DOI: 10.1007/bf01646487. There are no Goldstone bosons in two dimensions

There are no Goldstone bosons in two dimensions

10.1007/bf01646487

Crossref journal-article

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Communications in Mathematical Physics (297)

Bibliography

Coleman, S. (1973). There are no Goldstone bosons in two dimensions. Communications in Mathematical Physics, 31(4), 259â264.

Authors 1

Sidney Coleman (first)

References 12 Referenced 1,063

Goldstone, J., Salam, A., Weinberg, S.: Phys. Rev.127, 965 (1962). (10.1103/PhysRev.127.965) / Phys. Rev. by J. Goldstone (1962)
Actually, the right-hand side of Eq. (2) is intolerably crudely defined. For a proper definition, see Kastler, D., Robinson, D., Swieca, A.: Commun. math. Phys.3, 151 (1966). The use of the proper definition does not affect the proof given in the text, except by making some of the equations look more complicated. (10.1007/BF01645409) / Commun. math. Phys. by D. Kastler (1966)
As stated, for example. In: Streater, R., Wightman, A.: TCP, Spin and Statistics, and All That. New York: R. A. Benjamin 1964. / TCP, Spin and Statistics, and All That by R. Streater (1964)
This is the procedure of Kastler, Robinson, and Swieca (Ref. 3). The desired generalization has been proved by L. Landau (private communication).
Mermin, N. D., Wagner, H.: Phys. Rev. Letters17, 1133 (1966). (10.1103/PhysRevLett.17.1133) / Phys. Rev. Letters by N. D. Mermin (1966)
Englert, F., Brout, R.: Phys. Rev. Letters13, 321 (1964). (10.1103/PhysRevLett.13.321) / Phys. Rev. Letters by F. Englert (1964)
Higgs, P.: Phys. Letters12, 132 (1964). (10.1016/0031-9163(64)91136-9) / Phys. Letters by P. Higgs (1964)
Guralnik, G., Hagen, C., Kibble, T.: Phys. Rev. Letters13, 585 (1964). (10.1103/PhysRevLett.13.585) / Phys. Rev. Letters by G. Guralnik (1964)
Higgs, P.: Phys. Rev.145, 1156 (1966). (10.1103/PhysRev.145.1156) / Phys. Rev. by P. Higgs (1966)
Kibble, T.: Phys. Rev.155, 1554 (1967). (10.1103/PhysRev.155.1554) / Phys. Rev. by T. Kibble (1967)
Private communication (through A. Wightman).
This is an old observation. Schroer, B.: Fortschr. der Physik11, 1 (1963) and Wightman, A.: in High Energy Electromagnetic Interactions and Field Theory, ed. by Levy, M.: New York: Gordon and Breach 1967. This statement should not be taken to mean that there are no zero mass scalar particles in two dimensions. Indeed, if one defines “particle” in the usual way, as a normalizable eigenstate ofP μ P μ, the usual two-dimensional theory of massless Dirac fields contains massless scalar particles; these are states of one fermion and one antifermion, both in normalizable states moving to the left. It is a peculiarity of massless two-dimensional kinematics that, despite the fact that this is a normalizable two-particle state in Fock space, it is still an eigenstate ofP μ P μ. Consistent with the remarks above, though, the field : $$\bar \psi \psi$$ :, whose two-point function one might expect to possess a delta-function singularity because of the existence of these states, has in fact zero amplitude for creating these states from the vacuum. (10.1002/prop.19630110102) / Fortschr. der Physik by B. Schroer (1963)

Dates

Type	When
Created	20 years, 3 months ago (May 7, 2005, 10:48 a.m.)
Deposited	6 years, 3 months ago (May 7, 2019, 4:35 a.m.)
Indexed	15 minutes ago (Sept. 2, 2025, 1:29 p.m.)
Issued	51 years, 9 months ago (Dec. 1, 1973)
Published	51 years, 9 months ago (Dec. 1, 1973)
Published Print	51 years, 9 months ago (Dec. 1, 1973)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Coleman_1973, title={There are no Goldstone bosons in two dimensions}, volume={31}, ISSN={1432-0916}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01646487}, DOI={10.1007/bf01646487}, number={4}, journal={Communications in Mathematical Physics}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Coleman, Sidney}, year={1973}, month=dec, pages={259–264} }

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