DOI: 10.1007/bf03401902. Oligodeoxynucleotides Enhance Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Synthesis of Tumor Necrosis Factor: Dependence on Phosphorothioate Modification and Reversal by Heparin

Oligodeoxynucleotides Enhance Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Synthesis of Tumor Necrosis Factor: Dependence on Phosphorothioate Modification and Reversal by Heparin

10.1007/bf03401902

Crossref journal-article

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Molecular Medicine (297)

Bibliography

Hartmann, G., Krug, A., Waller-Fontaine, K., & Endres, S. (1996). Oligodeoxynucleotides Enhance Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Synthesis of Tumor Necrosis Factor: Dependence on Phosphorothioate Modification and Reversal by Heparin. Molecular Medicine, 2(4), 429â438.

Authors 4

Gunther Hartmann (first)
Anne Krug (additional)
Kerstin Waller-Fontaine (additional)
Stefan Endres (additional)

References 42 Referenced 74

Askari FK, McDonnell WM. (1996) Antisense-oligonucleotide therapy. N. Engl. J. Med. 334: 316–318. (10.1056/NEJM199602013340508) / N. Engl. J. Med. by FK Askari (1996)
Sharma HW, Narayanan R. (1995) The therapeutic potential of antisense oligonucleotides. Bioessays 17: 1055–1063. (10.1002/bies.950171210) / Bioessays by HW Sharma (1995)
Stein CA, Narayanan R. (1994) Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides. Curr. Opin. Oncol. 6: 587–594. (10.1097/00001622-199411000-00010) / Curr. Opin. Oncol. by CA Stein (1994)
Wagner RW. (1994) Gene inhibition using antisense oligodeoxynucleotides. Nature 372: 333–335. (10.1038/372333a0) / Nature by RW Wagner (1994)
Rossi JJ. (1995) Therapeutic antisense and ribozymes. Br. Med. Bull. 51: 217–225. (10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a072948) / Br. Med. Bull. by JJ Rossi (1995)
Kitajima I, Shinohara T, Bilakovics J, Brown DA, Xu X, Nerenberg M. (1992) Ablation of transplanted HTLV-I tax-transformed tumors in mice by antisense inhibition of NF-κB. Science 258: 1792–1795. (10.1126/science.1299224) / Science by I Kitajima (1992)
Higgins KA, Perez JR, Coleman TA, et al. (1993) Antisense inhibition of the p65 sub-unit of NF-κB blocks tumorigenicity and causes tumor regression. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90: 9901–9905. (10.1073/pnas.90.21.9901) / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. by KA Higgins (1993)
Schwab G, Chavany C, Duroux I, et al. (1994) Antisense oligonucleotides adsorbed to polyalkylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles specifically inhibit mutated Ha-ras–mediated cell proliferation and tumorigenicity in nude mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91: 10460–10464. (10.1073/pnas.91.22.10460) / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. by G Schwab (1994)
Skorski T, Nieborowska SM, Nicolaides NC, et al. (1994) Suppression of Philadelphia1 leukemia cell growth in mice by bcr-abl antisense oligodeoxynucleotide. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91: 4504–4508. (10.1073/pnas.91.10.4504) / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. by T Skorski (1994)
Offensperger WB, Offensperger S, Walter E, et al. (1993) In vivo inhibition of duck hepatitis B virus replication and gene expression by phosphorothioate-modified antisense oligodeoxynucleotides. EMBO J. 12: 1257–1262. (10.1002/j.1460-2075.1993.tb05767.x) / EMBO J. by WB Offensperger (1993)
Morishita R, Gibbons GH, Ellison KE, et al. (1994) Intimai hyperplasia after vascular injury is inhibited by antisense cdk 2 kinase oligonucleotides. J. Clin. Invest. 93: 1458–1464. (10.1172/JCI117123) / J. Clin. Invest. by R Morishita (1994)
Bayever E, Iversen PL, Bishop MR, et al. (1993) Systemic administration of a phosphorothioate oligonucleotide with a sequence complementary to p53 for acute myelogenous leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome: Initial results of a phase I trial. Antisense Res. Dev. 3: 383–390. (10.1089/ard.1993.3.383) / Antisense Res. Dev. by E Bayever (1993)
Nichols GL. (1995) Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides as therapeutic agents for chronic myelogenous leukemia. Antisense Res. Dev. 5: 67–69. (10.1089/ard.1995.5.67) / Antisense Res. Dev. by GL Nichols (1995)
Gewirtz AM. (1994) Treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) with c-myb antisense oligodeoxynucleotides. Bone Marrow Transplant. 14: S57–S61. / Bone Marrow Transplant. by AM Gewirtz (1994)
Zhang R, Yan J, Shahinian H, et al. (1995) Pharmacokinetics of an anti-human immunodeficiency virus antisense oligodeoxynucleotide phosphorothioate (GEM 91) in HIV-infected subjects. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 58: 44–53. (10.1016/0009-9236(95)90071-3) / Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. by R Zhang (1995)
Cohen J. (1995) AIDS therapy. New hope against blindness. Science 268: 368–369. (10.1126/science.7716538) / Science by J Cohen (1995)
Hawkins JW. (1995) Oligonucleotide therapeutics: Coming’ round the clubhouse turn. Antisense Res. Dev. 5: 1. (10.1089/ard.1995.5.1) / Antisense Res. Dev. by JW Hawkins (1995)
Gura T. (1995) Antisense has growing pains. Science 270: 575–577. (10.1126/science.270.5236.575) / Science by T Gura (1995)
Stein CA. (1995) Does antisense exist? Nature Medicine 1: 1119–1121. (10.1038/nm1195-1119) / Nature Medicine by CA Stein (1995)
Jansen B, Wadl H, Inoue SA, et al. (1995) Phosphorothioate oligonucleotides reduce melanoma growth in a SCID-hu mouse model by a nonantisense mechanism. Antisense Res. Dev. 5: 271–277. (10.1089/ard.1995.5.271) / Antisense Res. Dev. by B Jansen (1995)
Krieg AM, Yi AK, Matson S, et al. (1995) CpG motifs in bacterial DNA trigger direct B-cell activation. Nature 374: 546–549. (10.1038/374546a0) / Nature by AM Krieg (1995)
Chavany C, Connell Y, Neckers L. (1995) Contribution of sequence and phosphorothioate content to inhibition of cell growth and adhesion caused by c-myc antisense oligomers. Mol. Pharmacol. 48: 738–746. (10.1016/S0026-895X(25)10529-4) / Mol. Pharmacol. by C Chavany (1995)
Obrien SG, Kirkland MA, Melo JV, et al. (1994) Antisense BCR-ABL oligomers cause non-specific inhibition of chronic myeloid leukemia cell lines. Leukemia 8: 2156–2162. / Leukemia by SG Obrien (1994)
Bøyum A. (1968) Isolation of mononuclear cells and granulocytes from human blood (paper IV). Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 21: 77–89, 107–109. (10.3109/00365516809076979) / Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. by A Bøyum (1968)
Endres S, Fülle HJ, Sinha B, et al. (1991) Cyclic nucleotides differentially regulate the synthesis of tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β by human mononuclear cells. Immunology 72: 56–60. / Immunology by S Endres (1991)
Pennica D, Nedwin GE, Hayflick JS, et al. (1984) Human tumour necrosis factor: Precursor structure, expression and homology to lymphotoxin. Nature 312: 724–729. (10.1038/312724a0) / Nature by D Pennica (1984)
Nedwin GE, Naylor SL, Sakaguchi AY, et al. (1985) Human lymphotoxin and tumor necrosis factor genes: Structure, homology and chromosomal localization. Nucleic Acids Res. 13: 6361–6373. (10.1093/nar/13.17.6361) / Nucleic Acids Res. by GE Nedwin (1985)
Breslauer KJ, Frank R, Blocker H, Markey LA. (1986) Predicting DNA duplex stability from the base sequence. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83: 3746–3750. (10.1073/pnas.83.11.3746) / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. by KJ Breslauer (1986)
van der Meer JW, Endres S, Lonnemann G, et al. (1988) Concentrations of immunore-active human tumor necrosis factor α produced by human mononuclear cells in vitro. J. Leukocyte Biol. 43: 216–223. (10.1002/jlb.43.3.216) / J. Leukocyte Biol. by JW van der Meer (1988)
Perez JR, Li Y, Stein CA, Majumder S, van Oorschot A, Narayanan R. (1994) Sequence-independent induction of Sp1 transcription factor activity by phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91: 5957–5961. (10.1073/pnas.91.13.5957) / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. by JR Perez (1994)
Weidner DA, Valdez BC, Henning D, Greenberg S, Busch H. (1995) Phosphorothioate oligonucleotides bind in a non sequence-specific manner to the nucleolar protein c23/nucleolin. FEBS Lett. 366: 146–150. (10.1016/0014-5793(95)00517-D) / FEBS Lett. by DA Weidner (1995)
Bergan RC, Kyle E, Connell Y, Neckers L. (1995) Inhibition of protein-tyrosine kinase activity in intact cells by the aptameric action of oligodeoxynucleotides. Antisense Res. Dev. 5: 33–38. (10.1089/ard.1995.5.33) / Antisense Res. Dev. by RC Bergan (1995)
Chang NS, Intrieri C, Mattison J, Armand G. (1994) Synthetic polysulfated hyaluronic acid is a potent inhibitor for tumor necrosis factor production. J. Leukoc. Biol. 55: 778–784. (10.1002/jlb.55.6.778) / J. Leukoc. Biol. by NS Chang (1994)
Hershkoviz R, Gilat D, Miron S, et al. (1993) Extracellular matrix induces tumour necrosis factor–α secretion by an interaction between resting rat CD4+ T cells and macrophages. Immunology 78: 50–57. / Immunology by R Hershkoviz (1993)
Pacifici R, Basilico C, Roman J, Zutter MM, Santoro SA, McCracken R. (1992) Collagen-induced release of interleukin 1 from human blood mononuclear cells. Potentiation by fibronectin binding to the alpha 5 beta 1 integrin. J. Clin. Invest. 89: 61–67. (10.1172/JCI115586) / J. Clin. Invest. by R Pacifici (1992)
Dawes J. (1993) Interactions of heparins in the vascular environment. Haemostasis 1: 212–219. / Haemostasis by J Dawes (1993)
Leung L, Saigo K, Grant D. (1989) Heparin binds to human monocytes and modulates their procoagulant activities and secretory phenotypes. Effects of histidine-rich glycoprotein. Blood 73: 177–184. (10.1182/blood.V73.1.177.177) / Blood by L Leung (1989)
Stein CA, Cheng YC. (1993) Antisense oligonucleotides as therapeutic agents—Is the bullet really magical? Science 261: 1004–1012. (10.1126/science.8351515) / Science by CA Stein (1993)
Schindler R, Clark BD, Dinarello CA. (1990) Dissociation between interleukin-1 beta mRNA and protein synthesis in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J. Biol. Chem. 265: 10232–10237. (10.1016/S0021-9258(18)86936-8) / J. Biol. Chem. by R Schindler (1990)
Haskill S, Johnson C, Eierman D, Becker S, Warren K. (1988) Adherence induces selective mRNA expression of monocyte mediators and proto-oncogenes. J. Immunol. 140: 1690–1694. (10.4049/jimmunol.140.5.1690) / J. Immunol. by S Haskill (1988)
Ekre HP, Naparstek Y, Lider O, et al. (1992) Anti-inflammatory effects of heparin and its derivatives: Inhibition of complement and of lymphocyte migration. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 313: 329–340. (10.1007/978-1-4899-2444-5_32) / Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. by HP Ekre (1992)
Galbraith WM, Hobson WC, Giclas PC, Schechter PJ, Agrawal S. (1994) Complement activation and hemodynamic changes following intravenous administration of phosphorothioate oligonucleotides in the monkey. Antisense Res. Dev. 4: 201–206. (10.1089/ard.1994.4.201) / Antisense Res. Dev. by WM Galbraith (1994)

Dates

Type	When
Created	6 years, 11 months ago (Sept. 5, 2018, 2:26 a.m.)
Deposited	1 month, 3 weeks ago (July 6, 2025, 5:31 p.m.)
Indexed	1 month, 3 weeks ago (July 7, 2025, 12:03 a.m.)
Issued	29 years, 1 month ago (July 1, 1996)
Published	29 years, 1 month ago (July 1, 1996)
Published Online	29 years, 1 month ago (July 1, 1996)
Published Print	29 years, 1 month ago (July 1, 1996)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Hartmann_1996, title={Oligodeoxynucleotides Enhance Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Synthesis of Tumor Necrosis Factor: Dependence on Phosphorothioate Modification and Reversal by Heparin}, volume={2}, ISSN={1528-3658}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03401902}, DOI={10.1007/bf03401902}, number={4}, journal={Molecular Medicine}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Hartmann, Gunther and Krug, Anne and Waller-Fontaine, Kerstin and Endres, Stefan}, year={1996}, month=jul, pages={429–438} }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2025,
        7,
        7
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2025-07-07T04:03:28Z",
    "timestamp": 1751861008541,
    "version": "3.41.0"
  },
  "reference-count": 42,
  "publisher": "Springer Science and Business Media LLC",
  "issue": "4",
  "license": [
    {
      "start": {
        "date-parts": [
          [
            1996,
            7,
            1
          ]
        ],
        "date-time": "1996-07-01T00:00:00Z",
        "timestamp": 836179200000
      },
      "content-version": "tdm",
      "delay-in-days": 0,
      "URL": "https://www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining"
    },
    {
      "start": {
        "date-parts": [
          [
            1996,
            7,
            1
          ]
        ],
        "date-time": "1996-07-01T00:00:00Z",
        "timestamp": 836179200000
      },
      "content-version": "vor",
      "delay-in-days": 0,
      "URL": "https://www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining"
    }
  ],
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [
      "link.springer.com"
    ],
    "crossmark-restriction": false
  },
  "published-print": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1996,
        7
      ]
    ]
  },
  "DOI": "10.1007/bf03401902",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2018,
        9,
        5
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2018-09-05T06:26:06Z",
    "timestamp": 1536128766000
  },
  "page": "429-438",
  "update-policy": "https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 74,
  "title": "Oligodeoxynucleotides Enhance Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Synthesis of Tumor Necrosis Factor: Dependence on Phosphorothioate Modification and Reversal by Heparin",
  "prefix": "10.1007",
  "volume": "2",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "Gunther",
      "family": "Hartmann",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Anne",
      "family": "Krug",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Kerstin",
      "family": "Waller-Fontaine",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Stefan",
      "family": "Endres",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    }
  ],
  "member": "297",
  "published-online": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1996,
        7,
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "BF03401902_CR1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "316",
      "DOI": "10.1056/NEJM199602013340508",
      "volume": "334",
      "author": "FK Askari",
      "year": "1996",
      "unstructured": "Askari FK, McDonnell WM. (1996) Antisense-oligonucleotide therapy. N. Engl. J. Med. 334: 316\u2013318.",
      "journal-title": "N. Engl. J. Med."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF03401902_CR2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "1055",
      "DOI": "10.1002/bies.950171210",
      "volume": "17",
      "author": "HW Sharma",
      "year": "1995",
      "unstructured": "Sharma HW, Narayanan R. (1995) The therapeutic potential of antisense oligonucleotides. Bioessays 17: 1055\u20131063.",
      "journal-title": "Bioessays"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF03401902_CR3",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "587",
      "DOI": "10.1097/00001622-199411000-00010",
      "volume": "6",
      "author": "CA Stein",
      "year": "1994",
      "unstructured": "Stein CA, Narayanan R. (1994) Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides. Curr. Opin. Oncol. 6: 587\u2013594.",
      "journal-title": "Curr. Opin. Oncol."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF03401902_CR4",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "333",
      "DOI": "10.1038/372333a0",
      "volume": "372",
      "author": "RW Wagner",
      "year": "1994",
      "unstructured": "Wagner RW. (1994) Gene inhibition using antisense oligodeoxynucleotides. Nature 372: 333\u2013335.",
      "journal-title": "Nature"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF03401902_CR5",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "217",
      "DOI": "10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a072948",
      "volume": "51",
      "author": "JJ Rossi",
      "year": "1995",
      "unstructured": "Rossi JJ. (1995) Therapeutic antisense and ribozymes. Br. Med. Bull. 51: 217\u2013225.",
      "journal-title": "Br. Med. Bull."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF03401902_CR6",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "1792",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.1299224",
      "volume": "258",
      "author": "I Kitajima",
      "year": "1992",
      "unstructured": "Kitajima I, Shinohara T, Bilakovics J, Brown DA, Xu X, Nerenberg M. (1992) Ablation of transplanted HTLV-I tax-transformed tumors in mice by antisense inhibition of NF-\u03baB. Science 258: 1792\u20131795.",
      "journal-title": "Science"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF03401902_CR7",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "9901",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.90.21.9901",
      "volume": "90",
      "author": "KA Higgins",
      "year": "1993",
      "unstructured": "Higgins KA, Perez JR, Coleman TA, et al. (1993) Antisense inhibition of the p65 sub-unit of NF-\u03baB blocks tumorigenicity and causes tumor regression. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90: 9901\u20139905.",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF03401902_CR8",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "10460",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.91.22.10460",
      "volume": "91",
      "author": "G Schwab",
      "year": "1994",
      "unstructured": "Schwab G, Chavany C, Duroux I, et al. (1994) Antisense oligonucleotides adsorbed to polyalkylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles specifically inhibit mutated Ha-ras\u2013mediated cell proliferation and tumorigenicity in nude mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91: 10460\u201310464.",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF03401902_CR9",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "4504",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.91.10.4504",
      "volume": "91",
      "author": "T Skorski",
      "year": "1994",
      "unstructured": "Skorski T, Nieborowska SM, Nicolaides NC, et al. (1994) Suppression of Philadelphia1 leukemia cell growth in mice by bcr-abl antisense oligodeoxynucleotide. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91: 4504\u20134508.",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF03401902_CR10",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "1257",
      "DOI": "10.1002/j.1460-2075.1993.tb05767.x",
      "volume": "12",
      "author": "WB Offensperger",
      "year": "1993",
      "unstructured": "Offensperger WB, Offensperger S, Walter E, et al. (1993) In vivo inhibition of duck hepatitis B virus replication and gene expression by phosphorothioate-modified antisense oligodeoxynucleotides. EMBO J. 12: 1257\u20131262.",
      "journal-title": "EMBO J."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF03401902_CR11",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "1458",
      "DOI": "10.1172/JCI117123",
      "volume": "93",
      "author": "R Morishita",
      "year": "1994",
      "unstructured": "Morishita R, Gibbons GH, Ellison KE, et al. (1994) Intimai hyperplasia after vascular injury is inhibited by antisense cdk 2 kinase oligonucleotides. J. Clin. Invest. 93: 1458\u20131464.",
      "journal-title": "J. Clin. Invest."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF03401902_CR12",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "383",
      "DOI": "10.1089/ard.1993.3.383",
      "volume": "3",
      "author": "E Bayever",
      "year": "1993",
      "unstructured": "Bayever E, Iversen PL, Bishop MR, et al. (1993) Systemic administration of a phosphorothioate oligonucleotide with a sequence complementary to p53 for acute myelogenous leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome: Initial results of a phase I trial. Antisense Res. Dev. 3: 383\u2013390.",
      "journal-title": "Antisense Res. Dev."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF03401902_CR13",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "67",
      "DOI": "10.1089/ard.1995.5.67",
      "volume": "5",
      "author": "GL Nichols",
      "year": "1995",
      "unstructured": "Nichols GL. (1995) Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides as therapeutic agents for chronic myelogenous leukemia. Antisense Res. Dev. 5: 67\u201369.",
      "journal-title": "Antisense Res. Dev."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF03401902_CR14",
      "first-page": "S57",
      "volume": "14",
      "author": "AM Gewirtz",
      "year": "1994",
      "unstructured": "Gewirtz AM. (1994) Treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) with c-myb antisense oligodeoxynucleotides. Bone Marrow Transplant. 14: S57\u2013S61.",
      "journal-title": "Bone Marrow Transplant."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF03401902_CR15",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "44",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0009-9236(95)90071-3",
      "volume": "58",
      "author": "R Zhang",
      "year": "1995",
      "unstructured": "Zhang R, Yan J, Shahinian H, et al. (1995) Pharmacokinetics of an anti-human immunodeficiency virus antisense oligodeoxynucleotide phosphorothioate (GEM 91) in HIV-infected subjects. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 58: 44\u201353.",
      "journal-title": "Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF03401902_CR16",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "368",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.7716538",
      "volume": "268",
      "author": "J Cohen",
      "year": "1995",
      "unstructured": "Cohen J. (1995) AIDS therapy. New hope against blindness. Science 268: 368\u2013369.",
      "journal-title": "Science"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF03401902_CR17",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "1",
      "DOI": "10.1089/ard.1995.5.1",
      "volume": "5",
      "author": "JW Hawkins",
      "year": "1995",
      "unstructured": "Hawkins JW. (1995) Oligonucleotide therapeutics: Coming\u2019 round the clubhouse turn. Antisense Res. Dev. 5: 1.",
      "journal-title": "Antisense Res. Dev."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF03401902_CR18",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "575",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.270.5236.575",
      "volume": "270",
      "author": "T Gura",
      "year": "1995",
      "unstructured": "Gura T. (1995) Antisense has growing pains. Science 270: 575\u2013577.",
      "journal-title": "Science"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF03401902_CR19",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "1119",
      "DOI": "10.1038/nm1195-1119",
      "volume": "1",
      "author": "CA Stein",
      "year": "1995",
      "unstructured": "Stein CA. (1995) Does antisense exist? Nature Medicine 1: 1119\u20131121.",
      "journal-title": "Nature Medicine"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF03401902_CR20",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "271",
      "DOI": "10.1089/ard.1995.5.271",
      "volume": "5",
      "author": "B Jansen",
      "year": "1995",
      "unstructured": "Jansen B, Wadl H, Inoue SA, et al. (1995) Phosphorothioate oligonucleotides reduce melanoma growth in a SCID-hu mouse model by a nonantisense mechanism. Antisense Res. Dev. 5: 271\u2013277.",
      "journal-title": "Antisense Res. Dev."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF03401902_CR21",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "546",
      "DOI": "10.1038/374546a0",
      "volume": "374",
      "author": "AM Krieg",
      "year": "1995",
      "unstructured": "Krieg AM, Yi AK, Matson S, et al. (1995) CpG motifs in bacterial DNA trigger direct B-cell activation. Nature 374: 546\u2013549.",
      "journal-title": "Nature"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF03401902_CR22",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "738",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0026-895X(25)10529-4",
      "volume": "48",
      "author": "C Chavany",
      "year": "1995",
      "unstructured": "Chavany C, Connell Y, Neckers L. (1995) Contribution of sequence and phosphorothioate content to inhibition of cell growth and adhesion caused by c-myc antisense oligomers. Mol. Pharmacol. 48: 738\u2013746.",
      "journal-title": "Mol. Pharmacol."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF03401902_CR23",
      "first-page": "2156",
      "volume": "8",
      "author": "SG Obrien",
      "year": "1994",
      "unstructured": "Obrien SG, Kirkland MA, Melo JV, et al. (1994) Antisense BCR-ABL oligomers cause non-specific inhibition of chronic myeloid leukemia cell lines. Leukemia 8: 2156\u20132162.",
      "journal-title": "Leukemia"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF03401902_CR24",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "77",
      "DOI": "10.3109/00365516809076979",
      "volume": "21",
      "author": "A B\u00f8yum",
      "year": "1968",
      "unstructured": "B\u00f8yum A. (1968) Isolation of mononuclear cells and granulocytes from human blood (paper IV). Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 21: 77\u201389, 107\u2013109.",
      "journal-title": "Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF03401902_CR25",
      "first-page": "56",
      "volume": "72",
      "author": "S Endres",
      "year": "1991",
      "unstructured": "Endres S, F\u00fclle HJ, Sinha B, et al. (1991) Cyclic nucleotides differentially regulate the synthesis of tumour necrosis factor-\u03b1 and interleukin-1\u03b2 by human mononuclear cells. Immunology 72: 56\u201360.",
      "journal-title": "Immunology"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF03401902_CR26",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "724",
      "DOI": "10.1038/312724a0",
      "volume": "312",
      "author": "D Pennica",
      "year": "1984",
      "unstructured": "Pennica D, Nedwin GE, Hayflick JS, et al. (1984) Human tumour necrosis factor: Precursor structure, expression and homology to lymphotoxin. Nature 312: 724\u2013729.",
      "journal-title": "Nature"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF03401902_CR27",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "6361",
      "DOI": "10.1093/nar/13.17.6361",
      "volume": "13",
      "author": "GE Nedwin",
      "year": "1985",
      "unstructured": "Nedwin GE, Naylor SL, Sakaguchi AY, et al. (1985) Human lymphotoxin and tumor necrosis factor genes: Structure, homology and chromosomal localization. Nucleic Acids Res. 13: 6361\u20136373.",
      "journal-title": "Nucleic Acids Res."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF03401902_CR28",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "3746",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.83.11.3746",
      "volume": "83",
      "author": "KJ Breslauer",
      "year": "1986",
      "unstructured": "Breslauer KJ, Frank R, Blocker H, Markey LA. (1986) Predicting DNA duplex stability from the base sequence. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83: 3746\u20133750.",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF03401902_CR29",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "216",
      "DOI": "10.1002/jlb.43.3.216",
      "volume": "43",
      "author": "JW van der Meer",
      "year": "1988",
      "unstructured": "van der Meer JW, Endres S, Lonnemann G, et al. (1988) Concentrations of immunore-active human tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 produced by human mononuclear cells in vitro. J. Leukocyte Biol. 43: 216\u2013223.",
      "journal-title": "J. Leukocyte Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF03401902_CR30",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "5957",
      "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.91.13.5957",
      "volume": "91",
      "author": "JR Perez",
      "year": "1994",
      "unstructured": "Perez JR, Li Y, Stein CA, Majumder S, van Oorschot A, Narayanan R. (1994) Sequence-independent induction of Sp1 transcription factor activity by phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91: 5957\u20135961.",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF03401902_CR31",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "146",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0014-5793(95)00517-D",
      "volume": "366",
      "author": "DA Weidner",
      "year": "1995",
      "unstructured": "Weidner DA, Valdez BC, Henning D, Greenberg S, Busch H. (1995) Phosphorothioate oligonucleotides bind in a non sequence-specific manner to the nucleolar protein c23/nucleolin. FEBS Lett. 366: 146\u2013150.",
      "journal-title": "FEBS Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF03401902_CR32",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "33",
      "DOI": "10.1089/ard.1995.5.33",
      "volume": "5",
      "author": "RC Bergan",
      "year": "1995",
      "unstructured": "Bergan RC, Kyle E, Connell Y, Neckers L. (1995) Inhibition of protein-tyrosine kinase activity in intact cells by the aptameric action of oligodeoxynucleotides. Antisense Res. Dev. 5: 33\u201338.",
      "journal-title": "Antisense Res. Dev."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF03401902_CR33",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "778",
      "DOI": "10.1002/jlb.55.6.778",
      "volume": "55",
      "author": "NS Chang",
      "year": "1994",
      "unstructured": "Chang NS, Intrieri C, Mattison J, Armand G. (1994) Synthetic polysulfated hyaluronic acid is a potent inhibitor for tumor necrosis factor production. J. Leukoc. Biol. 55: 778\u2013784.",
      "journal-title": "J. Leukoc. Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF03401902_CR34",
      "first-page": "50",
      "volume": "78",
      "author": "R Hershkoviz",
      "year": "1993",
      "unstructured": "Hershkoviz R, Gilat D, Miron S, et al. (1993) Extracellular matrix induces tumour necrosis factor\u2013\u03b1 secretion by an interaction between resting rat CD4+ T cells and macrophages. Immunology 78: 50\u201357.",
      "journal-title": "Immunology"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF03401902_CR35",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "61",
      "DOI": "10.1172/JCI115586",
      "volume": "89",
      "author": "R Pacifici",
      "year": "1992",
      "unstructured": "Pacifici R, Basilico C, Roman J, Zutter MM, Santoro SA, McCracken R. (1992) Collagen-induced release of interleukin 1 from human blood mononuclear cells. Potentiation by fibronectin binding to the alpha 5 beta 1 integrin. J. Clin. Invest. 89: 61\u201367.",
      "journal-title": "J. Clin. Invest."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF03401902_CR36",
      "first-page": "212",
      "volume": "1",
      "author": "J Dawes",
      "year": "1993",
      "unstructured": "Dawes J. (1993) Interactions of heparins in the vascular environment. Haemostasis 1: 212\u2013219.",
      "journal-title": "Haemostasis"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF03401902_CR37",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "177",
      "DOI": "10.1182/blood.V73.1.177.177",
      "volume": "73",
      "author": "L Leung",
      "year": "1989",
      "unstructured": "Leung L, Saigo K, Grant D. (1989) Heparin binds to human monocytes and modulates their procoagulant activities and secretory phenotypes. Effects of histidine-rich glycoprotein. Blood 73: 177\u2013184.",
      "journal-title": "Blood"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF03401902_CR38",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "1004",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.8351515",
      "volume": "261",
      "author": "CA Stein",
      "year": "1993",
      "unstructured": "Stein CA, Cheng YC. (1993) Antisense oligonucleotides as therapeutic agents\u2014Is the bullet really magical? Science 261: 1004\u20131012.",
      "journal-title": "Science"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF03401902_CR39",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "10232",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0021-9258(18)86936-8",
      "volume": "265",
      "author": "R Schindler",
      "year": "1990",
      "unstructured": "Schindler R, Clark BD, Dinarello CA. (1990) Dissociation between interleukin-1 beta mRNA and protein synthesis in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J. Biol. Chem. 265: 10232\u201310237.",
      "journal-title": "J. Biol. Chem."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF03401902_CR40",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1690",
      "DOI": "10.4049/jimmunol.140.5.1690",
      "volume": "140",
      "author": "S Haskill",
      "year": "1988",
      "unstructured": "Haskill S, Johnson C, Eierman D, Becker S, Warren K. (1988) Adherence induces selective mRNA expression of monocyte mediators and proto-oncogenes. J. Immunol. 140: 1690\u20131694.",
      "journal-title": "J. Immunol."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF03401902_CR41",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "329",
      "DOI": "10.1007/978-1-4899-2444-5_32",
      "volume": "313",
      "author": "HP Ekre",
      "year": "1992",
      "unstructured": "Ekre HP, Naparstek Y, Lider O, et al. (1992) Anti-inflammatory effects of heparin and its derivatives: Inhibition of complement and of lymphocyte migration. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 313: 329\u2013340.",
      "journal-title": "Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF03401902_CR42",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "first-page": "201",
      "DOI": "10.1089/ard.1994.4.201",
      "volume": "4",
      "author": "WM Galbraith",
      "year": "1994",
      "unstructured": "Galbraith WM, Hobson WC, Giclas PC, Schechter PJ, Agrawal S. (1994) Complement activation and hemodynamic changes following intravenous administration of phosphorothioate oligonucleotides in the monkey. Antisense Res. Dev. 4: 201\u2013206.",
      "journal-title": "Antisense Res. Dev."
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "Molecular Medicine",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF03401902/fulltext.html",
      "content-type": "text/html",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "text-mining"
    },
    {
      "URL": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF03401902.pdf",
      "content-type": "application/pdf",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "text-mining"
    },
    {
      "URL": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF03401902.pdf",
      "content-type": "application/pdf",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "similarity-checking"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2025,
        7,
        6
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2025-07-06T21:31:01Z",
    "timestamp": 1751837461000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://molmed.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1007/BF03401902"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1996,
        7
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 42,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "4",
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          1996,
          7
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "alternative-id": [
    "BF03401902"
  ],
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03401902",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "1076-1551",
    "1528-3658"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "container-title-short": "Mol Med",
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1996,
        7
      ]
    ]
  },
  "assertion": [
    {
      "value": "1 July 1996",
      "order": 1,
      "name": "first_online",
      "label": "First Online",
      "group": {
        "name": "ArticleHistory",
        "label": "Article History"
      }
    }
  ]
}