virus 40 large T-antigen gene by Rajan (1995)
10.1038/313196a0 / Nature / Adenovirus VA RNA1 regulates the activity of a protein synthesis initiator factor by Reichel (1985)
10.1128/JVI.70.8.5611-5617.1996 / J. Virol. / Paradoxical interactions between human delta hepatitis agent RNA and the cellular protein kinase PKR by Robertson (1996)
10.1128/MCB.15.1.365 / Mol. Cell. Biol. / Structural requirements for dsRNA-binding, dimerization and activation of the human eIF-2α kinase DAI in yeast by Romano (1995)
10.1126/science.2180064 / Science / Control of the interferon-induced 68-kilodalton protein kinase by the HIV-1 tat gene product by Roy (1990)
10.1128/JVI.65.2.632-640.1991 / J. Virol. / The integrity of the stem structure of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat-responsive sequence RNA is required for interaction with the interferon-induced 68,000-Mr protein kinase by Roy (1991)
10.1016/0042-6822(91)90112-O / Virology / Antiviral actions of interferon interferon-regulated cellular proteins and their surprisingly selective antiviral activities by Samuel (1991)
10.1016/S0021-9258(18)52994-X / J. Biol. Chem. / The eIF-2α protein kinases, regulators of translation in eukaryotes from yeasts to humans by Samuel (1993)
10.1128/MCB.8.1.273 / Mol. Cell. Biol. / Distinct binding sites for zinc and double-stranded RNA in the reovirus outer capsid protein σ3 by Schiff (1988)
10.1006/viro.1997.8531 / Virology / Preferential translation of reovirus mRNA by a σ3-dependent mechanism by Schmechel (1997)
Schneider, R. J. (1996) Adenovirus and vaccinia virus translational control. In: Translational Control, pp. 575–606, Hershey, J., Mathews, M. B. and Sonenberg, N. (eds.) Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor.
10.1016/0042-6822(92)90308-C / Virology / Translational effects and sequence comparisons of the three serotypes of the reovirus S4 gene by Seliger (1992)
10.1016/S0021-9258(18)42719-6 / J. Biol. Chem. / The interferon system by Sen (1992)
10.1016/S0065-3527(08)60083-4 / Adv. Virus Res. / Interferon-induced antiviral actions and their regulation by Sen (1993)
10.1093/nar/21.19.4483 / Nucl. Acids Res. / Comparative analysis of the regulation of the interferon-inducible protein kinase PKR by Epstein-Barr virus RNAs EBER-1 and EBER-2 and adenovirus VAl RNA by Sharp (1993)
10.1016/0042-6822(82)90237-9 / Virology / Reovirus inhibition of cellular RNA and protein synthesis by Sharpe (1982)
10.1073/pnas.82.7.1959 / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA / Translational control by adenovirus by Siekierka (1985)
10.1016/0092-8674(93)90287-Z / Cell / Eukaryotic DnaJ homologs and the specificity of Hsp70 activity by Silver (1993)
10.1089/jir.1994.14.101 / J. Interferon Res. / Fascination with 2-5A-dependent RNase by Silverman (1994)
10.1111/j.1432-1033.1982.tb05915.x / Eur. J. Biochem. / Control of the ppp(A2′p)nA system in HeLa cells by Silverman (1982)
10.1016/0378-1119(93)90282-8 / Gene / Cloning and characterization of a human protein phosphatase 1-encoding cDNA by Song (1993)
10.1089/jir.1992.12.363 / J. Interferon Res. / Anti-HIV-1 activity of recombinant and hybrid species of interferon alpha by Sperber (1992)
10.1074/jbc.270.28.16619 / J. Biol. Chem. / Calcium depletion from the endoplasmic reticulum activates the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) to inhibit protein synthesis by Srivastava (1995)
10.1016/S0065-3527(08)60862-3 / Adv. Virus Res. / Interferon induced proteins and the antiviral state by Staehli (1990)
10.1128/JVI.66.8.5133-5136.1992 / J. Virol. / Epstein-Barr virus–encoded small RNAs (EBERs) do not modulate interferon effects in infected lymphocytes by Swaminathan (1992)
10.1006/viro.1996.0255 / Virology / Simian virus 40 bypasses the translational block imposed by the phosphorylation of eIF-2α by Swaminathan (1996)
Tan, S.-L., Gale, M. J., Jr. and Katze, M. G. (1998) Interaction with P58IPK prevents dimerization of the interferon-induced, dsRNA-activated protein kinase: implications for kinase modulation and Dna J domain function. Mol. Cell. Biol., in press.
10.1073/pnas.91.17.7995 / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA / Mechanism of interferon action by Tanaka (1994)
10.1128/MCB.16.11.6295 / Mol. Cell. Biol. / Autophosphorylation sites participate in the activation of the double-stranded-RNA-activated protein kinase PKR by Taylor (1996)
10.1016/0968-0004(93)80001-R / Trends Biochem. Sci. / A template for the protein kinase family by Taylor (1993)
10.1016/0092-8674(82)90310-5 / Cell / Adenovirus VA1 RNA is required for efficient translation of viral mRNAs at late times after infection by Thimmappaya (1982)
10.1128/JVI.69.8.5195-5198.1995 / J. Virol. / Mechanism of interferon action by Thomis (1995)
10.1016/0042-6822(92)90732-5 / Virology / Mechanism of interferon action by Thomis (1992)
10.1128/JVI.66.4.2180-2186.1992 / J. Virol. / Reovirus polypeptide σ3 and N-terminal myristoylation of polypeptide μ1are required for site-specific cleavage to μ1C in transfected cells by Tillotson (1992)
10.1016/0042-6822(91)90768-7 / Virology / Characterization of a vaccinia virus–encoded double-stranded RNA-binding protein that may be involved in inhibition of the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase by Watson (1991)
10.1016/0042-6822(84)90020-5 / Virology / Characterization of a specific kinase inhibitory factor produced by vaccinia virus which inhibits the interferon-induced protein kinase activity by Whitaker-Dowling (1984)
10.1006/smvy.1995.0024 / Semin. Virol. / The role of the dsRNA-activated kinase, PKR, in signal transduction by Williams (1995)
10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb00300.x / EMBO J. / Deficient signalling in mice devoid of double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase, PKR by Yang (1995)
10.1073/pnas.93.22.12451 / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA / An essential role for the interferon-inducible, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase PKR in the tumor necrosis factor-induced apoptosis in U937 cells by Yeung (1996)
10.1006/viro.1997.8664 / Virology / Double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) is regulated by reovirus structural proteins by Yue (1997)
10.1128/JVI.70.6.3497-3501.1996 / J. Virol. / Regulated, stable expression and nuclear presence of reovirus double-stranded RNA-binding protein σ3 in hela cells by Yue (1997)
10.1128/MCB.14.4.2361 / Mol. Cell. Biol. / The gadd and MyD genes define a novel set of mammalian genes encoding acidic proteins that synergistically suppress cell growth by Zhan (1994)
10.1016/0092-8674(93)90403-D / Cell / Expression cloning of 2′-5′ A-dependent RNAase by Zhou (1993)
10.1074/jbc.272.22.14434 / J. Biol. Chem. / Ribosome targeting of PKR is mediated by two double-stranded RNA-binding domains and facilitates in vivo phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor-2 by Zhu (1997)
10.1016/0042-6822(70)90171-6 / Virology / Studies on the intercellular synthesis of reovirus-specified proteins by Zweerink (1970)

Dates

Type	When
Created	23 years, 1 month ago (July 25, 2002, 9:16 a.m.)
Deposited	4 years, 3 months ago (May 6, 2021, 3:37 a.m.)
Indexed	2 days, 19 hours ago (Sept. 3, 2025, 6:15 a.m.)
Issued	27 years, 5 months ago (April 1, 1998)
Published	27 years, 5 months ago (April 1, 1998)
Published Print	27 years, 5 months ago (April 1, 1998)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Gale_1998, title={Molecular Mechanisms of Interferon Resistance Mediated by Viral-Directed Inhibition of PKR, the Interferon-Induced Protein Kinase}, volume={78}, ISSN={0163-7258}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0163-7258(97)00165-4}, DOI={10.1016/s0163-7258(97)00165-4}, number={1}, journal={Pharmacology & Therapeutics}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Gale, Michael and Katze, Michael G}, year={1998}, month=apr, pages={29–46} }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2025,
        9,
        3
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2025-09-03T10:15:58Z",
    "timestamp": 1756894558109
  },
  "reference-count": 211,
  "publisher": "Elsevier BV",
  "issue": "1",
  "license": [
    {
      "start": {
        "date-parts": [
          [
            1998,
            4,
            1
          ]
        ],
        "date-time": "1998-04-01T00:00:00Z",
        "timestamp": 891388800000
      },
      "content-version": "tdm",
      "delay-in-days": 0,
      "URL": "https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/"
    }
  ],
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [],
    "crossmark-restriction": false
  },
  "published-print": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1998,
        4
      ]
    ]
  },
  "DOI": "10.1016/s0163-7258(97)00165-4",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2002,
        7,
        25
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2002-07-25T13:16:45Z",
    "timestamp": 1027603005000
  },
  "page": "29-46",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 328,
  "title": "Molecular Mechanisms of Interferon Resistance Mediated by Viral-Directed Inhibition of PKR, the Interferon-Induced Protein Kinase",
  "prefix": "10.1016",
  "volume": "78",
  "author": [
    {
      "suffix": "Jr.",
      "given": "Michael",
      "family": "Gale",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Michael G",
      "family": "Katze",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    }
  ],
  "member": "78",
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "251",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0042-6822(90)90478-A",
      "article-title": "Expression of cellular genes in CD4-positive lymphoid cells infected by the human immunodeficiency virus, HIV-1",
      "volume": "177",
      "author": "Agy",
      "year": "1990",
      "journal-title": "Virology"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "379",
      "DOI": "10.1006/viro.1995.0047",
      "article-title": "Interferon treatment inhibits virus replication in HIV-1\u2013 and SIV-infected CD4+ T-cells by distinct mechanisms",
      "volume": "214",
      "author": "Agy",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "Virology"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB3",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "10321",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0021-9258(18)81803-8",
      "article-title": "Specific kinase inhibitory factor of vaccinia virus prevents translational inhibition in rabbit reticulocytes",
      "volume": "264",
      "author": "Akkaraju",
      "year": "1989",
      "journal-title": "J. Biol. Chem."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB4",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "595",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0042-6822(91)90893-G",
      "article-title": "Early events in Epstein-Barr virus infection of human B lymphocytes",
      "volume": "181",
      "author": "Alfieri",
      "year": "1991",
      "journal-title": "Virology"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB5",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "255",
      "DOI": "10.1101/gad.6.2.255",
      "article-title": "Nucleocytoplasmic transport",
      "volume": "6",
      "author": "Alonso-Caplen",
      "year": "1992",
      "journal-title": "Genes Dev."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB6",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "5",
      "DOI": "10.1055/s-2007-1007259",
      "article-title": "Epidemiology of hepatitis C in the west",
      "volume": "15",
      "author": "Alter",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "Semin. Liver Dis."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB7",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "4830",
      "DOI": "10.1093/nar/21.20.4830",
      "article-title": "The mouse antiphosphotyrosine immunoreactive kinase, TIK, is indistinguishable from the double-stranded RNA-dependent, interferon-induced protein kinase, PKR",
      "volume": "21",
      "author": "Baier",
      "year": "1993",
      "journal-title": "Nucl. Acids Res."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB8",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "10356",
      "DOI": "10.1021/bi00106a038",
      "article-title": "Functional expression and characterization of the interferon-induced double-stranded RNA activated P68 protein kinase from Escherichia coli",
      "volume": "30",
      "author": "Barber",
      "year": "1991",
      "journal-title": "Biochemistry"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB9",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "4621",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.90.10.4621",
      "article-title": "Translational regulation by the interferon-induced dsRNA activated 68,000 Mr protein kinase",
      "volume": "90",
      "author": "Barber",
      "year": "1993",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB10",
      "unstructured": "Barber, G. N., Agy, M. B. and Katze, M. G. (1994) Regulation of viral and cellular gene expression in cells infected by animal viruses, including influenza virus and human immunodeficiency virus type 1. In: Methods in Virology, pp. 141\u2013168. Adolph, K. (ed.) Academic Press, Inc., Orlando."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB11",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "3138",
      "DOI": "10.1128/MCB.15.6.3138",
      "article-title": "Mutants of the RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) lacking double-stranded RNA binding domain I can act as transdominant inhibitors and induce malignant transformation",
      "volume": "15",
      "author": "Barber",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "Mol. Cell. Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB12",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "419",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0042-6822(91)90158-8",
      "article-title": "Vaccinia virus-encoded eIF-2 alpha homolog abrogates the antiviral effect of interferon",
      "volume": "183",
      "author": "Beattie",
      "year": "1991",
      "journal-title": "Virology"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB13",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "499",
      "DOI": "10.1128/JVI.69.1.499-505.1995",
      "article-title": "Reversal of the interferon-sensitive phenotype of a vaccinia virus lacking E3L by expression of the reovirus S4 gene",
      "volume": "69",
      "author": "Beattie",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "J. Virol."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB14",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "254",
      "DOI": "10.1006/viro.1995.1342",
      "article-title": "Distinct patterns of IFN sensitivity observed in cells infected with vaccinia K3L\u2212 and E3L\u2212 mutant viruses",
      "volume": "210",
      "author": "Beattie",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "Virology"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB15",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "89",
      "DOI": "10.1007/BF00370005",
      "article-title": "Host-range restriction of vaccinia virus E3L-specific deletion mutants",
      "volume": "12",
      "author": "Beattie",
      "year": "1996",
      "journal-title": "Virus Genes"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB16",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "611",
      "DOI": "10.1093/emboj/16.3.611",
      "article-title": "Oncogenic potential of TAR RNA binding protein TRBP and its regulatory interaction with RNA-dependent protein kinase PKR",
      "volume": "16",
      "author": "Benkirane",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "EMBO J."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB17",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "11240",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0021-9258(17)39171-8",
      "article-title": "Mechanism of interferon action",
      "volume": "260",
      "author": "Berry",
      "year": "1985",
      "journal-title": "J. Biol. Chem."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB18",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "4789",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.80.15.4789",
      "article-title": "Two small RNAs encoded by Epstein-Barr virus can functionally substitute for the virus-associated RNAs in the lytic growth of adenovirus 5",
      "volume": "80",
      "author": "Bhat",
      "year": "1983",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB19",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "750",
      "DOI": "10.1128/JVI.56.3.750-756.1985",
      "article-title": "Construction and analysis of additional adenovirus substitution mutants confirm the complementation of VAI RNA function by two small RNAs encoded by Epstein-Barr virus",
      "volume": "56",
      "author": "Bhat",
      "year": "1985",
      "journal-title": "J. Virol."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB20",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "595",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1432-1033.1989.tb14588.x",
      "article-title": "Characterization of two murine (2\u2032-5\u2032)(A)n-dependent endonucleases of different molecular mass",
      "volume": "179",
      "author": "Bisbal",
      "year": "1989",
      "journal-title": "Eur. J. Biochem."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB21",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2244",
      "DOI": "10.1128/JVI.63.5.2244-2251.1989",
      "article-title": "The cellular 68,000 Mr protein kinase is highly autophosphorylated and activated yet significantly degraded during poliovirus infection",
      "volume": "63",
      "author": "Black",
      "year": "1989",
      "journal-title": "J. Virol."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB22",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "791",
      "DOI": "10.1128/JVI.67.2.791-800.1993",
      "article-title": "Degradation of the interferon induced 68,000 Mr protein kinase by poliovirus requires RNA",
      "volume": "67",
      "author": "Black",
      "year": "1993",
      "journal-title": "J. Virol."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB23",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "8388",
      "DOI": "10.1074/jbc.272.13.8388",
      "article-title": "The Tat protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is a substrate and inhibitor of the interferon-induced, virally activated protein kinase, PKR",
      "volume": "272",
      "author": "Brand",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "J. Biol. Chem."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB24",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "9510",
      "DOI": "10.1074/jbc.272.14.9510",
      "article-title": "Characterization of the solution structure between the interferon-induced double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase and HIV-1 transactivating region RNA",
      "volume": "272",
      "author": "Carpick",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "J. Biol. Chem."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB25",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "12837",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0021-9258(18)31463-7",
      "article-title": "Recombinant vaccinia virus K3L gene product prevents activation of dsRNA dependent eIF 2 kinase",
      "volume": "268",
      "author": "Carroll",
      "year": "1993",
      "journal-title": "J. Biol. Chem."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB26",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "537",
      "DOI": "10.1006/viro.1993.1292",
      "article-title": "Identification of a conserved motif that is necessary for binding of the vaccinia virus E3L gene products to double-stranded RNA",
      "volume": "194",
      "author": "Chang",
      "year": "1993",
      "journal-title": "Virology"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB27",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "4825",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.89.11.4825",
      "article-title": "The E3L gene of vaccinia virus encodes an inhibitor of the interferon induced, dsRNA dependent protein kinase",
      "volume": "89",
      "author": "Chang",
      "year": "1992",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB28",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "610",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.274.5287.610",
      "article-title": "Accessing genetic information with high-density DNA arrays",
      "volume": "274",
      "author": "Chee",
      "year": "1996",
      "journal-title": "Science"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB29",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "105",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0968-0004(00)88975-6",
      "article-title": "Regulation of protein synthesis by heme-regulated eIF-2\u03b1 kinase",
      "volume": "20",
      "author": "Chen",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "Trends Biochem. Sci."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB30",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "7729",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.88.17.7729",
      "article-title": "Cloning of the cDNA of the heme-regulated eukaryotic initiation factor 2\u03b1 (eIF-2\u03b1) kinase of rabbit reticulocytes",
      "volume": "88",
      "author": "Chen",
      "year": "1991",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB31",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1553",
      "DOI": "10.1002/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05200.x",
      "article-title": "Human P68 kinase exhibits growth suppression in yeast and homology to the translational regulator GCN2",
      "volume": "11",
      "author": "Chong",
      "year": "1992",
      "journal-title": "EMBO J."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB32",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "3266",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.89.8.3266",
      "article-title": "The \u03b334.5 gene of herpes simplex virus 1 precludes neuroblastoma cells from triggering total shutoff of protein synthesis characteristic of programmed cell death in neuronal cells",
      "volume": "89",
      "author": "Chou",
      "year": "1992",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB33",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "635",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1432-1033.1990.tb19381.x",
      "article-title": "Translation control by the Epstein-Barr virus small RNA EBER-1",
      "volume": "193",
      "author": "Clarke",
      "year": "1990",
      "journal-title": "Eur. J. Biochem."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB34",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "243",
      "DOI": "10.1093/nar/19.2.243",
      "article-title": "Binding of Epstein-Barr virus small RNA EBER-1 to the double-stranded RNA-induced inhibitor of protein synthesis in reticulocyte lysates",
      "volume": "19",
      "author": "Clarke",
      "year": "1991",
      "journal-title": "Nucl. Acids Res."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB35",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "81",
      "DOI": "10.1007/BF00996215",
      "article-title": "The small RNAs of Epstein-Barr virus",
      "volume": "17",
      "author": "Clemens",
      "year": "1993",
      "journal-title": "Mol. Biol. Rep."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB36",
      "unstructured": "Clemens, M. J. (1996) Protein kinases that phosphorylate eIF-2 and eIF-2B, and their role in eukaryotic cell translational control. In: Translational Control, pp. 139\u2013172. Hershey, J., Mathews, M. B. and Sonenberg, N. (eds.) Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB37",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "unstructured": "Clemens, M. J. and Elia, A. (1997) The double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase PKR\u2014structure and function. J. Interferon Cytokine Res., in press.",
      "DOI": "10.1089/jir.1997.17.503"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB38",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "241",
      "DOI": "10.1089/jir.1993.13.241",
      "article-title": "PKR",
      "volume": "13",
      "author": "Clemens",
      "year": "1993",
      "journal-title": "J. Interferon Res."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB39",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "770",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0300-9084(94)90081-7",
      "article-title": "Regulation of the interferon-inducible eIF-2 alpha protein kinase by small RNAs",
      "volume": "76",
      "author": "Clemens",
      "year": "1994",
      "journal-title": "Biochimie"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB40",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "23087",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0021-9258(17)31623-X",
      "article-title": "Specific inhibition of viral protein synthesis in HIV-infected cells in response to interferon treatment",
      "volume": "269",
      "author": "Coccia",
      "year": "1994",
      "journal-title": "J. Biol. Chem."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB41",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "940",
      "DOI": "10.1038/222940a0",
      "article-title": "Double-stranded RNA in vaccinia virus infected cells",
      "volume": "222",
      "author": "Colby",
      "year": "1969",
      "journal-title": "Nature"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB42",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "9445",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.92.21.9445",
      "article-title": "Double-stranded-RNA-dependent protein kinase and TAR RNA-binding protein form homo- and heterodimers in vivo",
      "volume": "92",
      "author": "Cosentino",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB43",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "24526",
      "DOI": "10.1074/jbc.271.40.24526",
      "article-title": "The kinase insert domain of interferon-induced protein kinase PKR is required for activity but not for interaction with the pseudosubstrate K3L",
      "volume": "271",
      "author": "Craig",
      "year": "1996",
      "journal-title": "J. Biol. Chem."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB44",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "402",
      "DOI": "10.1128/MR.57.2.402-414.1993",
      "article-title": "Heat shock proteins",
      "volume": "57",
      "author": "Craig",
      "year": "1993",
      "journal-title": "Microbiol. Rev."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB45",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "81",
      "DOI": "10.1139/o93-012",
      "article-title": "Protein synthesis in different cell lines infected with orthoreovirus serotype 3",
      "volume": "71",
      "author": "Danis",
      "year": "1993",
      "journal-title": "Biochem. Cell Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB46",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1943",
      "DOI": "10.1128/JVI.66.4.1943-1950.1992",
      "article-title": "The vaccinia virus K3L gene product potentiates translation by inhibiting double-stranded-RNA-activated protein kinase and phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2",
      "volume": "66",
      "author": "Davies",
      "year": "1992",
      "journal-title": "J. Virol."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB47",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1688",
      "DOI": "10.1128/JVI.67.3.1688-1692.1993",
      "article-title": "The E3L and K3L vaccinia virus gene products stimulate translation through inhibition of the double-stranded RNA dependent protein kinase by different mechanisms",
      "volume": "67",
      "author": "Davies",
      "year": "1993",
      "journal-title": "J. Virol."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB48",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "508",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.93.1.508",
      "article-title": "In vitro activation of the interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase PKR by RNA from the 3\u2019 untranslated regions of human alpha-tropomyosin",
      "volume": "93",
      "author": "Davis",
      "year": "1996",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB49",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "190",
      "DOI": "10.1006/viro.1994.1523",
      "article-title": "Site-directed mutagenic analysis of reovirus \u03c33 protein binding to dsRNA",
      "volume": "204",
      "author": "Denzler",
      "year": "1994",
      "journal-title": "Virology"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB50",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "3279",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.94.7.3279",
      "article-title": "A double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase-dependent pathway mediating stress-induced apoptosis",
      "volume": "94",
      "author": "Der",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB51",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "585",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(92)90193-G",
      "article-title": "Phosphorylation of initiation factor 2 alpha by protein kinase GCN2 mediates gene specific translational control of GCN4 in yeast",
      "volume": "68",
      "author": "Dever",
      "year": "1992",
      "journal-title": "Cell"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB52",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "4616",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.90.10.4616",
      "article-title": "Mammalian eukaryotic initiation factor elF2\u03b1 kinases functionally substitute for GCN2 protein kinase in the GCN4 translational control mechanism in yeast",
      "volume": "90",
      "author": "Dever",
      "year": "1994",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB53",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "307",
      "DOI": "10.1093/jac/34.3.307",
      "article-title": "Successors to acyclovir",
      "volume": "34",
      "author": "Easterbrook",
      "year": "1994",
      "journal-title": "J. Antimicrob. Chemother."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB54",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "303",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(89)90904-5",
      "article-title": "Activation of double-stranded RNA-dependent kinase (dsI) by the TAR region of HIV-1 mRNA",
      "volume": "56",
      "author": "Edery",
      "year": "1989",
      "journal-title": "Cell"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB55",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "4471",
      "DOI": "10.1093/nar/24.22.4471",
      "article-title": "Regulation of the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase PKR by RNAs encoded by a repeated sequence in the Epstein-Barr virus genome",
      "volume": "24",
      "author": "Elia",
      "year": "1996",
      "journal-title": "Nucl. Acids Res."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB56",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "5375",
      "DOI": "10.1128/JVI.71.7.5375-5381.1997",
      "article-title": "High level of transgene expression in cell cultures and in the mouse by replication-incompetent adenoviruses harboring VAI genes",
      "volume": "71",
      "author": "Eloit",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "J. Virol."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB57",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "224",
      "DOI": "10.1172/JCI118025",
      "article-title": "Comparison of full-length sequences of interferon-sensitive and resistant hepatitis C virus 1b",
      "volume": "96",
      "author": "Enomoto",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "J. Clin. Invest."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB58",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "77",
      "DOI": "10.1056/NEJM199601113340203",
      "article-title": "Mutations in the nonstructural protein 5A gene and response to interferon in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus 1b infection",
      "volume": "334",
      "author": "Enomoto",
      "year": "1996",
      "journal-title": "N. Engl. J. Med."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB59",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "5447",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.89.12.5447",
      "article-title": "Identification of dsRNA binding domains in the interferon-induced dsRNA-activated P68 kinase",
      "volume": "89",
      "author": "Feng",
      "year": "1992",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB60",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "199",
      "DOI": "10.1089/aid.1992.8.199",
      "article-title": "Interferons in the persistence, pathogenesis, and treatment of HIV infection",
      "volume": "8",
      "author": "Francis",
      "year": "1992",
      "journal-title": "AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB61",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "82",
      "DOI": "10.1055/s-2007-1007265",
      "article-title": "Therapy of hepatitis C",
      "volume": "15",
      "author": "Fried",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "Semin. Liver Dis."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB62",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "581",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1432-1033.1989.tb14485.x",
      "article-title": "The binding of double-stranded RNA and adenovirus VAI RNA to the interferon-induced protein kinase",
      "volume": "178",
      "author": "Galabru",
      "year": "1989",
      "journal-title": "Eur. J. Biochem."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB63",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "4172",
      "DOI": "10.1128/MCB.16.8.4172",
      "article-title": "Interaction of the interferon-induced PKR protein kinase with inhibitory proteins P58IPK and vaccinia virus K3L is mediated by unique domains",
      "volume": "16",
      "author": "Gale",
      "year": "1996",
      "journal-title": "Mol. Cell. Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB64",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "217",
      "DOI": "10.1006/viro.1997.8493",
      "article-title": "Evidence that hepatitis C virus resistance to interferon is mediated through repression of the PKR protein kinase by the nonstructural 5A protein",
      "volume": "230",
      "author": "Gale",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "Virology"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB65",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "859",
      "DOI": "10.1128/MCB.18.2.859",
      "article-title": "Regulation of interferon-induced protein kinase PKR",
      "volume": "18",
      "author": "Gale",
      "year": "1998",
      "journal-title": "Mol. Cell. Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB66",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1597",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.2011739",
      "article-title": "Characterization of a human TAR RNA-binding protein that activates the HIV-1 LTR",
      "volume": "251",
      "author": "Gatignol",
      "year": "1991",
      "journal-title": "Science"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB67",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2193",
      "DOI": "10.1128/MCB.13.4.2193",
      "article-title": "Relatedness of an RNA-binding motif in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 TAR RNA-binding protein TRBP to human P1/dsI kinase and Drosophila staufen",
      "volume": "13",
      "author": "Gatignol",
      "year": "1993",
      "journal-title": "Mol. Cell. Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB68",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "7140",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.88.16.7140",
      "article-title": "Binding of the adenovirus VAI RNA to the interferon-induced 68-kDa protein kinase correlates with function",
      "volume": "88",
      "author": "Ghadge",
      "year": "1991",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB69",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2415",
      "DOI": "10.1128/JVI.63.6.2415-2421.1989",
      "article-title": "Stimulation of chloramphenicol acetyl transferase mRNA translation by reovirus capsid polypeptide sigma 3 in cotransfected Cos cells",
      "volume": "63",
      "author": "Giantini",
      "year": "1989",
      "journal-title": "J. Virol."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB70",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "247",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0042-6822(90)90294-2",
      "article-title": "The complete sequence of vaccinia virus",
      "volume": "179",
      "author": "Goebel",
      "year": "1990",
      "journal-title": "Virology"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB71",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "173",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0968-0004(91)90070-C",
      "article-title": "The TPR snap helix",
      "volume": "16",
      "author": "Goebl",
      "year": "1991",
      "journal-title": "Trends Biochem. Sci."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB72",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2478",
      "DOI": "10.1101/gad.6.12b.2478",
      "article-title": "Two RNA binding motifs in the double-stranded RNA activated protein kinase, DAI",
      "volume": "6",
      "author": "Green",
      "year": "1992",
      "journal-title": "Genes Dev."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB73",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "8687",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.87.22.8687",
      "article-title": "Tat-responsive region RNA of human immunodeficiency virus 1 can prevent activation of the double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase",
      "volume": "87",
      "author": "Gunnery",
      "year": "1990",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB74",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "42",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.3291115",
      "article-title": "The protein kinase family",
      "volume": "241",
      "author": "Hanks",
      "year": "1988",
      "journal-title": "Science"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB75",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "3325",
      "DOI": "10.1099/0022-1317-73-12-3325",
      "article-title": "Binding of influenza A virus NS1 protein to dsRNA in vitro",
      "volume": "73",
      "author": "Hatada",
      "year": "1992",
      "journal-title": "J. Gen. Virol."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB76",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "6049",
      "DOI": "10.1128/JVI.71.8.6049-6054.1997",
      "article-title": "Suppression of the phenotype of \u03b3134.5\u2212 herpes simplex virus 1",
      "volume": "71",
      "author": "He",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "J. Virol."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB77",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "843",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.94.3.843",
      "article-title": "The \u03b34.5 protein of herpes simplex virus 1 complexes with protein phosphatase 1\u03b1 to dephosphorylate the \u03b1 subunit of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 and preclude the shutoff of protein synthesis by double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase",
      "volume": "94",
      "author": "He",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB78",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2615",
      "DOI": "10.1128/MCB.9.6.2615",
      "article-title": "Sequence and regulation of a gene encoding a human 89 kilodalton heat shock protein",
      "volume": "9",
      "author": "Hickey",
      "year": "1989",
      "journal-title": "Mol. Cell. Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB79",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "417",
      "DOI": "10.1006/scel.1994.1049",
      "article-title": "The eIF-2\u03b1 kinases",
      "volume": "5",
      "author": "Hinnebusch",
      "year": "1994",
      "journal-title": "Semin. Cell Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB80",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2611",
      "DOI": "10.1128/JVI.70.4.2611-2614.1996",
      "article-title": "Mutational analysis of the vaccinia virus E3 protein defines amino acid residues involved in E3 binding to double-stranded RNA",
      "volume": "70",
      "author": "Ho",
      "year": "1996",
      "journal-title": "J. Virol."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB81",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "272",
      "DOI": "10.1006/viro.1996.0114",
      "article-title": "Physical and functional characterization of the double-stranded RNA binding protein encoded by the vaccinia virus E3 gene",
      "volume": "217",
      "author": "Ho",
      "year": "1996",
      "journal-title": "Virology"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB82",
      "first-page": "241",
      "article-title": "Therapy of acute and chronic viral hepatitis",
      "volume": "39",
      "author": "Hoofnagle",
      "year": "1994",
      "journal-title": "Adv. Intern. Med."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB83",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "411",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0042-6822(76)90282-8",
      "article-title": "Reovirus-coded polypeptides in infected cells",
      "volume": "70",
      "author": "Huismans",
      "year": "1976",
      "journal-title": "Virology"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB84",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "16073",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0021-9258(18)98517-0",
      "article-title": "TIK, a novel serine/threonine kinase, is recognized by antibodies directed against phosphotyrosine",
      "volume": "266",
      "author": "Icely",
      "year": "1991",
      "journal-title": "J. Biol. Chem."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB85",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "87",
      "DOI": "10.1159/000150362",
      "article-title": "Current state of interferon therapy for chronic hepatitis C",
      "volume": "37",
      "author": "Iino",
      "year": "1994",
      "journal-title": "Intervirology"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB86",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "7887",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.85.21.7887",
      "article-title": "Inhibitory activity for the interferon-induced protein kinase is associated with the reovirus serotype 1 sigma 3 protein",
      "volume": "85",
      "author": "Imani",
      "year": "1988",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB87",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "5102",
      "DOI": "10.1128/JVI.65.9.5102-5104.1991",
      "article-title": "The Lang strain of reovirus serotype 1 and the Dearing strain of reovirus serotype 3 differ in their sensitivities to beta interferon",
      "volume": "65",
      "author": "Jacobs",
      "year": "1991",
      "journal-title": "J. Virol."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB88",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "327",
      "DOI": "10.3109/07357909509094468",
      "article-title": "The interferon system",
      "volume": "13",
      "author": "Jaramillo",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "Cancer Invest."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB89",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "11",
      "DOI": "10.1242/jcs.106.1.11",
      "article-title": "Organization of the double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase DAI and virus-associated VA RNAI in adenovirus-2\u2013infected HeLa cells",
      "volume": "106",
      "author": "Jim\u00e9nez-Garcia",
      "year": "1993",
      "journal-title": "J. Cell Sci."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB90",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "10979",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.89.22.10979",
      "article-title": "A conserved double-stranded RNA-binding domain",
      "volume": "89",
      "author": "Johnston",
      "year": "1992",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB91",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "259",
      "DOI": "10.1006/smvy.1993.1022",
      "article-title": "Games viruses play",
      "volume": "4",
      "author": "Katze",
      "year": "1993",
      "journal-title": "Semin. Virol."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB92",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "75",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0966-842X(00)88880-0",
      "article-title": "Regulation of the interferon-induced PKR",
      "volume": "3",
      "author": "Katze",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "Trends Microbiol."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB93",
      "unstructured": "Katze, M. G. (1996) Translational control in cells infected with influenza virus and reovirus. In: Translational Control, pp. 607\u2013630, Hershey, J. W. B., Mathews, M. B. and Sonenberg, N. (eds.) Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB94",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "332",
      "DOI": "10.1159/000468769",
      "article-title": "The regulation of viral and cellular RNA turnover in cells infected by eukaryotic viruses including human immunodeficiency virus, HIV-1",
      "volume": "44",
      "author": "Katze",
      "year": "1990",
      "journal-title": "Enzyme"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB95",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "689",
      "DOI": "10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb04809.x",
      "article-title": "Adenovirus VAI RNA complexes with the 68,000 Mr protein kinase to regulate its autophosphorylation and activity",
      "volume": "6",
      "author": "Katze",
      "year": "1987",
      "journal-title": "EMBO J."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB96",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "3710",
      "DOI": "10.1128/JVI.62.10.3710-3717.1988",
      "article-title": "Influenza virus regulates protein synthesis during infection by repressing the autophosphorylation and activity of the cellular 68,000 Mr protein kinase",
      "volume": "62",
      "author": "Katze",
      "year": "1988",
      "journal-title": "J. Virol."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB97",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "5497",
      "DOI": "10.1128/MCB.11.11.5497",
      "article-title": "Functional expression of interferon-induced, dsRNA activated 68,000 Mr protein kinase in a cell-free system",
      "volume": "11",
      "author": "Katze",
      "year": "1991",
      "journal-title": "Mol. Cell. Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB98",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "946",
      "DOI": "10.1128/MCB.9.3.946",
      "article-title": "The phosphorylation state of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alters translational efficiency of specific mRNAs",
      "volume": "9",
      "author": "Kaufman",
      "year": "1989",
      "journal-title": "Mol. Cell. Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB99",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1921",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.8009222",
      "article-title": "Involvement of the IRF-1 transcription factor in antiviral responses to interferons",
      "volume": "264",
      "author": "Kimura",
      "year": "1994",
      "journal-title": "Science"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB100",
      "first-page": "439",
      "article-title": "IRF-1 induced cell growth inhibition and interferon induction requires the activity of the protein kinase PKR",
      "volume": "11",
      "author": "Kirchhoff",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "Oncogene"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB101",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "195",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(86)90383-1",
      "article-title": "Adenovirus VAI RNA antagonizes the antiviral action of the interferon-induced eIF-2 alpha kinase",
      "volume": "45",
      "author": "Kitajewski",
      "year": "1986",
      "journal-title": "Cell"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB102",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "4146",
      "DOI": "10.1128/MCB.17.7.4146",
      "article-title": "Regulation of the protein kinase PKR by the vaccinia virus pseudosubstrate inhibitor K3L is dependent on residues conserved between the K3L protein and the PKR substrate eIF-2\u03b1",
      "volume": "17",
      "author": "Kobayashi",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "Mol. Cell. Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB103",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "570",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.277.5325.570",
      "article-title": "Transmission of hepatitis C by intrahepatic inoculation with transcribed RNA",
      "volume": "277",
      "author": "Kolykhalov",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "Science"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB104",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "25426",
      "DOI": "10.1074/jbc.270.43.25426",
      "article-title": "The interferon-inducible protein kinase PKR modulates the transcriptional activation of immunoglobulin kappa gene",
      "volume": "270",
      "author": "Koromilas",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "J. Biol. Chem."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB105",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "181",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0378-1119(95)00883-7",
      "article-title": "Cloning, expression, and cellular localization of the oncogenic 58-kDa inhibitor of the RNA-activated human and mouse protein kinase",
      "volume": "170",
      "author": "Korth",
      "year": "1996",
      "journal-title": "Gene"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB106",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "201",
      "DOI": "10.1128/JVI.56.1.201-206.1985",
      "article-title": "Inhibition of influenza viral messenger RNA synthesis in cells expressing the interferon-induced Mx gene product",
      "volume": "56",
      "author": "Krug",
      "year": "1985",
      "journal-title": "J. Virol."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB107",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "unstructured": "Krug, R. M., Alonso-Caplen, F., Julkunen, I. and Katze, M. G. (1989) Expression and replication of the influenza virus genome. In: Influenza Viruses, 77th edn., pp. 89\u2013152, Krug, R. M. (ed.) Plenum Publishing Co., New York.",
      "DOI": "10.1007/978-1-4613-0811-9_2"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB108",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "6288",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.91.14.6288",
      "article-title": "Double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase activates transcription factor NF-\u03baB by phosphorylating I\u03baB",
      "volume": "91",
      "author": "Kumar",
      "year": "1994",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB109",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "406",
      "DOI": "10.1093/emboj/16.2.406",
      "article-title": "Deficient cytokine signaling in mouse embryo fibroblasts with a targeted deletion in the PKR gene",
      "volume": "16",
      "author": "Kumar",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "EMBO J."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB110",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "257",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0968-0004(00)89037-4",
      "article-title": "Tetratricopeptide repeat interactions",
      "volume": "20",
      "author": "Lamb",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "Trends Biochem. Sci."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB111",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "261",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0168-9525(91)90326-L",
      "article-title": "Diversity of coding strategies in influenza viruses",
      "volume": "7",
      "author": "Lamb",
      "year": "1991",
      "journal-title": "Trends Genet."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB112",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "10729",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0021-9258(19)50079-5",
      "article-title": "Cytosolic double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase is likely a dimer of partially phosphorylated Mr=66,000 dalton subunits",
      "volume": "267",
      "author": "Langland",
      "year": "1992",
      "journal-title": "J. Biol. Chem."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB113",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1149",
      "DOI": "10.1089/aid.1990.6.1149",
      "article-title": "Immunology of HIV infection, I",
      "volume": "6",
      "author": "Laurence",
      "year": "1990",
      "journal-title": "AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB114",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "491",
      "DOI": "10.1006/viro.1994.1151",
      "article-title": "The interferon-induced double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase induces apoptosis",
      "volume": "199",
      "author": "Lee",
      "year": "1994",
      "journal-title": "Virology"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB115",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "81",
      "DOI": "10.1006/viro.1997.8494",
      "article-title": "The apoptosis pathway triggered by the interferon-induced protein kinase PKR requires the third basic domain, initiates upstream from Bcl-2, and involves ICE-like proteases",
      "volume": "231",
      "author": "Lee",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "Virology"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB116",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "48",
      "DOI": "10.1007/978-3-642-78549-8_4",
      "article-title": "Cellular inhibitors of the interferon-induced, dsRNA-activated protein kinase",
      "volume": "14",
      "author": "Lee",
      "year": "1993",
      "journal-title": "Prog. Mol. Subcell. Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB117",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "6208",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.87.16.6208",
      "article-title": "Purification and partial characterization of a cellular inhibitor of the interferon-induced 68,000 Mr protein kinase from influenza virus-infected cells",
      "volume": "87",
      "author": "Lee",
      "year": "1990",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB118",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "14238",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0021-9258(19)49703-2",
      "article-title": "Characterization and regulation of the 58,000-dalton cellular inhibitor of the interferon-induced, dsRNA-activated protein kinase",
      "volume": "267",
      "author": "Lee",
      "year": "1992",
      "journal-title": "J. Biol. Chem."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB119",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2331",
      "DOI": "10.1128/MCB.14.4.2331",
      "article-title": "The 58,000-dalton cellular inhibitor of the interferon-induced double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR) is a member of the tetratricopeptide repeat family of proteins",
      "volume": "14",
      "author": "Lee",
      "year": "1994",
      "journal-title": "Mol. Cell. Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB120",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "133",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0168-1702(86)90045-6",
      "article-title": "Expression of the cloned S4 gene of reovirus serotype 3 in transformed eucaryotic cells",
      "volume": "6",
      "author": "Lemay",
      "year": "1986",
      "journal-title": "Virus Res."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB121",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2472",
      "DOI": "10.1128/JVI.61.8.2472-2479.1987",
      "article-title": "The viral protein sigma 3 participates in translation of late viral mRNA in reovirus-infected L cells",
      "volume": "61",
      "author": "Lemieux",
      "year": "1987",
      "journal-title": "J. Virol."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB122",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "287",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(89)90966-5",
      "article-title": "The involvement of NF-\u03baB in \u03b2-interferon gene regulation reveals its role as a widely inducible mediator of signal transduction",
      "volume": "57",
      "author": "Lenardo",
      "year": "1989",
      "journal-title": "Cell"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB123",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "41",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1432-1033.1991.tb15673.x",
      "article-title": "Activation of the double-stranded RNA-dependent eIF-2\u03b1 kinase by cellular RNA from 3T3-F442A cells",
      "volume": "195",
      "author": "Li",
      "year": "1991",
      "journal-title": "Eur. J. Biochem."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB124",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "6878",
      "DOI": "10.1128/JVI.66.12.6878-6884.1992",
      "article-title": "Translational stimulation by reovirus polypeptide 3",
      "volume": "66",
      "author": "Lloyd",
      "year": "1992",
      "journal-title": "J. Virol."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB125",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1675",
      "DOI": "10.1038/nbt1296-1675",
      "article-title": "Expression monitoring by hybridization to high-density oligonucleotide arrays",
      "volume": "14",
      "author": "Lockhart",
      "year": "1996",
      "journal-title": "Nature Biotech."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB126",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "222",
      "DOI": "10.1006/viro.1995.9937",
      "article-title": "Binding of the influenza virus NS1 protein to double-stranded RNA inhibits the activation of the protein kinase that phosphorylates the eIF-2 translation initiation factor",
      "volume": "214",
      "author": "Lu",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "Virology"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB127",
      "first-page": "937",
      "article-title": "Secondary and tertiary structure in the central domain of adenovirus type 2 VAI RNA",
      "volume": "2",
      "author": "Ma",
      "year": "1996",
      "journal-title": "RNA"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB128",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "823",
      "DOI": "10.1006/viro.1994.1601",
      "article-title": "HIV-1 TAR RNA has an intrinsic ability to activate interferon-inducible enzymes",
      "volume": "204",
      "author": "Maitra",
      "year": "1994",
      "journal-title": "Virology"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB129",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "5238",
      "DOI": "10.1128/MCB.12.11.5238",
      "article-title": "Interactions between dsRNA regulators and the protein kinase, DAI",
      "volume": "12",
      "author": "Manche",
      "year": "1992",
      "journal-title": "Mol. Cell. Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB130",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "106",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0042-6822(88)90625-3",
      "article-title": "Characterization of the dsRNA implicated in the inhibition of protein synthesis in cells infected with a mutant adenovirus defective for VA RNA 1",
      "volume": "164",
      "author": "Maran",
      "year": "1988",
      "journal-title": "Virology"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB131",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "789",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.7914032",
      "article-title": "Blockage of NF-\u03baB signaling by selective ablation of an mRNA target by 2-5A antisense chimeras",
      "volume": "265",
      "author": "Maran",
      "year": "1994",
      "journal-title": "Science"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB132",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "507.1",
      "DOI": "10.1006/smvy.1993.1021",
      "article-title": "Viral evasion of cellular defense mechanisms",
      "volume": "4",
      "author": "Mathews",
      "year": "1993",
      "journal-title": "Semin. Virol."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB133",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "247",
      "DOI": "10.1006/smvy.1993.1021",
      "article-title": "Viral evasion of cellular defense mechanisms",
      "volume": "4",
      "author": "Mathews",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "Semin. Virol."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB134",
      "unstructured": "Mathews, M. B. (1996) Interactions between viruses and the cellular machinery for protein synthesis. In: Translational Control, pp. 505\u2013548, Hershey, J., Mathews, M. B. and Sonenberg, N. (eds.) Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB135",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "250",
      "DOI": "10.1159/000468763",
      "article-title": "Control of translation in adenovirus-infected cells",
      "volume": "44",
      "author": "Mathews",
      "year": "1990",
      "journal-title": "Enzyme"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB136",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "5657",
      "DOI": "10.1128/JVI.65.11.5657-5662.1991",
      "article-title": "Adenovirus virus-associated RNA and translation control",
      "volume": "65",
      "author": "Mathews",
      "year": "1991",
      "journal-title": "J. Virol."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB137",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "511",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0042-6822(95)80067-0",
      "article-title": "Mechanism of interferon action",
      "volume": "206",
      "author": "McCormack",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "Virology"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB138",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "578",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0042-6822(78)90199-X",
      "article-title": "The nature of the polypeptide encoded by each of the 10 double-stranded RNA segments of reovirus type 3",
      "volume": "89",
      "author": "McCrae",
      "year": "1978",
      "journal-title": "Virology"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB139",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "413",
      "DOI": "10.1006/viro.1995.0014",
      "article-title": "HIV-1 Tat directly interacts with the interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-dependent kinase, PKR",
      "volume": "213",
      "author": "McMillan",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "Virology"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB140",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "843",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(90)90194-J",
      "article-title": "Interaction of adenovirus VA RNA1 with the protein kinase DAI",
      "volume": "61",
      "author": "Mellits",
      "year": "1990",
      "journal-title": "Cell"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB141",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "97",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.94.1.97",
      "article-title": "The molecular chaperone, hsp40, regulates the activity of P58IPK, the cellular inhibitor of PKR",
      "volume": "94",
      "author": "Melville",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB142",
      "unstructured": "Merrick, W. C. and Hershey, J. W. B. (1996) The pathway and mechanism of eukaryotic protein synthesis. In: Translational Control, pp. 31\u201370, Hershey, J., Mathews, M. B. and Sonenberg, N. (eds.) Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB143",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "379",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(90)90374-N",
      "article-title": "Molecular cloning and characterization of the human double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase induced by interferon",
      "volume": "62",
      "author": "Meurs",
      "year": "1990",
      "journal-title": "Cell"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB144",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "232",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.90.1.232",
      "article-title": "Tumour suppressor function of the interferon-induced double-stranded RNA-activated 68,000-Mr protein kinase",
      "volume": "90",
      "author": "Meurs",
      "year": "1993",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB145",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "138",
      "DOI": "10.1006/viro.1993.1110",
      "article-title": "Mechanisms for the inhibition of HIV replication by interferons-alpha, -beta, and -gamma in primary human macrophages",
      "volume": "193",
      "author": "Meylan",
      "year": "1993",
      "journal-title": "Virology"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB146",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "5347",
      "DOI": "10.1128/JVI.66.9.5347-5356.1992",
      "article-title": "Proteolytic cleavage of the reovirus sigma 3 protein results in enhanced double-stranded RNA-binding activity",
      "volume": "66",
      "author": "Miller",
      "year": "1992",
      "journal-title": "J. Virol."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB147",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "4759",
      "DOI": "10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00853.x",
      "article-title": "A herpes virus genetic element which affects translation in the absence of the viral GADD34 function",
      "volume": "15",
      "author": "Mohr",
      "year": "1996",
      "journal-title": "EMBO J."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB148",
      "unstructured": "Morimoto, R. I., Tissieres, A. and Georgopoulos, C. (1994) Progress and perspectives on the biology of heat shock proteins and molecular chaperones. In: The Biology of Heat Shock Proteins and Molecular Chaperones, pp. 1\u201330, Morimoto, R. I., Tissieres, A. and Georgopoulos, C. (eds.) Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB149",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1918",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.8009221",
      "article-title": "Functional role of type I and type II interferons in antiviral defense",
      "volume": "264",
      "author": "Muller",
      "year": "1994",
      "journal-title": "Science"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB150",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "3100",
      "DOI": "10.1074/jbc.270.7.3100",
      "article-title": "Platelet-derived growth factor signal transduction through the interferon-inducible kinase PKR",
      "volume": "270",
      "author": "Mundschau",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "J. Biol. Chem."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB151",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "391",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(86)90460-5",
      "article-title": "A mechanism for the control of protein synthesis by adenovirus VA RNA",
      "volume": "44",
      "author": "O\u2019Malley",
      "year": "1994",
      "journal-title": "Cell"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB152",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "31",
      "DOI": "10.1006/viro.1996.0004",
      "article-title": "Mechanism of interferon action",
      "volume": "215",
      "author": "Ortega",
      "year": "1996",
      "journal-title": "Virology"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB153",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "4713",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.91.11.4713",
      "article-title": "TAR RNA-binding protein is an inhibitor of the interferon-induced protein kinase PKR",
      "volume": "91",
      "author": "Park",
      "year": "1994",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB154",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "7871",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0021-9258(18)42567-7",
      "article-title": "Identification of the double stranded RNA-binding domain of the human interferon-inducible protein kinase",
      "volume": "267",
      "author": "Patel",
      "year": "1992",
      "journal-title": "J. Biol. Chem."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB155",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "8283",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.92.18.8283",
      "article-title": "The interferon-inducible double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase self-associates in vitro and in vivo",
      "volume": "92",
      "author": "Patel",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB156",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "25657",
      "DOI": "10.1074/jbc.271.41.25657",
      "article-title": "Specific mutations near the amino terminus of double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) differentially affect its double-stranded RNA binding and dimerization properties",
      "volume": "271",
      "author": "Patel",
      "year": "1996",
      "journal-title": "J. Biol. Chem."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB157",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "215",
      "DOI": "10.1089/jir.1991.11.215",
      "article-title": "The antiviral potentials of Mx proteins",
      "volume": "11",
      "author": "Pavlovic",
      "year": "1991",
      "journal-title": "J. Interferon Res."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB158",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "727",
      "DOI": "10.1146/annurev.bi.56.070187.003455",
      "article-title": "Interferons and their actions",
      "volume": "56",
      "author": "Pestka",
      "year": "1987",
      "journal-title": "Annu. Rev. Biochem."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB159",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2672",
      "DOI": "10.1093/nar/25.13.2672",
      "article-title": "Characterization and mapping of the double-stranded regions involved in activation of PKR within a cellular RNA from 3T3-F442A cells",
      "volume": "25",
      "author": "Petryshyn",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "Nucl. Acids Res."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB160",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "313",
      "DOI": "10.1089/jir.1991.11.313",
      "article-title": "Multiple effects of interferon on HIV-1 replication",
      "volume": "11",
      "author": "Pitha",
      "year": "1991",
      "journal-title": "J. Interferon Res."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB161",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "575",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.2470148",
      "article-title": "Interferon-alpha but not AZT suppresses HIV expression in chronically infected cell lines",
      "volume": "244",
      "author": "Poli",
      "year": "1989",
      "journal-title": "Science"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB162",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1702",
      "DOI": "10.1074/jbc.271.3.1702",
      "article-title": "The P58 cellular inhibitor complexes with the interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase, PKR, to regulate its autophosphorylation and activity",
      "volume": "271",
      "author": "Polyak",
      "year": "1996",
      "journal-title": "J. Biol. Chem."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB163",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "98",
      "DOI": "10.1006/viro.1996.8425",
      "article-title": "Differentiation of the shutoff of protein synthesis by virion host shutoff and mutant \u03b3134.5 genes of herpes simplex virus",
      "volume": "229",
      "author": "Poon",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "Virology"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB164",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "241",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0968-0004(00)89025-8",
      "article-title": "PKR",
      "volume": "20",
      "author": "Proud",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "Trends Biochem. Sci."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB165",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2425",
      "DOI": "10.1128/JVI.68.4.2425-2432.1994",
      "article-title": "The influenza virus NS1 protein is a poly(A)-binding protein that inhibits nuclear export of mRNAs containing poly(A)",
      "volume": "68",
      "author": "Qiu",
      "year": "1994",
      "journal-title": "J. Virol."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB166",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "6445",
      "DOI": "10.1093/nar/19.23.6645",
      "article-title": "A human homologue of the Escherichia coli DnaJ heat-shock protein",
      "volume": "19",
      "author": "Raabe",
      "year": "1991",
      "journal-title": "Nucl. Acids Res."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB167",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "785",
      "DOI": "10.1128/JVI.69.2.785-795.1995",
      "article-title": "A novel translational regulation function for the simian virus 40 large T-antigen gene",
      "volume": "69",
      "author": "Rajan",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "J. Virol."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB168",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "196",
      "DOI": "10.1038/313196a0",
      "article-title": "Adenovirus VA RNA1 regulates the activity of a protein synthesis initiator factor",
      "volume": "313",
      "author": "Reichel",
      "year": "1985",
      "journal-title": "Nature"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB169",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "5611",
      "DOI": "10.1128/JVI.70.8.5611-5617.1996",
      "article-title": "Paradoxical interactions between human delta hepatitis agent RNA and the cellular protein kinase PKR",
      "volume": "70",
      "author": "Robertson",
      "year": "1996",
      "journal-title": "J. Virol."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB170",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "365",
      "DOI": "10.1128/MCB.15.1.365",
      "article-title": "Structural requirements for dsRNA-binding, dimerization and activation of the human eIF-2\u03b1 kinase DAI in yeast",
      "volume": "15",
      "author": "Romano",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "Mol. Cell. Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB171",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1216",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.2180064",
      "article-title": "Control of the interferon-induced 68-kilodalton protein kinase by the HIV-1 tat gene product",
      "volume": "247",
      "author": "Roy",
      "year": "1990",
      "journal-title": "Science"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB172",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "632",
      "DOI": "10.1128/JVI.65.2.632-640.1991",
      "article-title": "The integrity of the stem structure of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat-responsive sequence RNA is required for interaction with the interferon-induced 68,000-Mr protein kinase",
      "volume": "65",
      "author": "Roy",
      "year": "1991",
      "journal-title": "J. Virol."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB173",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0042-6822(91)90112-O",
      "article-title": "Antiviral actions of interferon interferon-regulated cellular proteins and their surprisingly selective antiviral activities",
      "volume": "183",
      "author": "Samuel",
      "year": "1991",
      "journal-title": "Virology"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB174",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "7603",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0021-9258(18)52994-X",
      "article-title": "The eIF-2\u03b1 protein kinases, regulators of translation in eukaryotes from yeasts to humans",
      "volume": "268",
      "author": "Samuel",
      "year": "1993",
      "journal-title": "J. Biol. Chem."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB175",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "273",
      "DOI": "10.1128/MCB.8.1.273",
      "article-title": "Distinct binding sites for zinc and double-stranded RNA in the reovirus outer capsid protein \u03c33",
      "volume": "8",
      "author": "Schiff",
      "year": "1988",
      "journal-title": "Mol. Cell. Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB176",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "62",
      "DOI": "10.1006/viro.1997.8531",
      "article-title": "Preferential translation of reovirus mRNA by a \u03c33-dependent mechanism",
      "volume": "232",
      "author": "Schmechel",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "Virology"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB177",
      "unstructured": "Schneider, R. J. (1996) Adenovirus and vaccinia virus translational control. In: Translational Control, pp. 575\u2013606, Hershey, J., Mathews, M. B. and Sonenberg, N. (eds.) Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB178",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "202",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0042-6822(92)90308-C",
      "article-title": "Translational effects and sequence comparisons of the three serotypes of the reovirus S4 gene",
      "volume": "187",
      "author": "Seliger",
      "year": "1992",
      "journal-title": "Virology"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB179",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "5017",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0021-9258(18)42719-6",
      "article-title": "The interferon system",
      "volume": "267",
      "author": "Sen",
      "year": "1992",
      "journal-title": "J. Biol. Chem."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB180",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "57",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0065-3527(08)60083-4",
      "article-title": "Interferon-induced antiviral actions and their regulation",
      "volume": "42",
      "author": "Sen",
      "year": "1993",
      "journal-title": "Adv. Virus Res."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB181",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "4483",
      "DOI": "10.1093/nar/21.19.4483",
      "article-title": "Comparative analysis of the regulation of the interferon-inducible protein kinase PKR by Epstein-Barr virus RNAs EBER-1 and EBER-2 and adenovirus VAl RNA",
      "volume": "21",
      "author": "Sharp",
      "year": "1993",
      "journal-title": "Nucl. Acids Res."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB182",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "381",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0042-6822(82)90237-9",
      "article-title": "Reovirus inhibition of cellular RNA and protein synthesis",
      "volume": "122",
      "author": "Sharpe",
      "year": "1982",
      "journal-title": "Virology"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB183",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1959",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.82.7.1959",
      "article-title": "Translational control by adenovirus",
      "volume": "82",
      "author": "Siekierka",
      "year": "1985",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB184",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "5",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(93)90287-Z",
      "article-title": "Eukaryotic DnaJ homologs and the specificity of Hsp70 activity",
      "volume": "74",
      "author": "Silver",
      "year": "1993",
      "journal-title": "Cell"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB185",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "101",
      "DOI": "10.1089/jir.1994.14.101",
      "article-title": "Fascination with 2-5A-dependent RNase",
      "volume": "14",
      "author": "Silverman",
      "year": "1994",
      "journal-title": "J. Interferon Res."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB186",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "131",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1432-1033.1982.tb05915.x",
      "article-title": "Control of the ppp(A2\u2032p)nA system in HeLa cells",
      "volume": "124",
      "author": "Silverman",
      "year": "1982",
      "journal-title": "Eur. J. Biochem."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB187",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "291",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0378-1119(93)90282-8",
      "article-title": "Cloning and characterization of a human protein phosphatase 1-encoding cDNA",
      "volume": "129",
      "author": "Song",
      "year": "1993",
      "journal-title": "Gene"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB188",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "363",
      "DOI": "10.1089/jir.1992.12.363",
      "article-title": "Anti-HIV-1 activity of recombinant and hybrid species of interferon alpha",
      "volume": "12",
      "author": "Sperber",
      "year": "1992",
      "journal-title": "J. Interferon Res."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB189",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "16619",
      "DOI": "10.1074/jbc.270.28.16619",
      "article-title": "Calcium depletion from the endoplasmic reticulum activates the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) to inhibit protein synthesis",
      "volume": "270",
      "author": "Srivastava",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "J. Biol. Chem."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB190",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "147",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0065-3527(08)60862-3",
      "article-title": "Interferon induced proteins and the antiviral state",
      "volume": "38",
      "author": "Staehli",
      "year": "1990",
      "journal-title": "Adv. Virus Res."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB191",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "5133",
      "DOI": "10.1128/JVI.66.8.5133-5136.1992",
      "article-title": "Epstein-Barr virus\u2013encoded small RNAs (EBERs) do not modulate interferon effects in infected lymphocytes",
      "volume": "66",
      "author": "Swaminathan",
      "year": "1992",
      "journal-title": "J. Virol."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB192",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "321",
      "DOI": "10.1006/viro.1996.0255",
      "article-title": "Simian virus 40 bypasses the translational block imposed by the phosphorylation of eIF-2\u03b1",
      "volume": "219",
      "author": "Swaminathan",
      "year": "1996",
      "journal-title": "Virology"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB193",
      "unstructured": "Tan, S.-L., Gale, M. J., Jr. and Katze, M. G. (1998) Interaction with P58IPK prevents dimerization of the interferon-induced, dsRNA-activated protein kinase: implications for kinase modulation and Dna J domain function. Mol. Cell. Biol., in press."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB194",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "7995",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.91.17.7995",
      "article-title": "Mechanism of interferon action",
      "volume": "91",
      "author": "Tanaka",
      "year": "1994",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB195",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "6295",
      "DOI": "10.1128/MCB.16.11.6295",
      "article-title": "Autophosphorylation sites participate in the activation of the double-stranded-RNA-activated protein kinase PKR",
      "volume": "16",
      "author": "Taylor",
      "year": "1996",
      "journal-title": "Mol. Cell. Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB196",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "84",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0968-0004(93)80001-R",
      "article-title": "A template for the protein kinase family",
      "volume": "18",
      "author": "Taylor",
      "year": "1993",
      "journal-title": "Trends Biochem. Sci."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB197",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "543",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(82)90310-5",
      "article-title": "Adenovirus VA1 RNA is required for efficient translation of viral mRNAs at late times after infection",
      "volume": "31",
      "author": "Thimmappaya",
      "year": "1982",
      "journal-title": "Cell"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB198",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "5195",
      "DOI": "10.1128/JVI.69.8.5195-5198.1995",
      "article-title": "Mechanism of interferon action",
      "volume": "69",
      "author": "Thomis",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "J. Virol."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB199",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "33",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0042-6822(92)90732-5",
      "article-title": "Mechanism of interferon action",
      "volume": "188",
      "author": "Thomis",
      "year": "1992",
      "journal-title": "Virology"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB200",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2180",
      "DOI": "10.1128/JVI.66.4.2180-2186.1992",
      "article-title": "Reovirus polypeptide \u03c33 and N-terminal myristoylation of polypeptide \u03bc1are required for site-specific cleavage to \u03bc1C in transfected cells",
      "volume": "66",
      "author": "Tillotson",
      "year": "1992",
      "journal-title": "J. Virol."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB201",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "206",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0042-6822(91)90768-7",
      "article-title": "Characterization of a vaccinia virus\u2013encoded double-stranded RNA-binding protein that may be involved in inhibition of the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase",
      "volume": "185",
      "author": "Watson",
      "year": "1991",
      "journal-title": "Virology"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB202",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "171",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0042-6822(84)90020-5",
      "article-title": "Characterization of a specific kinase inhibitory factor produced by vaccinia virus which inhibits the interferon-induced protein kinase activity",
      "volume": "137",
      "author": "Whitaker-Dowling",
      "year": "1984",
      "journal-title": "Virology"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB203",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "191",
      "DOI": "10.1006/smvy.1995.0024",
      "article-title": "The role of the dsRNA-activated kinase, PKR, in signal transduction",
      "volume": "6",
      "author": "Williams",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "Semin. Virol."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB204",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "6095",
      "DOI": "10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb00300.x",
      "article-title": "Deficient signalling in mice devoid of double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase, PKR",
      "volume": "14",
      "author": "Yang",
      "year": "1995",
      "journal-title": "EMBO J."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB205",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "12451",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.93.22.12451",
      "article-title": "An essential role for the interferon-inducible, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase PKR in the tumor necrosis factor-induced apoptosis in U937 cells",
      "volume": "93",
      "author": "Yeung",
      "year": "1996",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB206",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "364",
      "DOI": "10.1006/viro.1997.8664",
      "article-title": "Double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) is regulated by reovirus structural proteins",
      "volume": "234",
      "author": "Yue",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "Virology"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB207",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "3497",
      "DOI": "10.1128/JVI.70.6.3497-3501.1996",
      "article-title": "Regulated, stable expression and nuclear presence of reovirus double-stranded RNA-binding protein \u03c33 in hela cells",
      "volume": "70",
      "author": "Yue",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "J. Virol."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB208",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2361",
      "DOI": "10.1128/MCB.14.4.2361",
      "article-title": "The gadd and MyD genes define a novel set of mammalian genes encoding acidic proteins that synergistically suppress cell growth",
      "volume": "14",
      "author": "Zhan",
      "year": "1994",
      "journal-title": "Mol. Cell. Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB209",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "753",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0092-8674(93)90403-D",
      "article-title": "Expression cloning of 2\u2032-5\u2032 A-dependent RNAase",
      "volume": "72",
      "author": "Zhou",
      "year": "1993",
      "journal-title": "Cell"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB210",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "14434",
      "DOI": "10.1074/jbc.272.22.14434",
      "article-title": "Ribosome targeting of PKR is mediated by two double-stranded RNA-binding domains and facilitates in vivo phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor-2",
      "volume": "272",
      "author": "Zhu",
      "year": "1997",
      "journal-title": "J. Biol. Chem."
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4_BIB211",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "501",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0042-6822(70)90171-6",
      "article-title": "Studies on the intercellular synthesis of reovirus-specified proteins",
      "volume": "44",
      "author": "Zweerink",
      "year": "1970",
      "journal-title": "Virology"
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0163725897001654?httpAccept=text/xml",
      "content-type": "text/xml",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "text-mining"
    },
    {
      "URL": "https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0163725897001654?httpAccept=text/plain",
      "content-type": "text/plain",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "text-mining"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2021,
        5,
        6
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2021-05-06T07:37:04Z",
    "timestamp": 1620286624000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0163725897001654"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1998,
        4
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 211,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "1",
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          1998,
          4
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "alternative-id": [
    "S0163725897001654"
  ],
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00165-4",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "0163-7258"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "container-title-short": "Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics",
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1998,
        4
      ]
    ]
  }
}