DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9. Theoretical studies of enzymic reactions: Dielectric, electrostatic and steric stabilization of the carbonium ion in the reaction of lysozyme

Theoretical studies of enzymic reactions: Dielectric, electrostatic and steric stabilization of the carbonium ion in the reaction of lysozyme

10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9

Crossref journal-article

Elsevier BV

Journal of Molecular Biology (78)

Bibliography

Warshel, A., & Levitt, M. (1976). Theoretical studies of enzymic reactions: Dielectric, electrostatic and steric stabilization of the carbonium ion in the reaction of lysozyme. Journal of Molecular Biology, 103(2), 227â249.

Authors 2

A. Warshel (first)
M. Levitt (additional)

References 39 Referenced 3,929

10.1038/221337a0 / Nature (London) by Blow (1969)
{'key': '10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9_BIB2', 'first-page': '378', 'volume': '167', 'author': 'Blake', 'year': '1967'} by Blake (1967)
10.1007/BF01881023 / Z. Physik by Born (1920)
10.1126/science.165.3892.454 / Science by Chipman (1969)
{'key': '10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9_BIB5', 'first-page': '1', 'volume': '36', 'year': '1972'} (1972)
10.1021/bi00838a045 / Biochemistry by Dahlquist (1969)
{'key': '10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9_BIB7', 'series-title': 'Quantum Chemistry', 'first-page': '474', 'author': 'Daudel', 'year': '1959'} / Quantum Chemistry by Daudel (1959)
10.1063/1.1673041 / J. Chem. Phys by De Paz (1970)
10.1021/ja00706a029 / J. Amer. Chem. Soc by Dewar (1970)
10.1016/0022-2836(74)90598-1 / J. Mol. Biol by Diamond (1974)
{'key': '10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9_BIB11', 'author': 'Dickerson', 'year': '1969'} by Dickerson (1969)
10.1016/0079-6107(70)90017-9 / Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol by Doonan (1970)
10.1016/0022-2836(74)90487-2 / J. Mol. Biol by Ford (1974)
{'key': '10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9_BIB14', 'first-page': '1', 'volume': 'vol. 3', 'author': 'Friedman', 'year': '1973'} by Friedman (1973)
{'key': '10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9_BIB15', 'first-page': '145', 'volume': 'vol. 3', 'author': 'Hepler', 'year': '1973'} by Hepler (1973)
{'key': '10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9_BIB16', 'series-title': 'Peptides, Polypeptides and Proteins', 'first-page': '71', 'author': 'Hopfinger', 'year': '1974'} / Peptides, Polypeptides and Proteins by Hopfinger (1974)
{'key': '10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9_BIB17', 'first-page': '665', 'volume': 'vol. 7', 'author': 'Imoto', 'year': '1972'} by Imoto (1972)
10.1063/1.1750343 / J. Chem. Phys by Kirkwood (1939)
10.1063/1.1750302 / J. Chem. Phys by Kirkwood (1938)
{'key': '10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9_BIB20', 'author': 'Levitt', 'year': '1972'} by Levitt (1972)
10.1016/0022-2836(74)90599-3 / J. Mol. Biol by Levitt (1974)
{'key': '10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9_BIB22', 'series-title': 'Peptides, Polypeptides and Proteins', 'first-page': '99', 'author': 'Levitt', 'year': '1974'} / Peptides, Polypeptides and Proteins by Levitt (1974)
10.1063/1.1670007 / J. Chem. Phys by Lifson (1968)
10.1016/0022-5193(72)90179-8 / J. Theoret. Biol by Loew (1972)
{'key': '10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9_BIB25', 'first-page': '431', 'volume': '167', 'author': 'Lowe', 'year': '1967'} by Lowe (1967)
10.1016/0009-2614(71)80294-4 / Chem. Phys. Lett by McIver (1971)
10.1021/ja01299a050 / J. Amer. Chem. Soc by Onsager (1936)
{'key': '10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9_BIB28', 'first-page': '1678', 'volume': '68', 'author': 'Page', 'year': '1971'} by Page (1971)
10.1038/scientificamerican1166-78 / Sci. Amer by Phillips (1966)
10.1111/j.1399-3011.1972.tb03419.x / Int. J. Prot. Peptide Res by Platzer (1972)
{'key': '10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9_BIB31', 'author': 'Pople', 'year': '1970'} by Pople (1970)
{'key': '10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9_BIB32', 'first-page': '2606', 'volume': '72', 'author': 'Scheiner', 'year': '1975'} by Scheiner (1975)
{'key': '10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9_BIB33', 'first-page': '445', 'volume': '66', 'author': 'Storm', 'year': '1970'} by Storm (1970)
10.1016/0022-5193(73)90057-X / J. Theoret. Biol by Umeyama (1973)
{'key': '10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9_BIB35', 'first-page': '389', 'volume': '167', 'author': 'Vernon', 'year': '1967'} by Vernon (1967)
10.1002/ijch.197300067 / Israel J. Chem by Warshel (1973)
10.1021/ja00771a014 / J. Amer. Chem. Soc by Warshel (1972)
10.1021/ja00825a001 / J. Amer. Chem. Soc by Warshel (1974)
10.1063/1.1674031 / J. Chem. Phys by Warshel (1970)

Dates

Type	When
Created	20 years, 6 months ago (Feb. 10, 2005, 11:58 a.m.)
Deposited	6 years, 6 months ago (Jan. 28, 2019, 12:29 p.m.)
Indexed	1 day, 6 hours ago (Aug. 20, 2025, 9:14 a.m.)
Issued	49 years, 3 months ago (May 1, 1976)
Published	49 years, 3 months ago (May 1, 1976)
Published Print	49 years, 3 months ago (May 1, 1976)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Warshel_1976, title={Theoretical studies of enzymic reactions: Dielectric, electrostatic and steric stabilization of the carbonium ion in the reaction of lysozyme}, volume={103}, ISSN={0022-2836}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9}, DOI={10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Molecular Biology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Warshel, A. and Levitt, M.}, year={1976}, month=may, pages={227–249} }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2025,
        8,
        20
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2025-08-20T13:14:44Z",
    "timestamp": 1755695684349
  },
  "reference-count": 39,
  "publisher": "Elsevier BV",
  "issue": "2",
  "license": [
    {
      "start": {
        "date-parts": [
          [
            1976,
            5,
            1
          ]
        ],
        "date-time": "1976-05-01T00:00:00Z",
        "timestamp": 199756800000
      },
      "content-version": "tdm",
      "delay-in-days": 0,
      "URL": "https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/"
    }
  ],
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [],
    "crossmark-restriction": false
  },
  "published-print": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1976,
        5
      ]
    ]
  },
  "DOI": "10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2005,
        2,
        10
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2005-02-10T16:58:50Z",
    "timestamp": 1108054730000
  },
  "page": "227-249",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 3929,
  "title": "Theoretical studies of enzymic reactions: Dielectric, electrostatic and steric stabilization of the carbonium ion in the reaction of lysozyme",
  "prefix": "10.1016",
  "volume": "103",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "A.",
      "family": "Warshel",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "M.",
      "family": "Levitt",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    }
  ],
  "member": "78",
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9_BIB1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "337",
      "DOI": "10.1038/221337a0",
      "volume": "221",
      "author": "Blow",
      "year": "1969",
      "journal-title": "Nature (London)"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9_BIB2",
      "first-page": "378",
      "volume": "167",
      "author": "Blake",
      "year": "1967"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9_BIB3",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "45",
      "DOI": "10.1007/BF01881023",
      "volume": "1",
      "author": "Born",
      "year": "1920",
      "journal-title": "Z. Physik"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9_BIB4",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "454",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.165.3892.454",
      "volume": "165",
      "author": "Chipman",
      "year": "1969",
      "journal-title": "Science"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9_BIB5",
      "first-page": "1",
      "volume": "36",
      "year": "1972"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9_BIB6",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "4214",
      "DOI": "10.1021/bi00838a045",
      "volume": "8",
      "author": "Dahlquist",
      "year": "1969",
      "journal-title": "Biochemistry"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9_BIB7",
      "series-title": "Quantum Chemistry",
      "first-page": "474",
      "author": "Daudel",
      "year": "1959"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9_BIB8",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "687",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.1673041",
      "volume": "52",
      "author": "De Paz",
      "year": "1970",
      "journal-title": "J. Chem. Phys"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9_BIB9",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "590",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ja00706a029",
      "volume": "92",
      "author": "Dewar",
      "year": "1970",
      "journal-title": "J. Amer. Chem. Soc"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9_BIB10",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "371",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0022-2836(74)90598-1",
      "volume": "82",
      "author": "Diamond",
      "year": "1974",
      "journal-title": "J. Mol. Biol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9_BIB11",
      "author": "Dickerson",
      "year": "1969"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9_BIB12",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "249",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0079-6107(70)90017-9",
      "volume": "20",
      "author": "Doonan",
      "year": "1970",
      "journal-title": "Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9_BIB13",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "349",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0022-2836(74)90487-2",
      "volume": "88",
      "author": "Ford",
      "year": "1974",
      "journal-title": "J. Mol. Biol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9_BIB14",
      "first-page": "1",
      "volume": "vol. 3",
      "author": "Friedman",
      "year": "1973"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9_BIB15",
      "first-page": "145",
      "volume": "vol. 3",
      "author": "Hepler",
      "year": "1973"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9_BIB16",
      "series-title": "Peptides, Polypeptides and Proteins",
      "first-page": "71",
      "author": "Hopfinger",
      "year": "1974"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9_BIB17",
      "first-page": "665",
      "volume": "vol. 7",
      "author": "Imoto",
      "year": "1972"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9_BIB18",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "911",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.1750343",
      "volume": "7",
      "author": "Kirkwood",
      "year": "1939",
      "journal-title": "J. Chem. Phys"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9_BIB19",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "506",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.1750302",
      "volume": "6",
      "author": "Kirkwood",
      "year": "1938",
      "journal-title": "J. Chem. Phys"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9_BIB20",
      "author": "Levitt",
      "year": "1972"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9_BIB21",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "393",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0022-2836(74)90599-3",
      "volume": "82",
      "author": "Levitt",
      "year": "1974",
      "journal-title": "J. Mol. Biol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9_BIB22",
      "series-title": "Peptides, Polypeptides and Proteins",
      "first-page": "99",
      "author": "Levitt",
      "year": "1974"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9_BIB23",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "5116",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.1670007",
      "volume": "49",
      "author": "Lifson",
      "year": "1968",
      "journal-title": "J. Chem. Phys"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9_BIB24",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "89",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0022-5193(72)90179-8",
      "volume": "36",
      "author": "Loew",
      "year": "1972",
      "journal-title": "J. Theoret. Biol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9_BIB25",
      "first-page": "431",
      "volume": "167",
      "author": "Lowe",
      "year": "1967"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9_BIB26",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "303",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0009-2614(71)80294-4",
      "volume": "10",
      "author": "McIver",
      "year": "1971",
      "journal-title": "Chem. Phys. Lett"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9_BIB27",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1486",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ja01299a050",
      "volume": "58",
      "author": "Onsager",
      "year": "1936",
      "journal-title": "J. Amer. Chem. Soc"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9_BIB28",
      "first-page": "1678",
      "volume": "68",
      "author": "Page",
      "year": "1971"
    },
    {
      "issue": "5",
      "key": "10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9_BIB29",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "78",
      "DOI": "10.1038/scientificamerican1166-78",
      "volume": "215",
      "author": "Phillips",
      "year": "1966",
      "journal-title": "Sci. Amer"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9_BIB30",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "187",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1399-3011.1972.tb03419.x",
      "volume": "4",
      "author": "Platzer",
      "year": "1972",
      "journal-title": "Int. J. Prot. Peptide Res"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9_BIB31",
      "author": "Pople",
      "year": "1970"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9_BIB32",
      "first-page": "2606",
      "volume": "72",
      "author": "Scheiner",
      "year": "1975"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9_BIB33",
      "first-page": "445",
      "volume": "66",
      "author": "Storm",
      "year": "1970"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9_BIB34",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "485",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0022-5193(73)90057-X",
      "volume": "41",
      "author": "Umeyama",
      "year": "1973",
      "journal-title": "J. Theoret. Biol"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9_BIB35",
      "first-page": "389",
      "volume": "167",
      "author": "Vernon",
      "year": "1967"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9_BIB36",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "709",
      "DOI": "10.1002/ijch.197300067",
      "volume": "11",
      "author": "Warshel",
      "year": "1973",
      "journal-title": "Israel J. Chem"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9_BIB37",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "5612",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ja00771a014",
      "volume": "94",
      "author": "Warshel",
      "year": "1972",
      "journal-title": "J. Amer. Chem. Soc"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9_BIB38",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "5677",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ja00825a001",
      "volume": "96",
      "author": "Warshel",
      "year": "1974",
      "journal-title": "J. Amer. Chem. Soc"
    },
    {
      "key": "10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9_BIB39",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "582",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.1674031",
      "volume": "53",
      "author": "Warshel",
      "year": "1970",
      "journal-title": "J. Chem. Phys"
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "Journal of Molecular Biology",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:0022283676903119?httpAccept=text/xml",
      "content-type": "text/xml",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "text-mining"
    },
    {
      "URL": "https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:0022283676903119?httpAccept=text/plain",
      "content-type": "text/plain",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "text-mining"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2019,
        1,
        28
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2019-01-28T17:29:04Z",
    "timestamp": 1548696544000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0022283676903119"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1976,
        5
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 39,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "2",
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          1976,
          5
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "alternative-id": [
    "0022283676903119"
  ],
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "0022-2836"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "container-title-short": "Journal of Molecular Biology",
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1976,
        5
      ]
    ]
  }
}