DOI: 10.1007/s12541-010-0020-5. A review of adhesion and friction models for gecko feet

A review of adhesion and friction models for gecko feet

10.1007/s12541-010-0020-5

Crossref journal-article

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing (297)

Bibliography

Kwak, J.-S., & Kim, T.-W. (2010). A review of adhesion and friction models for gecko feet. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing, 11(1), 171â186.

Authors 2

Jae-Seob Kwak (first)
Tae-Wan Kim (additional)

References 106 Referenced 57

Aristotle, “Historia Animalium,” Trans. Thompson, D. A. W., 1918.
Autumn, K., Liang, Y. A., Hsieh, S. T., Zesch, W., Chan, W. P., Kenny, T. W., Fearing, R. and Full, R. J., “Adhesive force of a single gecko foot-hair,” Nature, Vol. 405, No. 6787, pp. 681–685, 2000. (10.1038/35015073) / Nature by K. Autumn (2000)
Autumn, K., Sitti, M., Liang, Y. A., Peattie, A. M., Hansen, W. R., Sponberg, S., Kenny, T. W., Fearing, R., Israelachvili, J. N. and Full, R. J., “Evidence for van der Waals adhesion in gecko setae,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Vol. 99, No. 19, pp. 12252–12256, 2002. (10.1073/pnas.192252799) / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA by K. Autumn (2002)
Huber, G., Mantz, H., Spolenak, R., Mecke, K., Jacobs, K., Gorb, S. N. and Arzt, E., “Evidence for capillarity contributions to gecko adhesion from single spatula and nanomechanical measurements,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Vol. 102, No. 45, pp. 16293–16296, 2005. (10.1073/pnas.0506328102) / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA by G. Huber (2005)
Sun, W., Neuzil, P., Kustandi, T. S., Oh, S. and Samper, V. D., “The nature of the gecko lizard adhesive force,” Biophys. J. Vol. 89, No. 2, pp. 14–17, 2005. (10.1529/biophysj.105.065268) / Biophys. J. by W. Sun (2005)
Kluge, A. G., “Gekkotan lizard taxonomy,” Hamadryad, Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 1–209, 2001. / Hamadryad by A. G. Kluge (2001)
Han, D., Zhou, K. and Bauer, A. M., “Phylogenetic relationships among gekkotan lizards inferred from C-mos nuclear DNA sequences and a new classification of the Gekkota,” Biol. J. Linn. Soc., Vol. 83, No. 3, pp. 353–368, 2004. (10.1111/j.1095-8312.2004.00393.x) / Biol. J. Linn. Soc. by D. Han (2004)
Ruibal, R. and Ernst, V., “The structure of the digital setae of lizards,” J. Morph., Vol. 117, No. 3, pp. 271–294, 1965. (10.1002/jmor.1051170302) / J. Morph. by R. Ruibal (1965)
Hiller, U., “Untersuchungen zum Feinbau und zur Funktion der Haftborsten von Reptilien,” Z. Morphol. Tiere., Vol. 62, No. 4, pp. 307–362, 1968. (10.1007/BF00401561) / Z. Morphol. Tiere. by U. Hiller (1968)
Irschick, D. J., Austin, C. C., Petren, K., Fisher, R. N., Losos, J. B. and Ellers, O., “A comparative analysis of clinging ability among pad-bearing lizards,” Biol. J. Linn. Soc., Vol. 59, No. 1, pp. 21–35, 1996. (10.1111/j.1095-8312.1996.tb01451.x) / Biol. J. Linn. Soc. by D. J. Irschick (1996)
Tinkle, D. W., “Gecko,” Encylcopedia Americana, Grolier, Vol. 12, p. 359, 1992. / Encylcopedia Americana, Grolier by D. W. Tinkle (1992)
Russell, A. P., “A contribution to the functional morphology of the foot of the tokay, Gekko gecko,” J. Zool. Lond., Vol. 176, No. 3, pp. 437–476, 1975. (10.1111/j.1469-7998.1975.tb03215.x) / J. Zool. Lond. by A. P. Russell (1975)
Russell, A. P., “The morphological basis of weight-bearing in the scansors of the tokay gecko,” Can. J. Zool., Vol. 64, No. 4, pp. 948–955, 1986. (10.1139/z86-144) / Can. J. Zool. by A. P. Russell (1986)
Williams, E. E. and Peterson, J. A., “Convergent and alternative designs in the digital adhesive pads of scincid lizards,” Science, Vol. 215, No. 4539, pp. 1509–1511, 1982. (10.1126/science.215.4539.1509) / Science by E. E. Williams (1982)
Schleich, H. H. and Köstle, W., “Ultrastrukturen an Gecko-Zehen,” Amphibia Reptilia, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 141–166, 1986. (10.1163/156853886X00361) / Amphibia Reptilia by H. H. Schleich (1986)
Autumn, K. and Peattie, A. M., “Mechanisms of adhesion in geckos,” Integr. Comp. Biol., Vol. 42, No. 6, pp. 1081–1090, 2002. (10.1093/icb/42.6.1081) / Integr. Comp. Biol. by K. Autumn (2002)
Arzt, E., Gorb, S. and Spolenak, R., “From micro to nano contacts in biological attachment devices,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Vol. 100, No. 19, pp. 10603–10606, 2003. (10.1073/pnas.1534701100) / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA by E. Arzt (2003)
Wagler, J., “Naturliches System der Amphibien,” J. G. Cotta’schen Buchhandlung, 1830.
Simmermacher, G.., “Untersuchungen uber haftapparate an tarsalgliedern von insekten,” Zeitschr. Wiss. Zool., Vol. 40, No. 7, pp. 481–556, 1884. / Zeitschr. Wiss. Zool. by G. Simmermacher (1884)
Schmidt, H. R., “Zur Anatomie und Physiologie der Geckopfote,” Jena. Z. Naturw., Vol. 39, No. 3, p. 551, 1904. / Jena. Z. Naturw. by H. R. Schmidt (1904)
Hora, S. L., “The adhesive apparatus on the toes of certain geckos and tree frogs,” J. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Beng., Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 137–145, 1923. / J. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Beng. by S. L. Hora (1923)
Dellit, W. D., “Zur anatomie und physiologie der Geckozehe,” Jena. Z. Naturw., Vol. 68, No. 3, pp. 613–658, 1934. / Jena. Z. Naturw. by W. D. Dellit (1934)
Gennaro, J. G. J., “The gecko grip,” Nat. Hist., Vol. 78, No. 1, pp. 36–43, 1969. / Nat. Hist. by J. G. J. Gennaro (1969)
Stork, N. E., “Experimental analysis of adhesion of Chrysolina polita on a variety of surfaces,” J. Exp. Biol., Vol. 88, No. 1, pp. 91–107, 1980. (10.1242/jeb.88.1.91) / J. Exp. Biol. by N. E. Stork (1980)
Bergmann, P. J. and Irschick, D. J., “Effects of temperature on maximum clinging ability in a diurnal gecko: evidence for a passive clinging mechanism?” J. Exp. Zool., Vol. 303A, No. 9, pp. 785–791, 2005. (10.1002/jez.a.210) / J. Exp. Zool. by P. J. Bergmann (2005)
Huber, G., Gorb, S. N., Spolenak, R. and Arzt, E., “Resolving the nanoscale adhesion of individual gecko spatulae by atomic force microscopy,” Biol. Lett., Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 2–4, 2005. (10.1098/rsbl.2004.0254) / Biol. Lett. by G. Huber (2005)
Israelachvili, J. N., “Intermolecular and Surface Forces: 2nd edition,” Academic, 1992.
Kim, T. W. and Bhushan, B., “The adhesion model considering capillarity for gecko attachment system,” J. Royal Soc. Interface, Vol. 5, No. 20, pp. 319–327, 2008. (10.1098/rsif.2007.1078) / J. Royal Soc. Interface by T. W. Kim (2008)
Kim, T. W. and Bhushan, B., “Adhesion analysis of multilevel hierarchical attachment system contacting with rough surface,” J. Adhesion Sci. Technol., Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 1–20, 2007. (10.1163/156856107779976097) / J. Adhesion Sci. Technol. by T. W. Kim (2007)
Kim, T. W. and Bhushan, B., “Effect of stiffness of multi-level hierarchical attachment system on adhesion enhancement,” Ultramicroscopy, Vol. 107, No. 10–11, pp. 902–912, 2007. (10.1016/j.ultramic.2006.11.008) / Ultramicroscopy by T. W. Kim (2007)
Sitti, M. and Fearing, R. S., “Synthetic gecko foot-hair for micro/nano structures as dry adhesives,” J. Adhesion Sci. Technol., Vol. 18, No. 8, pp. 1055–1074, 2003. (10.1163/156856103322113788) / J. Adhesion Sci. Technol. by M. Sitti (2003)
Gao, H., Wang, X., Yao, H., Gorb, S. and Arzt, E., “Mechanics of hierarchical adhesion structures of geckos,” Mech. Mater., Vol. 37, No. 2–3, pp. 275–285, 2005. (10.1016/j.mechmat.2004.03.008) / Mech. Mater. by H. Gao (2005)
Glassmaker, N. J., Jagota, A., Hui, C. Y. and Kim, J., “Design of biomimetic fibrillar interfaces: 1. Making contact,” J. R. Soc. Interface, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 23–33, 2004. (10.1098/rsif.2004.0004) / J. R. Soc. Interface by N. J. Glassmaker (2004)
Persson, B. N. J., “On the mechanism of adhesion in biological systems,” J. Chem. Phys., Vol. 118, No. 16, pp. 7614–7621, 2003. (10.1063/1.1562192) / J. Chem. Phys. by B. N. J. Persson (2003)
Glassmaker, N. J., Jagota, A. and Hui, C. Y., “Adhesion enhancement in a biomimetic fibrillar interface,” Acta Biomaterialia, Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 367–375, 2005. (10.1016/j.actbio.2005.02.005) / Acta Biomaterialia by N. J. Glassmaker (2005)
Yao, H. and Gao, H., “Mechanics of robust and releasable adhesion in biology: bottom-up designed hierarchical structures of gecko,” J. Mech. Phys. Solids, Vol. 54, No. 6, pp. 1120–1146, 2006. (10.1016/j.jmps.2006.01.002) / J. Mech. Phys. Solids by H. Yao (2006)
Jagota, A. and Bennison, S. J., “Mechanics of adhesion through a fibrillar microstructure,” Integr. Comp. Biol., Vol. 42, No. 6, pp. 1140–1145, 2002. (10.1093/icb/42.6.1140) / Integr. Comp. Biol. by A. Jagota (2002)
Bhushan, B., Peressadko, A. G. and Kim, T. W., “Adhesion analysis of two-level hierarchical morphology in natural attachment systems for ’smart adhesion’,” J. Adhesion Sci. Technol., Vol. 20, No. 13, pp. 1475–1491, 2006. (10.1163/156856106778666408) / J. Adhesion Sci. Technol. by B. Bhushan (2006)
Shah, G. J. and Sitti, M., “Modeling and design of biomimetic adhesives inspired by gecko foot-hairs,” Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Robotics and Biomimetics, pp. 873–878, 2004. (10.1109/ROBIO.2004.1521899)
Spolenak, R., Gorb, S. and Arzt, E., “Adhesion design maps for bio-inspired attachment systems,” Acta Biomaterialia, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 5–13, 2005. (10.1016/j.actbio.2004.08.004) / Acta Biomaterialia by R. Spolenak (2005)
Kim, T. W. and Bhushan, B., “Optimization of Biomimetic Attachment System Contacting with a Rough Surface,” J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A, Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 1003–1012, 2007. (10.1116/1.2435389) / J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A by T. W. Kim (2007)
Majidi, C., Groff, R. E., Autumn, K., Baek, S., Bush, B., Gravish, N., Maboudian, R., Maeno, Y., Schubert, B., Wilkinson, M. and Fearing, R. S., “High friction from a stiff polymer using micro-fiber arrays,” Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 97, No. 7, Paper No. 076103, 2006.
Autumn, K., Dittmore, A., Santos, D., Spenko, M. and Cutkosky, M., “Frictional Adhesion: a new angle on gecko attachment,” J. Exp. Biol., Vol. 209, No. 18, pp. 3569–3579, 2006. (10.1242/jeb.02486) / J. Exp. Biol. by K. Autumn (2006)
Tian, Y., Pesika, N. S., Zhao, B., Rosenberg, K., Zeng, H., McGuiggan, P., Autumn, K. and Israelachvili, J. N., “Adhesion and Friction in gecko toe attachment and detachment,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Vol. 103, No. 51, pp. 19320–19325, 2006. (10.1073/pnas.0608841103) / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA by Y. Tian (2006)
Santos, D., Spenko, M., Parness, A., Kim, S. and Cutkosky, M., “Directional adhesion for climbing: theoretical and practical considerations,” J. Adhesion Sci. Technol., Vol. 21, No. 12–13, pp. 1317–1341, 2007. (10.1163/156856107782328399) / J. Adhesion Sci. Technol. by D. Santos (2007)
Kendall, K., “Thin-film peeling — the elastic term,” J. Phys. D, Vol. 8, No. 13, pp. 1449–4452, 1975. (10.1088/0022-3727/8/13/005) / J. Phys. D by K. Kendall (1975)
Persson, B. N. J. and Gorb, S., “The effect of surface roughness on the adhesion of elastic plates with application to biological systems,” J. Chem. Phys., Vol. 119, No. 21, pp. 11437–11444, 2003. (10.1063/1.1621854) / J. Chem. Phys. by B. N. J. Persson (2003)
Spolenak, R., Gorb, S., Gao, H. and Arzt, E., “Effects of contact shape on the scaling of biological attachments,” Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A, Vol. 461, No. 2054, pp. 1–15, 2005. (10.1098/rspa.2004.1326) / Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A by R. Spolenak (2005)
Maderson, P. F. A., “Keratinized epidermal derivatives as an aid to climbing in gekkonid lizards,” Nature, Vol. 203, pp. 780–781, 1964. (10.1038/203780a0) / Nature by P. F. A. Maderson (1964)
Rizzo, N., Gardner, K., Walls, D., Keiper-Hrynko, N. and Hallahan, D., “Characterization of the. structure and composition of gecko adhesive setae,” J. Royal Soc. Interface, Vol. 3, No. 8, pp. 441–451, 2006. (10.1098/rsif.2005.0097) / J. Royal Soc. Interface by N. Rizzo (2006)
Bhushan, B., “Introduction to Tribology,” Wiley, pp. 154–156, 2002.
Bhushan, B., “Introduction to Nanotribology and Nanomechanics,” Springer-Verlag, pp. 354–368, 2005. (10.1007/3-540-28248-3)
Johnson, K. L., Kendall, K. and Roberts, A. D., “Surface energy and the contact of elastic solids,” Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A., Vol. 324, No. 1558, pp. 301–313, 1971. (10.1098/rspa.1971.0141) / Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A. by K. L. Johnson (1971)
Bhushan, B., “Principles and Applications of Tribology,” Wiley, pp. 303–311, 1999.
Orr, F. M., Scriven, L. E. and Rivas, A. P., “Pendular rings between solids: meniscus properties and capillary force,” J. Fluid Mech., Vol. 67, No. 4, pp. 723–742, 1975. (10.1017/S0022112075000572) / J. Fluid Mech. by F. M. Orr (1975)
Bertram, J. E. A. and Gosline, J. M., “Functional design of horse hoof keratin: the modulation of mechanical properties through hydration effects,” J. Exp. Biol., Vol. 130, No. 1, pp. 121–136, 1987. (10.1242/jeb.130.1.121) / J. Exp. Biol. by J. E. A. Bertram (1987)
Autumn, K., Majidi, C., Groff, R. E., Dittmore, A. and Fearing, R., “Effective elastic modulus of isolated gecko setal arrays,” J. Exp. Biol., Vol. 209, No. 18, pp. 3558–3568, 2006. (10.1242/jeb.02469) / J. Exp. Biol. by K. Autumn (2006)
Bikerman, J. J., “The Science of Adhesive Joints,” Academic, 1961.
Zisman, W. A., “Influence of constitution on adhesion,” Ind. Eng. Chem., Vol. 55, No. 10, pp. 18–38, 1963. (10.1021/ie50646a003) / Ind. Eng. Chem. by W. A. Zisman (1963)
Houwink, R. and Salomon, G., “Effect of contamination on the adhesion of metallic couples in ultra high vacuum,” J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 38, No. 4, pp. 1896–1904, 1967. (10.1063/1.1709780) / J. Appl. Phys. by R. Houwink (1967)
Bhushan, B., “Springer Handbook of Nanotechnology, 2nd Ed.,” Springer-Verlag, pp. 605–624, 2006. (10.1007/978-3-540-29857-1)
Hamaker, H. C., “London van der Waals attraction between spherical bodies,” Physica, Vol. 4, No. 10, p. 1058, 1937. (10.1016/S0031-8914(37)80203-7) / Physica by H. C. Hamaker (1937)
Israelachvili, J. N. and Tabor, D., “The measurement of Van der Waals dispersion forces in the range of 1.5 to 130 nm,” Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A, Vol. 331, No. 1584, pp. 19–38, 1972. (10.1098/rspa.1972.0162) / Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A by J. N. Israelachvili (1972)
Zimon, A. D., “Adhesion of Dust and Powder, translated from Russian by M. Corn,” Adhesion Science and Technology, 1969. (10.1007/978-1-4899-6600-1)
Fan, P. L. and O’Brien, M. J., “Adhesion in deformable isolated capillaries,” Adhesion Science and Technology, 1975. (10.1007/978-1-4613-4331-8_14)
Phipps, P. B. and Rice, D. W., “Role of water in atmospheric corrosion,” ACS Symposium Series, No. 89, 1979. (10.1021/bk-1979-0089.ch008)
Derjaguin, B. V., Muller, V. M. and Toporov, Y. P., “Effect of contact deformation on the adhesion of particles,” J. Colloid Interface Sci., Vol. 53, No. 2, pp. 314–326, 1975. (10.1016/0021-9797(75)90018-1) / J. Colloid Interface Sci. by B. V. Derjaguin (1975)
Wan, K. T., Smith, D. T. and Lawn, B. R., “Fracture and contact adhesion energies of mica-mica, silica-silica, and mica-silica interfaces in dry and moist atmospheres,” J. Am. Ceram. Soc., Vol. 75, No. 3, pp. 667–676, 1992. (10.1111/j.1151-2916.1992.tb07857.x) / J. Am. Ceram. Soc. by K. T. Wan (1992)
Federle, W., “Why so many adhesive pads hairy?” J. Exp. Biol., Vol. 209, No. 14, pp. 2611–2621, 2006. (10.1242/jeb.02323) / J. Exp. Biol. by W. Federle (2006)
Griffith, A. A., “The phenomena of rupture and flow in solids,” Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A, Vol. 221, pp. 163–198, 1921. (10.1098/rsta.1921.0006) / Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A by A. A. Griffith (1921)
Gao, H., Ji, B., Jaeger, I. L., Arzt, E. and Fratzl, P., “Materials become insensitive to flaws at nanoscale: lessons from nature,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Vol. 100, No. 10, pp. 5597–5600, 2003. (10.1073/pnas.0631609100) / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA by H. Gao (2003)
Gao, H. and Yao, H., “Shape insensitive optimal adhesion of nanoscale fibrillar structures,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Vol. 101, No. 21, pp. 7851–7856, 2004. (10.1073/pnas.0400757101) / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA by H. Gao (2004)
Hui, C. Y., Glassmaker, N. J., Tang, T. and Jagota, A., “Design of biomimetic fibrillar interfaces: 2. Mechanics of enhanced adhesion,” J. R. Soc. Interface, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 35–48, 2004. (10.1098/rsif.2004.0005) / J. R. Soc. Interface by C. Y. Hui (2004)
Huber, G., Gorb, S. N., Hosoda, N., Spolenak, R. and Arzt, E., “Influence of surface roughness on gecko adhesion,” Acta Biomaterialia, Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 607–610, 2007. (10.1016/j.actbio.2007.01.007) / Acta Biomaterialia by G. Huber (2007)
Hui, C. Y., Glassmaker, N. J. and Jagota, A., “How compliance compensates for surface roughness in fibrillar adhesion,” J. Adhesion, Vol. 81, No. 7–8, pp. 699–721, 2005. (10.1080/00218460500187673) / J. Adhesion by C. Y. Hui (2005)
Northen, M. T. and Turner, K. L., “A batch fabricated biomimetic dry adhesive,” Nanotechnology, Vol. 16, No. 8, pp. 1159–1166, 2005. (10.1088/0957-4484/16/8/030) / Nanotechnology by M. T. Northen (2005)
Northen, M. T. and Turner, K. L., “Meso-scale adhesion testing of integrated micro- and nano-scale structures,” Sensors and Actuators A, Vol. 130–131, No. 8, pp. 583–587, 2006. (10.1016/j.sna.2005.10.032) / Sensors and Actuators A by M. T. Northen (2006)
Sitti, M., “High aspect ratio polymer micro/nano-structure manufacturing using nanoembossing, nanomolding and directed self-assembly,” Proc. IEEE/ASME Advanced Mechatronics Conf., Vol. 2, pp. 886–890, 2003. / Proc. IEEE/ASME Advanced Mechatronics Conf. by M. Sitti (2003)
Jeong, H. E., Lee, S. H., Kim, J. K. and Suh, K. Y., “Nanoengineered Multiscale Hierarchical Structures with Tailored Wetting Properties,” Langmuir, Vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 1640–1645, 2006. (10.1021/la0526434) / Langmuir by H. E. Jeong (2006)
del Campo, A. and Arzt, E., “Design parameter and current fabrication approaches for developing bioinspired dry adhesives,” Macromol. Biosci., Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 118–127, 2007. (10.1002/mabi.200600214) / Macromol. Biosci. by A. Campo del (2007)
Aksak, B., Sitti, M., Casell, A., Li, J., Meyyappan, M. and Callen, P., “Friction of partially embedded vertically aligned carbon nanofibers inside elastomers,” Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 91, No. 6, Paper No. 061906, 2007.
Autumn, K., “Properties, Principles, and Parameters of the Gecko Adhesive System,” Biological Adhesives, pp. 225–256, 2006. (10.1007/978-3-540-31049-5_12)
Zhao, B., Pesika, N. S., Tian, Y., Rosenberg, K., Zeng, H., McGuiggan, P., Autumn, K. and Israelachvili, J. N., “Adhesion and Friction force coupling of gecko setal arrays: Implications for structured adhesive surfaces,” Langmuir, Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 1517–1524, 2008. (10.1021/la702126k) / Langmuir by B. Zhao (2008)
Pesika, N., Tian, Y., Zhao, B., Rosenberg, K., Zeng, H., McGuiggan, P., Autumn, K. and Israelachvili, J. N., “Peelzone model of tape peeling based on the gecko adhesive system,” J. Adhesion, Vol. 83, No. 4, pp. 383–401, 2007. (10.1080/00218460701282539) / J. Adhesion by N. Pesika (2007)
Moore, D. F., “The friction and lubrication of Elastomers,” Pergamon, 1972.
Bhushan, B., Sharma, B. S. and Bradshaw, R. L., “Friction in Magenetic Tapes I: Assessment of relevant theory,” ASLE Trans., Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 33–44, 1984. (10.1080/05698198408981542) / ASLE Trans. by B. Bhushan (1984)
Makinson, K. R., “On the cause of frictional difference of the wool fiber,” Trans. Faraday Soc., Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 279–282, 1948. (10.1039/tf9484400279) / Trans. Faraday Soc. by K. R. Makinson (1948)
McFarlane, J. S. and Tabor, D., “Adhesion of solids and the effects of surface films,” Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A., Vol. 202, No. 1069, pp. 224–243, 1950. (10.1098/rspa.1950.0096) / Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A. by J. S. McFarlane (1950)
Tabor, D., “Adhesion and friction, in The Properties of Diamond,” Academic, pp. 325–348, 1979.
Bhushan, B. and Ruan, J., “Atomic-scale friction measurements using friction force microscopy: Part II — Application to magnetic media,” ASME J. Tribol., Vol. 116, No. 3, pp. 452–458, 1994. / ASME J. Tribol. by B. Bhushan (1994)
Tanaka, K., “Friction and deformation of polymers,” J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., Vol. 16, No. 10, pp. 2003–2016, 1961. (10.1143/JPSJ.16.2003) / J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. by K. Tanaka (1961)
Hegmon, R. R., “The contribution of deformation losses to rubber friction,” Rubber Chem. and Technol., Vol. 42, No. 4, pp. 1122–1135, 1969. (10.5254/1.3539283) / Rubber Chem. and Technol. by R. R. Hegmon (1969)
Bhushan, B. and Zhao, Z., “Macro- and microscale tribological studies of molecularly-thick boundary layers of perfuluoropolyether Lubricants for magnetic thin-film rigid disks,” J. Info. Storage proc. Syst., Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 1–21, 1999. / J. Info. Storage proc. Syst. by B. Bhushan (1999)
Sitti, M. and Fearing, R. S., “Synthetic gecko foot-hair for micro/nano structures for future wall-climbing robots,” Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Robotics and Automation, pp. 1164–1170, 2003. (10.1109/ROBOT.2003.1241750)
Menon, C., Murphy, M. and Sitti, M., “Gecko inspired surface climbing robots,” Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Robotics and Biomimetics, pp. 431–436, 2004. (10.1109/ROBIO.2004.1521817)
Autumn, K., Buehler, M., Cutkosky, M., Fearing, R., Full, R. J., Goldman, D., Groff, R., Provancher, W., Rizzi, A. A., Sranli, U., Saunders, A. and Koditschek, D. E., “Robotics in scansorial environments,” Proc. SPIE, Vol. 5804, pp. 291–302, 2005. (10.1117/12.606157) / Proc. SPIE by K. Autumn (2005)
Kim, S., Spenko, M., Trujillo, S., Heyneman, B., Mattoli, V. and Cutkosky, M. R., “Whole body adhesion: hierarchical, directional and distributed control of adhesive forces for a climbing robot,” Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Robotics and Automation, pp. 1268–1273, 2007. (10.1109/ROBOT.2007.363159)
Geim, A. K., Dubonos, S. V., Grigorieva, I. V., Novoselov, K. S., Zhukov, A. A. and Shapoval, S. Y., “Microfabricated adhesive mimicking gecko foot-hair,” Nat. Mater., Vol. 2, No. 7, pp. 461–463, 2003. (10.1038/nmat917) / Nat. Mater. by A. K. Geim (2003)
Yurdumakan, B., Raravikar, N. R., Ajayan, P. M. and Dhinojwala, A., “Synthetic gecko foot-hairs from multiwalled carbon nanotubes,” Chem. Comm., pp. 3799–3801, 2005.
Bhushan, B. and Sayer, R. A., “Surface characterization and friction of a bio-inspired reversible adhesive tape,” Microsyst. Technol., Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 71–78, 2007. (10.1007/s00542-006-0256-2) / Microsyst. Technol. by B. Bhushan (2007)
Burton, Z. and Bhushan, B., “Hydrophobicity, adhesion, and friction properties of nanopatterned polymers and scale dependence for micro- and nanoelectromechanical systems,” Nano Letters, Vol. 5, No. 8, pp. 1607–1613, 2005. (10.1021/nl050861b) / Nano Letters by Z. Burton (2005)
Zhao, Y., Tong, T., Delzeit, L., Kashani, A., Meyyappan, M. and Majumdar, A., “Interfacial energy and strength of multiwalled-carbon-nanotube-based dry adhesive,” J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 331–335, 2006. (10.1116/1.2163891) / J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B by Y. Zhao (2006)
Kim, T. I., Jeong, H. E., Suh, K. Y. and Lee, H. H., “Stooped Nanohairs: Geometry-Controllable, Unidirectional, Reversible, Robust Gecko-like Dry Adhesive,” Adv. Mater., Vol. 21, No. 22, pp. 2276–2281, 2009. (10.1002/adma.200803710) / Adv. Mater. by T. I. Kim (2009)
Jeong, H. E., Lee, J. K., Kim, H. N., Moon, S. H. and Suh, K. Y., “A nontransferring dry adhesive with hierarchical polymer nanohairs,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Vol. 106, No. 14, pp. 5639–5644, 2009. (10.1073/pnas.0900323106) / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA by H. E. Jeong (2009)
Murphy, M. P., Kim, S. and Sitti, M, “Enhanced adhesion by gecko-inspired hierarchical fibrillar adhesives,” ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 849–855, 2009. (10.1021/am8002439) / ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces by M. P. Murphy (2009)
Kobayashi, H., Moronuki, N. and Kaneko, A., “Self-assembly of Fine Particles Applied to the Production of Antireflective Surfaces,” Int. J. Prec. Eng. Manuf., Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 25–29, 2008. / Int. J. Prec. Eng. Manuf. by H. Kobayashi (2008)

Dates

Type	When
Created	15 years, 4 months ago (April 16, 2010, 4:13 a.m.)
Deposited	3 years, 10 months ago (Oct. 26, 2021, 1:09 a.m.)
Indexed	1 month ago (Aug. 2, 2025, 12:50 a.m.)
Issued	15 years, 7 months ago (Feb. 1, 2010)
Published	15 years, 7 months ago (Feb. 1, 2010)
Published Online	15 years, 4 months ago (April 17, 2010)
Published Print	15 years, 7 months ago (Feb. 1, 2010)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Kwak_2010, title={A review of adhesion and friction models for gecko feet}, volume={11}, ISSN={2005-4602}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12541-010-0020-5}, DOI={10.1007/s12541-010-0020-5}, number={1}, journal={International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Kwak, Jae-Seob and Kim, Tae-Wan}, year={2010}, month=feb, pages={171–186} }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2025,
        8,
        2
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2025-08-02T04:50:34Z",
    "timestamp": 1754110234929
  },
  "reference-count": 106,
  "publisher": "Springer Science and Business Media LLC",
  "issue": "1",
  "license": [
    {
      "start": {
        "date-parts": [
          [
            2010,
            2,
            1
          ]
        ],
        "date-time": "2010-02-01T00:00:00Z",
        "timestamp": 1264982400000
      },
      "content-version": "tdm",
      "delay-in-days": 0,
      "URL": "http://www.springer.com/tdm"
    }
  ],
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [],
    "crossmark-restriction": false
  },
  "published-print": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2010,
        2
      ]
    ]
  },
  "DOI": "10.1007/s12541-010-0020-5",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2010,
        4,
        16
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2010-04-16T08:13:43Z",
    "timestamp": 1271405623000
  },
  "page": "171-186",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 57,
  "title": "A review of adhesion and friction models for gecko feet",
  "prefix": "10.1007",
  "volume": "11",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "Jae-Seob",
      "family": "Kwak",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Tae-Wan",
      "family": "Kim",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    }
  ],
  "member": "297",
  "published-online": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2010,
        4,
        17
      ]
    ]
  },
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "20_CR1",
      "unstructured": "Aristotle, \u201cHistoria Animalium,\u201d Trans. Thompson, D. A. W., 1918."
    },
    {
      "issue": "6787",
      "key": "20_CR2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "681",
      "DOI": "10.1038/35015073",
      "volume": "405",
      "author": "K. Autumn",
      "year": "2000",
      "unstructured": "Autumn, K., Liang, Y. A., Hsieh, S. T., Zesch, W., Chan, W. P., Kenny, T. W., Fearing, R. and Full, R. J., \u201cAdhesive force of a single gecko foot-hair,\u201d Nature, Vol. 405, No. 6787, pp. 681\u2013685, 2000.",
      "journal-title": "Nature"
    },
    {
      "issue": "19",
      "key": "20_CR3",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "12252",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.192252799",
      "volume": "99",
      "author": "K. Autumn",
      "year": "2002",
      "unstructured": "Autumn, K., Sitti, M., Liang, Y. A., Peattie, A. M., Hansen, W. R., Sponberg, S., Kenny, T. W., Fearing, R., Israelachvili, J. N. and Full, R. J., \u201cEvidence for van der Waals adhesion in gecko setae,\u201d Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Vol. 99, No. 19, pp. 12252\u201312256, 2002.",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"
    },
    {
      "issue": "45",
      "key": "20_CR4",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "16293",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.0506328102",
      "volume": "102",
      "author": "G. Huber",
      "year": "2005",
      "unstructured": "Huber, G., Mantz, H., Spolenak, R., Mecke, K., Jacobs, K., Gorb, S. N. and Arzt, E., \u201cEvidence for capillarity contributions to gecko adhesion from single spatula and nanomechanical measurements,\u201d Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Vol. 102, No. 45, pp. 16293\u201316296, 2005.",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"
    },
    {
      "issue": "2",
      "key": "20_CR5",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "14",
      "DOI": "10.1529/biophysj.105.065268",
      "volume": "89",
      "author": "W. Sun",
      "year": "2005",
      "unstructured": "Sun, W., Neuzil, P., Kustandi, T. S., Oh, S. and Samper, V. D., \u201cThe nature of the gecko lizard adhesive force,\u201d Biophys. J. Vol. 89, No. 2, pp. 14\u201317, 2005.",
      "journal-title": "Biophys. J."
    },
    {
      "issue": "1",
      "key": "20_CR6",
      "first-page": "1",
      "volume": "26",
      "author": "A. G. Kluge",
      "year": "2001",
      "unstructured": "Kluge, A. G., \u201cGekkotan lizard taxonomy,\u201d Hamadryad, Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 1\u2013209, 2001.",
      "journal-title": "Hamadryad"
    },
    {
      "issue": "3",
      "key": "20_CR7",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "353",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1095-8312.2004.00393.x",
      "volume": "83",
      "author": "D. Han",
      "year": "2004",
      "unstructured": "Han, D., Zhou, K. and Bauer, A. M., \u201cPhylogenetic relationships among gekkotan lizards inferred from C-mos nuclear DNA sequences and a new classification of the Gekkota,\u201d Biol. J. Linn. Soc., Vol. 83, No. 3, pp. 353\u2013368, 2004.",
      "journal-title": "Biol. J. Linn. Soc."
    },
    {
      "issue": "3",
      "key": "20_CR8",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "271",
      "DOI": "10.1002/jmor.1051170302",
      "volume": "117",
      "author": "R. Ruibal",
      "year": "1965",
      "unstructured": "Ruibal, R. and Ernst, V., \u201cThe structure of the digital setae of lizards,\u201d J. Morph., Vol. 117, No. 3, pp. 271\u2013294, 1965.",
      "journal-title": "J. Morph."
    },
    {
      "issue": "4",
      "key": "20_CR9",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "307",
      "DOI": "10.1007/BF00401561",
      "volume": "62",
      "author": "U. Hiller",
      "year": "1968",
      "unstructured": "Hiller, U., \u201cUntersuchungen zum Feinbau und zur Funktion der Haftborsten von Reptilien,\u201d Z. Morphol. Tiere., Vol. 62, No. 4, pp. 307\u2013362, 1968.",
      "journal-title": "Z. Morphol. Tiere."
    },
    {
      "issue": "1",
      "key": "20_CR10",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "21",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1095-8312.1996.tb01451.x",
      "volume": "59",
      "author": "D. J. Irschick",
      "year": "1996",
      "unstructured": "Irschick, D. J., Austin, C. C., Petren, K., Fisher, R. N., Losos, J. B. and Ellers, O., \u201cA comparative analysis of clinging ability among pad-bearing lizards,\u201d Biol. J. Linn. Soc., Vol. 59, No. 1, pp. 21\u201335, 1996.",
      "journal-title": "Biol. J. Linn. Soc."
    },
    {
      "key": "20_CR11",
      "first-page": "359",
      "volume": "12",
      "author": "D. W. Tinkle",
      "year": "1992",
      "unstructured": "Tinkle, D. W., \u201cGecko,\u201d Encylcopedia Americana, Grolier, Vol. 12, p. 359, 1992.",
      "journal-title": "Encylcopedia Americana, Grolier"
    },
    {
      "issue": "3",
      "key": "20_CR12",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "437",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1469-7998.1975.tb03215.x",
      "volume": "176",
      "author": "A. P. Russell",
      "year": "1975",
      "unstructured": "Russell, A. P., \u201cA contribution to the functional morphology of the foot of the tokay, Gekko gecko,\u201d J. Zool. Lond., Vol. 176, No. 3, pp. 437\u2013476, 1975.",
      "journal-title": "J. Zool. Lond."
    },
    {
      "issue": "4",
      "key": "20_CR13",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "948",
      "DOI": "10.1139/z86-144",
      "volume": "64",
      "author": "A. P. Russell",
      "year": "1986",
      "unstructured": "Russell, A. P., \u201cThe morphological basis of weight-bearing in the scansors of the tokay gecko,\u201d Can. J. Zool., Vol. 64, No. 4, pp. 948\u2013955, 1986.",
      "journal-title": "Can. J. Zool."
    },
    {
      "issue": "4539",
      "key": "20_CR14",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1509",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.215.4539.1509",
      "volume": "215",
      "author": "E. E. Williams",
      "year": "1982",
      "unstructured": "Williams, E. E. and Peterson, J. A., \u201cConvergent and alternative designs in the digital adhesive pads of scincid lizards,\u201d Science, Vol. 215, No. 4539, pp. 1509\u20131511, 1982.",
      "journal-title": "Science"
    },
    {
      "issue": "2",
      "key": "20_CR15",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "141",
      "DOI": "10.1163/156853886X00361",
      "volume": "7",
      "author": "H. H. Schleich",
      "year": "1986",
      "unstructured": "Schleich, H. H. and K\u00f6stle, W., \u201cUltrastrukturen an Gecko-Zehen,\u201d Amphibia Reptilia, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 141\u2013166, 1986.",
      "journal-title": "Amphibia Reptilia"
    },
    {
      "issue": "6",
      "key": "20_CR16",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1081",
      "DOI": "10.1093/icb/42.6.1081",
      "volume": "42",
      "author": "K. Autumn",
      "year": "2002",
      "unstructured": "Autumn, K. and Peattie, A. M., \u201cMechanisms of adhesion in geckos,\u201d Integr. Comp. Biol., Vol. 42, No. 6, pp. 1081\u20131090, 2002.",
      "journal-title": "Integr. Comp. Biol."
    },
    {
      "issue": "19",
      "key": "20_CR17",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "10603",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.1534701100",
      "volume": "100",
      "author": "E. Arzt",
      "year": "2003",
      "unstructured": "Arzt, E., Gorb, S. and Spolenak, R., \u201cFrom micro to nano contacts in biological attachment devices,\u201d Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Vol. 100, No. 19, pp. 10603\u201310606, 2003.",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"
    },
    {
      "key": "20_CR18",
      "unstructured": "Wagler, J., \u201cNaturliches System der Amphibien,\u201d J. G. Cotta\u2019schen Buchhandlung, 1830."
    },
    {
      "issue": "7",
      "key": "20_CR19",
      "first-page": "481",
      "volume": "40",
      "author": "G. Simmermacher",
      "year": "1884",
      "unstructured": "Simmermacher, G.., \u201cUntersuchungen uber haftapparate an tarsalgliedern von insekten,\u201d Zeitschr. Wiss. Zool., Vol. 40, No. 7, pp. 481\u2013556, 1884.",
      "journal-title": "Zeitschr. Wiss. Zool."
    },
    {
      "issue": "3",
      "key": "20_CR20",
      "first-page": "551",
      "volume": "39",
      "author": "H. R. Schmidt",
      "year": "1904",
      "unstructured": "Schmidt, H. R., \u201cZur Anatomie und Physiologie der Geckopfote,\u201d Jena. Z. Naturw., Vol. 39, No. 3, p. 551, 1904.",
      "journal-title": "Jena. Z. Naturw."
    },
    {
      "issue": "4",
      "key": "20_CR21",
      "first-page": "137",
      "volume": "9",
      "author": "S. L. Hora",
      "year": "1923",
      "unstructured": "Hora, S. L., \u201cThe adhesive apparatus on the toes of certain geckos and tree frogs,\u201d J. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Beng., Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 137\u2013145, 1923.",
      "journal-title": "J. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Beng."
    },
    {
      "issue": "3",
      "key": "20_CR22",
      "first-page": "613",
      "volume": "68",
      "author": "W. D. Dellit",
      "year": "1934",
      "unstructured": "Dellit, W. D., \u201cZur anatomie und physiologie der Geckozehe,\u201d Jena. Z. Naturw., Vol. 68, No. 3, pp. 613\u2013658, 1934.",
      "journal-title": "Jena. Z. Naturw."
    },
    {
      "issue": "1",
      "key": "20_CR23",
      "first-page": "36",
      "volume": "78",
      "author": "J. G. J. Gennaro",
      "year": "1969",
      "unstructured": "Gennaro, J. G. J., \u201cThe gecko grip,\u201d Nat. Hist., Vol. 78, No. 1, pp. 36\u201343, 1969.",
      "journal-title": "Nat. Hist."
    },
    {
      "issue": "1",
      "key": "20_CR24",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "91",
      "DOI": "10.1242/jeb.88.1.91",
      "volume": "88",
      "author": "N. E. Stork",
      "year": "1980",
      "unstructured": "Stork, N. E., \u201cExperimental analysis of adhesion of Chrysolina polita on a variety of surfaces,\u201d J. Exp. Biol., Vol. 88, No. 1, pp. 91\u2013107, 1980.",
      "journal-title": "J. Exp. Biol."
    },
    {
      "issue": "9",
      "key": "20_CR25",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "785",
      "DOI": "10.1002/jez.a.210",
      "volume": "303A",
      "author": "P. J. Bergmann",
      "year": "2005",
      "unstructured": "Bergmann, P. J. and Irschick, D. J., \u201cEffects of temperature on maximum clinging ability in a diurnal gecko: evidence for a passive clinging mechanism?\u201d J. Exp. Zool., Vol. 303A, No. 9, pp. 785\u2013791, 2005.",
      "journal-title": "J. Exp. Zool."
    },
    {
      "issue": "1",
      "key": "20_CR26",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2",
      "DOI": "10.1098/rsbl.2004.0254",
      "volume": "1",
      "author": "G. Huber",
      "year": "2005",
      "unstructured": "Huber, G., Gorb, S. N., Spolenak, R. and Arzt, E., \u201cResolving the nanoscale adhesion of individual gecko spatulae by atomic force microscopy,\u201d Biol. Lett., Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 2\u20134, 2005.",
      "journal-title": "Biol. Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "20_CR27",
      "unstructured": "Israelachvili, J. N., \u201cIntermolecular and Surface Forces: 2nd edition,\u201d Academic, 1992."
    },
    {
      "issue": "20",
      "key": "20_CR28",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "319",
      "DOI": "10.1098/rsif.2007.1078",
      "volume": "5",
      "author": "T. W. Kim",
      "year": "2008",
      "unstructured": "Kim, T. W. and Bhushan, B., \u201cThe adhesion model considering capillarity for gecko attachment system,\u201d J. Royal Soc. Interface, Vol. 5, No. 20, pp. 319\u2013327, 2008.",
      "journal-title": "J. Royal Soc. Interface"
    },
    {
      "issue": "1",
      "key": "20_CR29",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1",
      "DOI": "10.1163/156856107779976097",
      "volume": "21",
      "author": "T. W. Kim",
      "year": "2007",
      "unstructured": "Kim, T. W. and Bhushan, B., \u201cAdhesion analysis of multilevel hierarchical attachment system contacting with rough surface,\u201d J. Adhesion Sci. Technol., Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 1\u201320, 2007.",
      "journal-title": "J. Adhesion Sci. Technol."
    },
    {
      "issue": "10\u201311",
      "key": "20_CR30",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "902",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.ultramic.2006.11.008",
      "volume": "107",
      "author": "T. W. Kim",
      "year": "2007",
      "unstructured": "Kim, T. W. and Bhushan, B., \u201cEffect of stiffness of multi-level hierarchical attachment system on adhesion enhancement,\u201d Ultramicroscopy, Vol. 107, No. 10\u201311, pp. 902\u2013912, 2007.",
      "journal-title": "Ultramicroscopy"
    },
    {
      "issue": "8",
      "key": "20_CR31",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1055",
      "DOI": "10.1163/156856103322113788",
      "volume": "18",
      "author": "M. Sitti",
      "year": "2003",
      "unstructured": "Sitti, M. and Fearing, R. S., \u201cSynthetic gecko foot-hair for micro/nano structures as dry adhesives,\u201d J. Adhesion Sci. Technol., Vol. 18, No. 8, pp. 1055\u20131074, 2003.",
      "journal-title": "J. Adhesion Sci. Technol."
    },
    {
      "issue": "2\u20133",
      "key": "20_CR32",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "275",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.mechmat.2004.03.008",
      "volume": "37",
      "author": "H. Gao",
      "year": "2005",
      "unstructured": "Gao, H., Wang, X., Yao, H., Gorb, S. and Arzt, E., \u201cMechanics of hierarchical adhesion structures of geckos,\u201d Mech. Mater., Vol. 37, No. 2\u20133, pp. 275\u2013285, 2005.",
      "journal-title": "Mech. Mater."
    },
    {
      "issue": "1",
      "key": "20_CR33",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "23",
      "DOI": "10.1098/rsif.2004.0004",
      "volume": "1",
      "author": "N. J. Glassmaker",
      "year": "2004",
      "unstructured": "Glassmaker, N. J., Jagota, A., Hui, C. Y. and Kim, J., \u201cDesign of biomimetic fibrillar interfaces: 1. Making contact,\u201d J. R. Soc. Interface, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 23\u201333, 2004.",
      "journal-title": "J. R. Soc. Interface"
    },
    {
      "issue": "16",
      "key": "20_CR34",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "7614",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.1562192",
      "volume": "118",
      "author": "B. N. J. Persson",
      "year": "2003",
      "unstructured": "Persson, B. N. J., \u201cOn the mechanism of adhesion in biological systems,\u201d J. Chem. Phys., Vol. 118, No. 16, pp. 7614\u20137621, 2003.",
      "journal-title": "J. Chem. Phys."
    },
    {
      "issue": "4",
      "key": "20_CR35",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "367",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.actbio.2005.02.005",
      "volume": "1",
      "author": "N. J. Glassmaker",
      "year": "2005",
      "unstructured": "Glassmaker, N. J., Jagota, A. and Hui, C. Y., \u201cAdhesion enhancement in a biomimetic fibrillar interface,\u201d Acta Biomaterialia, Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 367\u2013375, 2005.",
      "journal-title": "Acta Biomaterialia"
    },
    {
      "issue": "6",
      "key": "20_CR36",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1120",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.jmps.2006.01.002",
      "volume": "54",
      "author": "H. Yao",
      "year": "2006",
      "unstructured": "Yao, H. and Gao, H., \u201cMechanics of robust and releasable adhesion in biology: bottom-up designed hierarchical structures of gecko,\u201d J. Mech. Phys. Solids, Vol. 54, No. 6, pp. 1120\u20131146, 2006.",
      "journal-title": "J. Mech. Phys. Solids"
    },
    {
      "issue": "6",
      "key": "20_CR37",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1140",
      "DOI": "10.1093/icb/42.6.1140",
      "volume": "42",
      "author": "A. Jagota",
      "year": "2002",
      "unstructured": "Jagota, A. and Bennison, S. J., \u201cMechanics of adhesion through a fibrillar microstructure,\u201d Integr. Comp. Biol., Vol. 42, No. 6, pp. 1140\u20131145, 2002.",
      "journal-title": "Integr. Comp. Biol."
    },
    {
      "issue": "13",
      "key": "20_CR38",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1475",
      "DOI": "10.1163/156856106778666408",
      "volume": "20",
      "author": "B. Bhushan",
      "year": "2006",
      "unstructured": "Bhushan, B., Peressadko, A. G. and Kim, T. W., \u201cAdhesion analysis of two-level hierarchical morphology in natural attachment systems for \u2019smart adhesion\u2019,\u201d J. Adhesion Sci. Technol., Vol. 20, No. 13, pp. 1475\u20131491, 2006.",
      "journal-title": "J. Adhesion Sci. Technol."
    },
    {
      "key": "20_CR39",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "unstructured": "Shah, G. J. and Sitti, M., \u201cModeling and design of biomimetic adhesives inspired by gecko foot-hairs,\u201d Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Robotics and Biomimetics, pp. 873\u2013878, 2004.",
      "DOI": "10.1109/ROBIO.2004.1521899"
    },
    {
      "issue": "1",
      "key": "20_CR40",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "5",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.actbio.2004.08.004",
      "volume": "1",
      "author": "R. Spolenak",
      "year": "2005",
      "unstructured": "Spolenak, R., Gorb, S. and Arzt, E., \u201cAdhesion design maps for bio-inspired attachment systems,\u201d Acta Biomaterialia, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 5\u201313, 2005.",
      "journal-title": "Acta Biomaterialia"
    },
    {
      "issue": "4",
      "key": "20_CR41",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1003",
      "DOI": "10.1116/1.2435389",
      "volume": "25",
      "author": "T. W. Kim",
      "year": "2007",
      "unstructured": "Kim, T. W. and Bhushan, B., \u201cOptimization of Biomimetic Attachment System Contacting with a Rough Surface,\u201d J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A, Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 1003\u20131012, 2007.",
      "journal-title": "J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A"
    },
    {
      "key": "20_CR42",
      "unstructured": "Majidi, C., Groff, R. E., Autumn, K., Baek, S., Bush, B., Gravish, N., Maboudian, R., Maeno, Y., Schubert, B., Wilkinson, M. and Fearing, R. S., \u201cHigh friction from a stiff polymer using micro-fiber arrays,\u201d Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 97, No. 7, Paper No. 076103, 2006."
    },
    {
      "issue": "18",
      "key": "20_CR43",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "3569",
      "DOI": "10.1242/jeb.02486",
      "volume": "209",
      "author": "K. Autumn",
      "year": "2006",
      "unstructured": "Autumn, K., Dittmore, A., Santos, D., Spenko, M. and Cutkosky, M., \u201cFrictional Adhesion: a new angle on gecko attachment,\u201d J. Exp. Biol., Vol. 209, No. 18, pp. 3569\u20133579, 2006.",
      "journal-title": "J. Exp. Biol."
    },
    {
      "issue": "51",
      "key": "20_CR44",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "19320",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.0608841103",
      "volume": "103",
      "author": "Y. Tian",
      "year": "2006",
      "unstructured": "Tian, Y., Pesika, N. S., Zhao, B., Rosenberg, K., Zeng, H., McGuiggan, P., Autumn, K. and Israelachvili, J. N., \u201cAdhesion and Friction in gecko toe attachment and detachment,\u201d Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Vol. 103, No. 51, pp. 19320\u201319325, 2006.",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"
    },
    {
      "issue": "12\u201313",
      "key": "20_CR45",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1317",
      "DOI": "10.1163/156856107782328399",
      "volume": "21",
      "author": "D. Santos",
      "year": "2007",
      "unstructured": "Santos, D., Spenko, M., Parness, A., Kim, S. and Cutkosky, M., \u201cDirectional adhesion for climbing: theoretical and practical considerations,\u201d J. Adhesion Sci. Technol., Vol. 21, No. 12\u201313, pp. 1317\u20131341, 2007.",
      "journal-title": "J. Adhesion Sci. Technol."
    },
    {
      "issue": "13",
      "key": "20_CR46",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1449",
      "DOI": "10.1088/0022-3727/8/13/005",
      "volume": "8",
      "author": "K. Kendall",
      "year": "1975",
      "unstructured": "Kendall, K., \u201cThin-film peeling \u2014 the elastic term,\u201d J. Phys. D, Vol. 8, No. 13, pp. 1449\u20134452, 1975.",
      "journal-title": "J. Phys. D"
    },
    {
      "issue": "21",
      "key": "20_CR47",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "11437",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.1621854",
      "volume": "119",
      "author": "B. N. J. Persson",
      "year": "2003",
      "unstructured": "Persson, B. N. J. and Gorb, S., \u201cThe effect of surface roughness on the adhesion of elastic plates with application to biological systems,\u201d J. Chem. Phys., Vol. 119, No. 21, pp. 11437\u201311444, 2003.",
      "journal-title": "J. Chem. Phys."
    },
    {
      "issue": "2054",
      "key": "20_CR48",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1",
      "DOI": "10.1098/rspa.2004.1326",
      "volume": "461",
      "author": "R. Spolenak",
      "year": "2005",
      "unstructured": "Spolenak, R., Gorb, S., Gao, H. and Arzt, E., \u201cEffects of contact shape on the scaling of biological attachments,\u201d Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A, Vol. 461, No. 2054, pp. 1\u201315, 2005.",
      "journal-title": "Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A"
    },
    {
      "key": "20_CR49",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "780",
      "DOI": "10.1038/203780a0",
      "volume": "203",
      "author": "P. F. A. Maderson",
      "year": "1964",
      "unstructured": "Maderson, P. F. A., \u201cKeratinized epidermal derivatives as an aid to climbing in gekkonid lizards,\u201d Nature, Vol. 203, pp. 780\u2013781, 1964.",
      "journal-title": "Nature"
    },
    {
      "issue": "8",
      "key": "20_CR50",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "441",
      "DOI": "10.1098/rsif.2005.0097",
      "volume": "3",
      "author": "N. Rizzo",
      "year": "2006",
      "unstructured": "Rizzo, N., Gardner, K., Walls, D., Keiper-Hrynko, N. and Hallahan, D., \u201cCharacterization of the. structure and composition of gecko adhesive setae,\u201d J. Royal Soc. Interface, Vol. 3, No. 8, pp. 441\u2013451, 2006.",
      "journal-title": "J. Royal Soc. Interface"
    },
    {
      "key": "20_CR51",
      "unstructured": "Bhushan, B., \u201cIntroduction to Tribology,\u201d Wiley, pp. 154\u2013156, 2002."
    },
    {
      "key": "20_CR52",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "unstructured": "Bhushan, B., \u201cIntroduction to Nanotribology and Nanomechanics,\u201d Springer-Verlag, pp. 354\u2013368, 2005.",
      "DOI": "10.1007/3-540-28248-3"
    },
    {
      "issue": "1558",
      "key": "20_CR53",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "301",
      "DOI": "10.1098/rspa.1971.0141",
      "volume": "324",
      "author": "K. L. Johnson",
      "year": "1971",
      "unstructured": "Johnson, K. L., Kendall, K. and Roberts, A. D., \u201cSurface energy and the contact of elastic solids,\u201d Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A., Vol. 324, No. 1558, pp. 301\u2013313, 1971.",
      "journal-title": "Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A."
    },
    {
      "key": "20_CR54",
      "unstructured": "Bhushan, B., \u201cPrinciples and Applications of Tribology,\u201d Wiley, pp. 303\u2013311, 1999."
    },
    {
      "issue": "4",
      "key": "20_CR55",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "723",
      "DOI": "10.1017/S0022112075000572",
      "volume": "67",
      "author": "F. M. Orr",
      "year": "1975",
      "unstructured": "Orr, F. M., Scriven, L. E. and Rivas, A. P., \u201cPendular rings between solids: meniscus properties and capillary force,\u201d J. Fluid Mech., Vol. 67, No. 4, pp. 723\u2013742, 1975.",
      "journal-title": "J. Fluid Mech."
    },
    {
      "issue": "1",
      "key": "20_CR56",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "121",
      "DOI": "10.1242/jeb.130.1.121",
      "volume": "130",
      "author": "J. E. A. Bertram",
      "year": "1987",
      "unstructured": "Bertram, J. E. A. and Gosline, J. M., \u201cFunctional design of horse hoof keratin: the modulation of mechanical properties through hydration effects,\u201d J. Exp. Biol., Vol. 130, No. 1, pp. 121\u2013136, 1987.",
      "journal-title": "J. Exp. Biol."
    },
    {
      "issue": "18",
      "key": "20_CR57",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "3558",
      "DOI": "10.1242/jeb.02469",
      "volume": "209",
      "author": "K. Autumn",
      "year": "2006",
      "unstructured": "Autumn, K., Majidi, C., Groff, R. E., Dittmore, A. and Fearing, R., \u201cEffective elastic modulus of isolated gecko setal arrays,\u201d J. Exp. Biol., Vol. 209, No. 18, pp. 3558\u20133568, 2006.",
      "journal-title": "J. Exp. Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "20_CR58",
      "unstructured": "Bikerman, J. J., \u201cThe Science of Adhesive Joints,\u201d Academic, 1961."
    },
    {
      "issue": "10",
      "key": "20_CR59",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "18",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ie50646a003",
      "volume": "55",
      "author": "W. A. Zisman",
      "year": "1963",
      "unstructured": "Zisman, W. A., \u201cInfluence of constitution on adhesion,\u201d Ind. Eng. Chem., Vol. 55, No. 10, pp. 18\u201338, 1963.",
      "journal-title": "Ind. Eng. Chem."
    },
    {
      "issue": "4",
      "key": "20_CR60",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1896",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.1709780",
      "volume": "38",
      "author": "R. Houwink",
      "year": "1967",
      "unstructured": "Houwink, R. and Salomon, G., \u201cEffect of contamination on the adhesion of metallic couples in ultra high vacuum,\u201d J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 38, No. 4, pp. 1896\u20131904, 1967.",
      "journal-title": "J. Appl. Phys."
    },
    {
      "key": "20_CR61",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "unstructured": "Bhushan, B., \u201cSpringer Handbook of Nanotechnology, 2nd Ed.,\u201d Springer-Verlag, pp. 605\u2013624, 2006.",
      "DOI": "10.1007/978-3-540-29857-1"
    },
    {
      "issue": "10",
      "key": "20_CR62",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1058",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0031-8914(37)80203-7",
      "volume": "4",
      "author": "H. C. Hamaker",
      "year": "1937",
      "unstructured": "Hamaker, H. C., \u201cLondon van der Waals attraction between spherical bodies,\u201d Physica, Vol. 4, No. 10, p. 1058, 1937.",
      "journal-title": "Physica"
    },
    {
      "issue": "1584",
      "key": "20_CR63",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "19",
      "DOI": "10.1098/rspa.1972.0162",
      "volume": "331",
      "author": "J. N. Israelachvili",
      "year": "1972",
      "unstructured": "Israelachvili, J. N. and Tabor, D., \u201cThe measurement of Van der Waals dispersion forces in the range of 1.5 to 130 nm,\u201d Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A, Vol. 331, No. 1584, pp. 19\u201338, 1972.",
      "journal-title": "Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A"
    },
    {
      "key": "20_CR64",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "unstructured": "Zimon, A. D., \u201cAdhesion of Dust and Powder, translated from Russian by M. Corn,\u201d Adhesion Science and Technology, 1969.",
      "DOI": "10.1007/978-1-4899-6600-1"
    },
    {
      "key": "20_CR65",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "unstructured": "Fan, P. L. and O\u2019Brien, M. J., \u201cAdhesion in deformable isolated capillaries,\u201d Adhesion Science and Technology, 1975.",
      "DOI": "10.1007/978-1-4613-4331-8_14"
    },
    {
      "key": "20_CR66",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "unstructured": "Phipps, P. B. and Rice, D. W., \u201cRole of water in atmospheric corrosion,\u201d ACS Symposium Series, No. 89, 1979.",
      "DOI": "10.1021/bk-1979-0089.ch008"
    },
    {
      "issue": "2",
      "key": "20_CR67",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "314",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0021-9797(75)90018-1",
      "volume": "53",
      "author": "B. V. Derjaguin",
      "year": "1975",
      "unstructured": "Derjaguin, B. V., Muller, V. M. and Toporov, Y. P., \u201cEffect of contact deformation on the adhesion of particles,\u201d J. Colloid Interface Sci., Vol. 53, No. 2, pp. 314\u2013326, 1975.",
      "journal-title": "J. Colloid Interface Sci."
    },
    {
      "issue": "3",
      "key": "20_CR68",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "667",
      "DOI": "10.1111/j.1151-2916.1992.tb07857.x",
      "volume": "75",
      "author": "K. T. Wan",
      "year": "1992",
      "unstructured": "Wan, K. T., Smith, D. T. and Lawn, B. R., \u201cFracture and contact adhesion energies of mica-mica, silica-silica, and mica-silica interfaces in dry and moist atmospheres,\u201d J. Am. Ceram. Soc., Vol. 75, No. 3, pp. 667\u2013676, 1992.",
      "journal-title": "J. Am. Ceram. Soc."
    },
    {
      "issue": "14",
      "key": "20_CR69",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2611",
      "DOI": "10.1242/jeb.02323",
      "volume": "209",
      "author": "W. Federle",
      "year": "2006",
      "unstructured": "Federle, W., \u201cWhy so many adhesive pads hairy?\u201d J. Exp. Biol., Vol. 209, No. 14, pp. 2611\u20132621, 2006.",
      "journal-title": "J. Exp. Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "20_CR70",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "163",
      "DOI": "10.1098/rsta.1921.0006",
      "volume": "221",
      "author": "A. A. Griffith",
      "year": "1921",
      "unstructured": "Griffith, A. A., \u201cThe phenomena of rupture and flow in solids,\u201d Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A, Vol. 221, pp. 163\u2013198, 1921.",
      "journal-title": "Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A"
    },
    {
      "issue": "10",
      "key": "20_CR71",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "5597",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.0631609100",
      "volume": "100",
      "author": "H. Gao",
      "year": "2003",
      "unstructured": "Gao, H., Ji, B., Jaeger, I. L., Arzt, E. and Fratzl, P., \u201cMaterials become insensitive to flaws at nanoscale: lessons from nature,\u201d Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Vol. 100, No. 10, pp. 5597\u20135600, 2003.",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"
    },
    {
      "issue": "21",
      "key": "20_CR72",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "7851",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.0400757101",
      "volume": "101",
      "author": "H. Gao",
      "year": "2004",
      "unstructured": "Gao, H. and Yao, H., \u201cShape insensitive optimal adhesion of nanoscale fibrillar structures,\u201d Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Vol. 101, No. 21, pp. 7851\u20137856, 2004.",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"
    },
    {
      "issue": "1",
      "key": "20_CR73",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "35",
      "DOI": "10.1098/rsif.2004.0005",
      "volume": "1",
      "author": "C. Y. Hui",
      "year": "2004",
      "unstructured": "Hui, C. Y., Glassmaker, N. J., Tang, T. and Jagota, A., \u201cDesign of biomimetic fibrillar interfaces: 2. Mechanics of enhanced adhesion,\u201d J. R. Soc. Interface, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 35\u201348, 2004.",
      "journal-title": "J. R. Soc. Interface"
    },
    {
      "issue": "4",
      "key": "20_CR74",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "607",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.actbio.2007.01.007",
      "volume": "3",
      "author": "G. Huber",
      "year": "2007",
      "unstructured": "Huber, G., Gorb, S. N., Hosoda, N., Spolenak, R. and Arzt, E., \u201cInfluence of surface roughness on gecko adhesion,\u201d Acta Biomaterialia, Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 607\u2013610, 2007.",
      "journal-title": "Acta Biomaterialia"
    },
    {
      "issue": "7\u20138",
      "key": "20_CR75",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "699",
      "DOI": "10.1080/00218460500187673",
      "volume": "81",
      "author": "C. Y. Hui",
      "year": "2005",
      "unstructured": "Hui, C. Y., Glassmaker, N. J. and Jagota, A., \u201cHow compliance compensates for surface roughness in fibrillar adhesion,\u201d J. Adhesion, Vol. 81, No. 7\u20138, pp. 699\u2013721, 2005.",
      "journal-title": "J. Adhesion"
    },
    {
      "issue": "8",
      "key": "20_CR76",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1159",
      "DOI": "10.1088/0957-4484/16/8/030",
      "volume": "16",
      "author": "M. T. Northen",
      "year": "2005",
      "unstructured": "Northen, M. T. and Turner, K. L., \u201cA batch fabricated biomimetic dry adhesive,\u201d Nanotechnology, Vol. 16, No. 8, pp. 1159\u20131166, 2005.",
      "journal-title": "Nanotechnology"
    },
    {
      "issue": "8",
      "key": "20_CR77",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "583",
      "DOI": "10.1016/j.sna.2005.10.032",
      "volume": "130\u2013131",
      "author": "M. T. Northen",
      "year": "2006",
      "unstructured": "Northen, M. T. and Turner, K. L., \u201cMeso-scale adhesion testing of integrated micro- and nano-scale structures,\u201d Sensors and Actuators A, Vol. 130\u2013131, No. 8, pp. 583\u2013587, 2006.",
      "journal-title": "Sensors and Actuators A"
    },
    {
      "key": "20_CR78",
      "first-page": "886",
      "volume": "2",
      "author": "M. Sitti",
      "year": "2003",
      "unstructured": "Sitti, M., \u201cHigh aspect ratio polymer micro/nano-structure manufacturing using nanoembossing, nanomolding and directed self-assembly,\u201d Proc. IEEE/ASME Advanced Mechatronics Conf., Vol. 2, pp. 886\u2013890, 2003.",
      "journal-title": "Proc. IEEE/ASME Advanced Mechatronics Conf."
    },
    {
      "issue": "4",
      "key": "20_CR79",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1640",
      "DOI": "10.1021/la0526434",
      "volume": "22",
      "author": "H. E. Jeong",
      "year": "2006",
      "unstructured": "Jeong, H. E., Lee, S. H., Kim, J. K. and Suh, K. Y., \u201cNanoengineered Multiscale Hierarchical Structures with Tailored Wetting Properties,\u201d Langmuir, Vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 1640\u20131645, 2006.",
      "journal-title": "Langmuir"
    },
    {
      "issue": "2",
      "key": "20_CR80",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "118",
      "DOI": "10.1002/mabi.200600214",
      "volume": "7",
      "author": "A. Campo del",
      "year": "2007",
      "unstructured": "del Campo, A. and Arzt, E., \u201cDesign parameter and current fabrication approaches for developing bioinspired dry adhesives,\u201d Macromol. Biosci., Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 118\u2013127, 2007.",
      "journal-title": "Macromol. Biosci."
    },
    {
      "key": "20_CR81",
      "unstructured": "Aksak, B., Sitti, M., Casell, A., Li, J., Meyyappan, M. and Callen, P., \u201cFriction of partially embedded vertically aligned carbon nanofibers inside elastomers,\u201d Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 91, No. 6, Paper No. 061906, 2007."
    },
    {
      "key": "20_CR82",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "unstructured": "Autumn, K., \u201cProperties, Principles, and Parameters of the Gecko Adhesive System,\u201d Biological Adhesives, pp. 225\u2013256, 2006.",
      "DOI": "10.1007/978-3-540-31049-5_12"
    },
    {
      "issue": "4",
      "key": "20_CR83",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1517",
      "DOI": "10.1021/la702126k",
      "volume": "24",
      "author": "B. Zhao",
      "year": "2008",
      "unstructured": "Zhao, B., Pesika, N. S., Tian, Y., Rosenberg, K., Zeng, H., McGuiggan, P., Autumn, K. and Israelachvili, J. N., \u201cAdhesion and Friction force coupling of gecko setal arrays: Implications for structured adhesive surfaces,\u201d Langmuir, Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 1517\u20131524, 2008.",
      "journal-title": "Langmuir"
    },
    {
      "issue": "4",
      "key": "20_CR84",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "383",
      "DOI": "10.1080/00218460701282539",
      "volume": "83",
      "author": "N. Pesika",
      "year": "2007",
      "unstructured": "Pesika, N., Tian, Y., Zhao, B., Rosenberg, K., Zeng, H., McGuiggan, P., Autumn, K. and Israelachvili, J. N., \u201cPeelzone model of tape peeling based on the gecko adhesive system,\u201d J. Adhesion, Vol. 83, No. 4, pp. 383\u2013401, 2007.",
      "journal-title": "J. Adhesion"
    },
    {
      "key": "20_CR85",
      "unstructured": "Moore, D. F., \u201cThe friction and lubrication of Elastomers,\u201d Pergamon, 1972."
    },
    {
      "issue": "1",
      "key": "20_CR86",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "33",
      "DOI": "10.1080/05698198408981542",
      "volume": "27",
      "author": "B. Bhushan",
      "year": "1984",
      "unstructured": "Bhushan, B., Sharma, B. S. and Bradshaw, R. L., \u201cFriction in Magenetic Tapes I: Assessment of relevant theory,\u201d ASLE Trans., Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 33\u201344, 1984.",
      "journal-title": "ASLE Trans."
    },
    {
      "issue": "2",
      "key": "20_CR87",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "279",
      "DOI": "10.1039/tf9484400279",
      "volume": "44",
      "author": "K. R. Makinson",
      "year": "1948",
      "unstructured": "Makinson, K. R., \u201cOn the cause of frictional difference of the wool fiber,\u201d Trans. Faraday Soc., Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 279\u2013282, 1948.",
      "journal-title": "Trans. Faraday Soc."
    },
    {
      "issue": "1069",
      "key": "20_CR88",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "224",
      "DOI": "10.1098/rspa.1950.0096",
      "volume": "202",
      "author": "J. S. McFarlane",
      "year": "1950",
      "unstructured": "McFarlane, J. S. and Tabor, D., \u201cAdhesion of solids and the effects of surface films,\u201d Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A., Vol. 202, No. 1069, pp. 224\u2013243, 1950.",
      "journal-title": "Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A."
    },
    {
      "key": "20_CR89",
      "unstructured": "Tabor, D., \u201cAdhesion and friction, in The Properties of Diamond,\u201d Academic, pp. 325\u2013348, 1979."
    },
    {
      "issue": "3",
      "key": "20_CR90",
      "first-page": "452",
      "volume": "116",
      "author": "B. Bhushan",
      "year": "1994",
      "unstructured": "Bhushan, B. and Ruan, J., \u201cAtomic-scale friction measurements using friction force microscopy: Part II \u2014 Application to magnetic media,\u201d ASME J. Tribol., Vol. 116, No. 3, pp. 452\u2013458, 1994.",
      "journal-title": "ASME J. Tribol."
    },
    {
      "issue": "10",
      "key": "20_CR91",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2003",
      "DOI": "10.1143/JPSJ.16.2003",
      "volume": "16",
      "author": "K. Tanaka",
      "year": "1961",
      "unstructured": "Tanaka, K., \u201cFriction and deformation of polymers,\u201d J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., Vol. 16, No. 10, pp. 2003\u20132016, 1961.",
      "journal-title": "J. Phys. Soc. Jpn."
    },
    {
      "issue": "4",
      "key": "20_CR92",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1122",
      "DOI": "10.5254/1.3539283",
      "volume": "42",
      "author": "R. R. Hegmon",
      "year": "1969",
      "unstructured": "Hegmon, R. R., \u201cThe contribution of deformation losses to rubber friction,\u201d Rubber Chem. and Technol., Vol. 42, No. 4, pp. 1122\u20131135, 1969.",
      "journal-title": "Rubber Chem. and Technol."
    },
    {
      "issue": "1",
      "key": "20_CR93",
      "first-page": "1",
      "volume": "1",
      "author": "B. Bhushan",
      "year": "1999",
      "unstructured": "Bhushan, B. and Zhao, Z., \u201cMacro- and microscale tribological studies of molecularly-thick boundary layers of perfuluoropolyether Lubricants for magnetic thin-film rigid disks,\u201d J. Info. Storage proc. Syst., Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 1\u201321, 1999.",
      "journal-title": "J. Info. Storage proc. Syst."
    },
    {
      "key": "20_CR94",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "unstructured": "Sitti, M. and Fearing, R. S., \u201cSynthetic gecko foot-hair for micro/nano structures for future wall-climbing robots,\u201d Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Robotics and Automation, pp. 1164\u20131170, 2003.",
      "DOI": "10.1109/ROBOT.2003.1241750"
    },
    {
      "key": "20_CR95",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "unstructured": "Menon, C., Murphy, M. and Sitti, M., \u201cGecko inspired surface climbing robots,\u201d Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Robotics and Biomimetics, pp. 431\u2013436, 2004.",
      "DOI": "10.1109/ROBIO.2004.1521817"
    },
    {
      "key": "20_CR96",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "291",
      "DOI": "10.1117/12.606157",
      "volume": "5804",
      "author": "K. Autumn",
      "year": "2005",
      "unstructured": "Autumn, K., Buehler, M., Cutkosky, M., Fearing, R., Full, R. J., Goldman, D., Groff, R., Provancher, W., Rizzi, A. A., Sranli, U., Saunders, A. and Koditschek, D. E., \u201cRobotics in scansorial environments,\u201d Proc. SPIE, Vol. 5804, pp. 291\u2013302, 2005.",
      "journal-title": "Proc. SPIE"
    },
    {
      "key": "20_CR97",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "unstructured": "Kim, S., Spenko, M., Trujillo, S., Heyneman, B., Mattoli, V. and Cutkosky, M. R., \u201cWhole body adhesion: hierarchical, directional and distributed control of adhesive forces for a climbing robot,\u201d Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Robotics and Automation, pp. 1268\u20131273, 2007.",
      "DOI": "10.1109/ROBOT.2007.363159"
    },
    {
      "issue": "7",
      "key": "20_CR98",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "461",
      "DOI": "10.1038/nmat917",
      "volume": "2",
      "author": "A. K. Geim",
      "year": "2003",
      "unstructured": "Geim, A. K., Dubonos, S. V., Grigorieva, I. V., Novoselov, K. S., Zhukov, A. A. and Shapoval, S. Y., \u201cMicrofabricated adhesive mimicking gecko foot-hair,\u201d Nat. Mater., Vol. 2, No. 7, pp. 461\u2013463, 2003.",
      "journal-title": "Nat. Mater."
    },
    {
      "key": "20_CR99",
      "unstructured": "Yurdumakan, B., Raravikar, N. R., Ajayan, P. M. and Dhinojwala, A., \u201cSynthetic gecko foot-hairs from multiwalled carbon nanotubes,\u201d Chem. Comm., pp. 3799\u20133801, 2005."
    },
    {
      "issue": "1",
      "key": "20_CR100",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "71",
      "DOI": "10.1007/s00542-006-0256-2",
      "volume": "13",
      "author": "B. Bhushan",
      "year": "2007",
      "unstructured": "Bhushan, B. and Sayer, R. A., \u201cSurface characterization and friction of a bio-inspired reversible adhesive tape,\u201d Microsyst. Technol., Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 71\u201378, 2007.",
      "journal-title": "Microsyst. Technol."
    },
    {
      "issue": "8",
      "key": "20_CR101",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1607",
      "DOI": "10.1021/nl050861b",
      "volume": "5",
      "author": "Z. Burton",
      "year": "2005",
      "unstructured": "Burton, Z. and Bhushan, B., \u201cHydrophobicity, adhesion, and friction properties of nanopatterned polymers and scale dependence for micro- and nanoelectromechanical systems,\u201d Nano Letters, Vol. 5, No. 8, pp. 1607\u20131613, 2005.",
      "journal-title": "Nano Letters"
    },
    {
      "issue": "1",
      "key": "20_CR102",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "331",
      "DOI": "10.1116/1.2163891",
      "volume": "24",
      "author": "Y. Zhao",
      "year": "2006",
      "unstructured": "Zhao, Y., Tong, T., Delzeit, L., Kashani, A., Meyyappan, M. and Majumdar, A., \u201cInterfacial energy and strength of multiwalled-carbon-nanotube-based dry adhesive,\u201d J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 331\u2013335, 2006.",
      "journal-title": "J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B"
    },
    {
      "issue": "22",
      "key": "20_CR103",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "2276",
      "DOI": "10.1002/adma.200803710",
      "volume": "21",
      "author": "T. I. Kim",
      "year": "2009",
      "unstructured": "Kim, T. I., Jeong, H. E., Suh, K. Y. and Lee, H. H., \u201cStooped Nanohairs: Geometry-Controllable, Unidirectional, Reversible, Robust Gecko-like Dry Adhesive,\u201d Adv. Mater., Vol. 21, No. 22, pp. 2276\u20132281, 2009.",
      "journal-title": "Adv. Mater."
    },
    {
      "issue": "14",
      "key": "20_CR104",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "5639",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.0900323106",
      "volume": "106",
      "author": "H. E. Jeong",
      "year": "2009",
      "unstructured": "Jeong, H. E., Lee, J. K., Kim, H. N., Moon, S. H. and Suh, K. Y., \u201cA nontransferring dry adhesive with hierarchical polymer nanohairs,\u201d Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Vol. 106, No. 14, pp. 5639\u20135644, 2009.",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"
    },
    {
      "issue": "4",
      "key": "20_CR105",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "849",
      "DOI": "10.1021/am8002439",
      "volume": "1",
      "author": "M. P. Murphy",
      "year": "2009",
      "unstructured": "Murphy, M. P., Kim, S. and Sitti, M, \u201cEnhanced adhesion by gecko-inspired hierarchical fibrillar adhesives,\u201d ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 849\u2013855, 2009.",
      "journal-title": "ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"
    },
    {
      "issue": "1",
      "key": "20_CR106",
      "first-page": "25",
      "volume": "9",
      "author": "H. Kobayashi",
      "year": "2008",
      "unstructured": "Kobayashi, H., Moronuki, N. and Kaneko, A., \u201cSelf-assembly of Fine Particles Applied to the Production of Antireflective Surfaces,\u201d Int. J. Prec. Eng. Manuf., Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 25\u201329, 2008.",
      "journal-title": "Int. J. Prec. Eng. Manuf."
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12541-010-0020-5.pdf",
      "content-type": "application/pdf",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "text-mining"
    },
    {
      "URL": "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12541-010-0020-5/fulltext.html",
      "content-type": "text/html",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "text-mining"
    },
    {
      "URL": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12541-010-0020-5",
      "content-type": "unspecified",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "similarity-checking"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2021,
        10,
        26
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2021-10-26T05:09:11Z",
    "timestamp": 1635224951000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12541-010-0020-5"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2010,
        2
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 106,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "1",
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2010,
          2
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "alternative-id": [
    "20"
  ],
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12541-010-0020-5",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "1229-8557",
    "2005-4602"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "container-title-short": "Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf.",
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2010,
        2
      ]
    ]
  }
}