DOI: 10.1007/bf00900531. Polarization selective optical heterodyne detection for dramatically improved sensitivity in laser spectroscopy

Polarization selective optical heterodyne detection for dramatically improved sensitivity in laser spectroscopy

10.1007/bf00900531

Crossref journal-article

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Applied Physics (297)

Bibliography

Levenson, M. D., & Eesley, G. L. (1979). Polarization selective optical heterodyne detection for dramatically improved sensitivity in laser spectroscopy. Applied Physics, 19(1), 1â17.

Authors 2

M. D. Levenson (first)
G. L. Eesley (additional)

References 60 Referenced 110

V.S. Letokhov, V.P. Chebotayev:Nonlinear Laser Spectroscopy, Springer Series in Optical Sciences, Vol. 4 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 1977) (10.1007/978-3-540-37541-8) / Nonlinear Laser Spectroscopy / Springer Series in Optical Sciences by V.S. Letokhov (1977)
A.B. Harvey (ed.):Chemical Applications of Nonlinear Spectroscopy (Academic Press, New York 1978) / Chemical Applications of Nonlinear Spectroscopy (1978)
R.G. Brewer: InFrontiers of Laser Spectroscopy, ed. by R. Balian, S. Haroche, and S. Liberman (North Holland, Amsterdam 1978) Vol. I, Chap. 4, pp. 343–398 / Frontiers of Laser Spectroscopy by R.G. Brewer (1978)
W. Kaiser, C.G.B. Garret: Phys. Rev. Lett.7, 229 (1961) (10.1103/PhysRevLett.7.229) / Phys. Rev. Lett. by W. Kaiser (1961)
W.M. Tolles, R.D. Turner: Appl. Spectrosc.31, 96–103 (1977) (10.1366/000370277774463968) / Appl. Spectrosc. by W.M. Tolles (1977)
A. Owyoung: IEEE J. QE-14, 192 and 202 (1978) (10.1109/JQE.1978.1069760) / IEEE J. QE by A. Owyoung (1978)
J.J. Song, G.L. Eesley, M.D. Levenson: Appl. Phys. Lett29, 567–569 (1976) (10.1063/1.89189) / Appl. Phys. Lett by J.J. Song (1976)
W.J. Jones, B.P. Stoicheff: Phys. Rev. Lett.13, 657 (1964) (10.1103/PhysRevLett.13.657) / Phys. Rev. Lett. by W.J. Jones (1964)
C. Wieman, T.W. Hänsch: Phys. Rev. Lett.36, 1170 (1976) (10.1103/PhysRevLett.36.1170) / Phys. Rev. Lett. by C. Wieman (1976)
G.L. Eesley, M.D. Levenson, W.M. Tolles: IEEE J. QE-14, 45–48 (1978) (10.1109/JQE.1978.1069665) / IEEE J. QE by G.L. Eesley (1978)
F.V. Kowalski, W.T. Hill, A.L. Schawlow: Opt. Lett.2, 112–114 (1978) (10.1364/OL.2.000112) / Opt. Lett. by F.V. Kowalski (1978)
P.F. Liao, G.C. Bjorklund: Phys. Rev. Lett.36, 584 (1976) (10.1103/PhysRevLett.36.584) / Phys. Rev. Lett. by P.F. Liao (1976)
P.D. Maker, R.W. Terhune: Phys. Rev.137A, 801 (1965) (10.1103/PhysRev.137.A801) / Phys. Rev. by P.D. Maker (1965)
D. Marcuse:Engineering Quantum Electrodynamics (Harcourt Brace and World, New York 1971) Chap. 6 / Engineering Quantum Electrodynamics by D. Marcuse (1971)
W.B. Roh, P.W. Schreiber, J.E.P. Taran: Appl. Phys. Lett.29, 174–176 (1976) (10.1063/1.89013) / Appl. Phys. Lett. by W.B. Roh (1976)
C. Delsart, J.C. Keller: InLaser Spectroscopy III, ed. by J.L. Hall and J.L. Carlsten, Springer Series in Optical Sciences, Vol. 7 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 1977) pp. 154–159 (10.1007/978-3-540-35968-5_19) / Laser Spectroscopy III / Springer Series in Optical Sciences by C. Delsart (1977)
H. Lotem, R.T. Lunch Jr., N. Bloembergen: Phys. Rev. A14, 1748 (1976) (10.1103/PhysRevA.14.1748) / Phys. Rev. A by H. Lotem (1976)
R.H. Kingston:Detection of Optical and Infrared Radiation, Springer Series in Optical Sciences, Vol. 10 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 1978) (10.1007/978-3-540-35948-7) / Detection of Optical and Infrared Radiation / Springer Series in Optical Sciences by R.H. Kingston (1978)
D. Wolf (ed.):Noise in Physical Systems, Springer Series in Electrophysics, Vol. 2 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 1978) / Noise in Physical Systems / Springer Series in Electrophysics (1978)
A. Yariv:Introduction to Optical Electronics (Holt Rinehart and Winston, New York 1971) Chap. 11 / Introduction to Optical Electronics by A. Yariv (1971)
G.L. Eesley: Ph.D. Thesis, University of Southern California (1978)
J.W. Goodman: ManuscriptStatistical Optics, “Noise in Photographic Detection” (1976)
R.J. Keyes (ed.):Optical and Infrared Detectors, topics Appl. Phys. 19 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 1977) / Optical and Infrared Detectors / topics Appl. Phys. (1977)
Noise-equivalent power (NEP) is defined as the optical power required to produce a detector response equivalent to η of (15) and normalized for band width Δν; forK=1, the units of NEP are watts/√Hz.
E.H. Armstrong: I.R.E.9, 3 (1921) / I.R.E. by E.H. Armstrong (1921)
R.G. Brewer, A.Z. Genack: Phys. Rev. Lett.36, 959 (1976) (10.1103/PhysRevLett.36.959) / Phys. Rev. Lett. by R.G. Brewer (1976)
R.G. Brewer: private communication
D. Heiman, R.W. Hellwarth, M.D. Levenson, G. Martin: Phys. Rev. Lett.36, 189–192 (1976) (10.1103/PhysRevLett.36.189) / Phys. Rev. Lett. by D. Heiman (1976)
N. Bloembergen (ed.):Nonlinear Spectroscopy (North Holland, Amsterdam 1977) Chap. 1 / Nonlinear Spectroscopy (1977)
N. Bloembergen, M.D. Levenson: InHigh Resolution Laser Spectroscopy, ed. by K. Shimoda, Topics Appl. Phys.13 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 1976) pp. 315–364 (10.1007/3540077197_24) / High Resolution Laser Spectroscopy / Topics Appl. Phys. by N. Bloembergen (1976)
D. Grischkowsky, M.M. Loy, P.F. Liao: Phys. Rev. A12, 2544 (1975) / Phys. Rev. A by D. Grischkowsky (1975)
B. Cagnac, G. Grynberg, F. Biraben: J. Phys.34, 66 (1973) (10.1051/jphys:019730034010084500) / J. Phys. by B. Cagnac (1973)
V.P. Chebotayev, V.S. Letokhov: InProgress in Quantum Electronics, ed. by J.H.Sanders and S.Stenholm (Pergamon Press, London 1976) Vol. IV, Pt. 2, pp. 111–206 / Progress in Quantum Electronics by V.P. Chebotayev (1976)
Chr.Flytzanis, N.Bloembergen: InProgress in Quantum Electronics, ed. by J.H.Sanders and S.Stenholm (Pergamon Press, London 1976) Vol. IV, Pt. 2, pp. 271–300 / Progress in Quantum Electronics by Chr Flytzanis (1976)
J.W.Nibler, G.V.Knighten: InRaman Spectroscopy of Gases and Liquids, ed. by A.Weber, Topics in Current Physics11 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 1977) Ch. 7 / Raman Spectroscopy of Gases and Liquids / Topics in Current Physics by J.W. Nibler (1977)
R.W.Hellwarth: InProgress in Quantum Electronics, ed. by J.H.Sanders and S.Stenholm (Pergamon Press, London 1976) vol. V, Pt. 1, pp. 1–68 / Progress in Quantum Electronics by R.W. Hellwarth (1976)
T.W.Hänsch, P.Toschek: Z. Physik236, 213 (1970) (10.1007/BF01394503) / Z. Physik by T.W. Hänsch (1970)
T.W.Hänsch: InNonlinear Spectroscopy, ed. by N.Bloembergen (North Holland, Amsterdam 1977) Chap. 2 / Nonlinear Spectroscopy by T.W. Hänsch (1977)
C.Bordé, G.Camy, B.Decomps, L.Pottier: In Colloques International du CNRS, No. 217 (1974) p. 231
A.Yariv:Quantum Electronics (Wiley, New York 1975) App. 1 / Quantum Electronics by A. Yariv (1975)
J.J.Song, J.H.Lee, M.D.Levenson: Phys. Rev. A17, 1439–1447 (1978) (10.1103/PhysRevA.17.1439) / Phys. Rev. A by J.J. Song (1978)
J.L.Hall: private communication
R.T.Lynch,Jr.: Ph.D. Thesis, Harvard University (1977) (unpublished)
S.D.Kramer, N.Bloembergen: Phys. Rev. B14, 4654–4669 (1976) (10.1103/PhysRevB.14.4654) / Phys. Rev. B by S.D. Kramer (1976)
R.T.Hodgson, P.P.Sorokin, J.J.Wynne: Phys. Rev. Lett.32, 343 (1974) (10.1103/PhysRevLett.32.343) / Phys. Rev. Lett. by R.T. Hodgson (1974)
M.M.T.Loy: Phys. Rev. Lett.36, 1454–1457 (1976) (10.1103/PhysRevLett.36.1454) / Phys. Rev. Lett. by M.M.T. Loy (1976)
P.F.Liao, J.E.Bjorkholm, J.P.Gordon:Phys. Rev. Lett.39, 18 (1977) (10.1103/PhysRevLett.39.18) / Phys. Rev. Lett. by P.F. Liao (1977)
P.F.Liao, N.P.Economou, R.R.Freeman: Phys. Rev. Lett.39, 1473 (1977) (10.1103/PhysRevLett.39.1473) / Phys. Rev. Lett. by P.F. Liao (1977)
R.G.Devoe, R.G.Brewer: Phys. Rev.40, 862 (1978) / Phys. Rev. by R.G. Devoe (1978)
R.G.Brewer, R.L.Shoemaker: Phys. Rev. Lett.27, 631 (1971) (10.1103/PhysRevLett.27.631) / Phys. Rev. Lett. by R.G. Brewer (1971)
P.D.Maker, R.W.Terhune, C.M.Savage: Phys. Rev. Lett.12, 507–509 (1964) (10.1103/PhysRevLett.12.507) / Phys. Rev. Lett. by P.D. Maker (1964)
U.Fano, G.Racah:Irreduceable Tensor Sets (Academic Press, New York 1951) / Irreduceable Tensor Sets by U. Fano (1951)
G.C.Bjorklund: IEEE J QE-11, 287–296 (1975) (10.1109/JQE.1975.1068619) / IEEE J QE by G.C. Bjorklund (1975)
G.D.Boyd, J.P.Gordon: Bell System Tech. J.40, 489–508 (1961) (10.1002/j.1538-7305.1961.tb01626.x) / Bell System Tech. J. by G.D. Boyd (1961)
G.I.Kachen, W.H.Lowdermilk: Phys. Rev. A14, 1472–1474 (1976) and16, 1657–1664 (1977) (10.1103/PhysRevA.14.1472) / Phys. Rev. A by G.I. Kachen (1976)
For example, the Meret Corp. MDA 7708, Silicon PIN Diode with integral trans resistance amplifier. Similar devices are now being developed for use in fiber optic applications. See also [Ref. 20b, Chap. 6]
OMA catalog, Princeton Applied Research Corp. Princeton, New Jersey (1975)
H.Z.Cummings, H.B.Swinney: InProgress in Optics (North Holland, Amsterdam 1970) Vol. VIII, Chap. 3 / Progress in Optics by H.Z. Cummings (1970)
A.Papoulis:Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic Processes (McGraw-Hill, New York 1965) Chap. 14 / Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic Processes by A. Papoulis (1965)
L.Mandel, E.Wolf: Rev. Mod. Phys.37, 231 (1965) (10.1103/RevModPhys.37.231) / Rev. Mod. Phys. by L. Mandel (1965)

Dates

Type	When
Created	20 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 29, 2004, 7:08 a.m.)
Deposited	6 years, 4 months ago (April 29, 2019, 12:16 p.m.)
Indexed	5 months ago (March 24, 2025, 2:44 a.m.)
Issued	46 years, 3 months ago (May 1, 1979)
Published	46 years, 3 months ago (May 1, 1979)
Published Print	46 years, 3 months ago (May 1, 1979)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Levenson_1979, title={Polarization selective optical heterodyne detection for dramatically improved sensitivity in laser spectroscopy}, volume={19}, ISSN={1432-0630}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00900531}, DOI={10.1007/bf00900531}, number={1}, journal={Applied Physics}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Levenson, M. D. and Eesley, G. L.}, year={1979}, month=may, pages={1–17} }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2025,
        3,
        24
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2025-03-24T06:44:54Z",
    "timestamp": 1742798694434
  },
  "reference-count": 60,
  "publisher": "Springer Science and Business Media LLC",
  "issue": "1",
  "license": [
    {
      "start": {
        "date-parts": [
          [
            1979,
            5,
            1
          ]
        ],
        "date-time": "1979-05-01T00:00:00Z",
        "timestamp": 294364800000
      },
      "content-version": "tdm",
      "delay-in-days": 0,
      "URL": "http://www.springer.com/tdm"
    }
  ],
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [],
    "crossmark-restriction": false
  },
  "published-print": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1979,
        5
      ]
    ]
  },
  "DOI": "10.1007/bf00900531",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2004,
        12,
        29
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2004-12-29T12:08:35Z",
    "timestamp": 1104322115000
  },
  "page": "1-17",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 110,
  "title": "Polarization selective optical heterodyne detection for dramatically improved sensitivity in laser spectroscopy",
  "prefix": "10.1007",
  "volume": "19",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "M. D.",
      "family": "Levenson",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "G. L.",
      "family": "Eesley",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    }
  ],
  "member": "297",
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "BF00900531_CR1",
      "series-title": "Springer Series in Optical Sciences",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "DOI": "10.1007/978-3-540-37541-8",
      "volume-title": "Nonlinear Laser Spectroscopy",
      "author": "V.S. Letokhov",
      "year": "1977",
      "unstructured": "V.S. Letokhov, V.P. Chebotayev:Nonlinear Laser Spectroscopy, Springer Series in Optical Sciences, Vol. 4 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 1977)"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF00900531_CR2",
      "volume-title": "Chemical Applications of Nonlinear Spectroscopy",
      "year": "1978",
      "unstructured": "A.B. Harvey (ed.):Chemical Applications of Nonlinear Spectroscopy (Academic Press, New York 1978)"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF00900531_CR3",
      "first-page": "343",
      "volume-title": "Frontiers of Laser Spectroscopy",
      "author": "R.G. Brewer",
      "year": "1978",
      "unstructured": "R.G. Brewer: InFrontiers of Laser Spectroscopy, ed. by R. Balian, S. Haroche, and S. Liberman (North Holland, Amsterdam 1978) Vol. I, Chap. 4, pp. 343\u2013398"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF00900531_CR4",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "229",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.7.229",
      "volume": "7",
      "author": "W. Kaiser",
      "year": "1961",
      "unstructured": "W. Kaiser, C.G.B. Garret: Phys. Rev. Lett.7, 229 (1961)",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Rev. Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF00900531_CR5",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "96",
      "DOI": "10.1366/000370277774463968",
      "volume": "31",
      "author": "W.M. Tolles",
      "year": "1977",
      "unstructured": "W.M. Tolles, R.D. Turner: Appl. Spectrosc.31, 96\u2013103 (1977)",
      "journal-title": "Appl. Spectrosc."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF00900531_CR6",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "192",
      "DOI": "10.1109/JQE.1978.1069760",
      "volume": "14",
      "author": "A. Owyoung",
      "year": "1978",
      "unstructured": "A. Owyoung: IEEE J. QE-14, 192 and 202 (1978)",
      "journal-title": "IEEE J. QE"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF00900531_CR7",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "567",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.89189",
      "volume": "29",
      "author": "J.J. Song",
      "year": "1976",
      "unstructured": "J.J. Song, G.L. Eesley, M.D. Levenson: Appl. Phys. Lett29, 567\u2013569 (1976)",
      "journal-title": "Appl. Phys. Lett"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF00900531_CR8",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "657",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.13.657",
      "volume": "13",
      "author": "W.J. Jones",
      "year": "1964",
      "unstructured": "W.J. Jones, B.P. Stoicheff: Phys. Rev. Lett.13, 657 (1964)",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Rev. Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF00900531_CR9",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1170",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.36.1170",
      "volume": "36",
      "author": "C. Wieman",
      "year": "1976",
      "unstructured": "C. Wieman, T.W. H\u00e4nsch: Phys. Rev. Lett.36, 1170 (1976)",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Rev. Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF00900531_CR10",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "45",
      "DOI": "10.1109/JQE.1978.1069665",
      "volume": "14",
      "author": "G.L. Eesley",
      "year": "1978",
      "unstructured": "G.L. Eesley, M.D. Levenson, W.M. Tolles: IEEE J. QE-14, 45\u201348 (1978)",
      "journal-title": "IEEE J. QE"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF00900531_CR11",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "112",
      "DOI": "10.1364/OL.2.000112",
      "volume": "2",
      "author": "F.V. Kowalski",
      "year": "1978",
      "unstructured": "F.V. Kowalski, W.T. Hill, A.L. Schawlow: Opt. Lett.2, 112\u2013114 (1978)",
      "journal-title": "Opt. Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF00900531_CR12",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "584",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.36.584",
      "volume": "36",
      "author": "P.F. Liao",
      "year": "1976",
      "unstructured": "P.F. Liao, G.C. Bjorklund: Phys. Rev. Lett.36, 584 (1976)",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Rev. Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF00900531_CR13",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "801",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRev.137.A801",
      "volume": "137A",
      "author": "P.D. Maker",
      "year": "1965",
      "unstructured": "P.D. Maker, R.W. Terhune: Phys. Rev.137A, 801 (1965)",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Rev."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF00900531_CR14",
      "volume-title": "Engineering Quantum Electrodynamics",
      "author": "D. Marcuse",
      "year": "1971",
      "unstructured": "D. Marcuse:Engineering Quantum Electrodynamics (Harcourt Brace and World, New York 1971) Chap. 6"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF00900531_CR15",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "174",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.89013",
      "volume": "29",
      "author": "W.B. Roh",
      "year": "1976",
      "unstructured": "W.B. Roh, P.W. Schreiber, J.E.P. Taran: Appl. Phys. Lett.29, 174\u2013176 (1976)",
      "journal-title": "Appl. Phys. Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF00900531_CR16",
      "series-title": "Springer Series in Optical Sciences",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "154",
      "DOI": "10.1007/978-3-540-35968-5_19",
      "volume-title": "Laser Spectroscopy III",
      "author": "C. Delsart",
      "year": "1977",
      "unstructured": "C. Delsart, J.C. Keller: InLaser Spectroscopy III, ed. by J.L. Hall and J.L. Carlsten, Springer Series in Optical Sciences, Vol. 7 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 1977) pp. 154\u2013159"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF00900531_CR17",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1748",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevA.14.1748",
      "volume": "14",
      "author": "H. Lotem",
      "year": "1976",
      "unstructured": "H. Lotem, R.T. Lunch Jr., N. Bloembergen: Phys. Rev. A14, 1748 (1976)",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Rev. A"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF00900531_CR18",
      "series-title": "Springer Series in Optical Sciences",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "DOI": "10.1007/978-3-540-35948-7",
      "volume-title": "Detection of Optical and Infrared Radiation",
      "author": "R.H. Kingston",
      "year": "1978",
      "unstructured": "R.H. Kingston:Detection of Optical and Infrared Radiation, Springer Series in Optical Sciences, Vol. 10 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 1978)"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF00900531_CR19",
      "series-title": "Springer Series in Electrophysics",
      "volume-title": "Noise in Physical Systems",
      "year": "1978",
      "unstructured": "D. Wolf (ed.):Noise in Physical Systems, Springer Series in Electrophysics, Vol. 2 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 1978)"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF00900531_CR20",
      "volume-title": "Introduction to Optical Electronics",
      "author": "A. Yariv",
      "year": "1971",
      "unstructured": "A. Yariv:Introduction to Optical Electronics (Holt Rinehart and Winston, New York 1971) Chap. 11"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF00900531_CR21",
      "unstructured": "G.L. Eesley: Ph.D. Thesis, University of Southern California (1978)"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF00900531_CR22",
      "unstructured": "J.W. Goodman: ManuscriptStatistical Optics, \u201cNoise in Photographic Detection\u201d (1976)"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF00900531_CR23",
      "series-title": "topics Appl. Phys.",
      "volume-title": "Optical and Infrared Detectors",
      "year": "1977",
      "unstructured": "R.J. Keyes (ed.):Optical and Infrared Detectors, topics Appl. Phys. 19 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 1977)"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF00900531_CR24",
      "unstructured": "Noise-equivalent power (NEP) is defined as the optical power required to produce a detector response equivalent to \u03b7 of (15) and normalized for band width \u0394\u03bd; forK=1, the units of NEP are watts/\u221aHz."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF00900531_CR25",
      "first-page": "3",
      "volume": "9",
      "author": "E.H. Armstrong",
      "year": "1921",
      "unstructured": "E.H. Armstrong: I.R.E.9, 3 (1921)",
      "journal-title": "I.R.E."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF00900531_CR26",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "959",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.36.959",
      "volume": "36",
      "author": "R.G. Brewer",
      "year": "1976",
      "unstructured": "R.G. Brewer, A.Z. Genack: Phys. Rev. Lett.36, 959 (1976)",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Rev. Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF00900531_CR27",
      "unstructured": "R.G. Brewer: private communication"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF00900531_CR28",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "189",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.36.189",
      "volume": "36",
      "author": "D. Heiman",
      "year": "1976",
      "unstructured": "D. Heiman, R.W. Hellwarth, M.D. Levenson, G. Martin: Phys. Rev. Lett.36, 189\u2013192 (1976)",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Rev. Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF00900531_CR29",
      "volume-title": "Nonlinear Spectroscopy",
      "year": "1977",
      "unstructured": "N. Bloembergen (ed.):Nonlinear Spectroscopy (North Holland, Amsterdam 1977) Chap. 1"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF00900531_CR30",
      "series-title": "Topics Appl. Phys.",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "315",
      "DOI": "10.1007/3540077197_24",
      "volume-title": "High Resolution Laser Spectroscopy",
      "author": "N. Bloembergen",
      "year": "1976",
      "unstructured": "N. Bloembergen, M.D. Levenson: InHigh Resolution Laser Spectroscopy, ed. by K. Shimoda, Topics Appl. Phys.13 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 1976) pp. 315\u2013364"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF00900531_CR31",
      "first-page": "2544",
      "volume": "12",
      "author": "D. Grischkowsky",
      "year": "1975",
      "unstructured": "D. Grischkowsky, M.M. Loy, P.F. Liao: Phys. Rev. A12, 2544 (1975)",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Rev. A"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF00900531_CR32",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "66",
      "DOI": "10.1051/jphys:019730034010084500",
      "volume": "34",
      "author": "B. Cagnac",
      "year": "1973",
      "unstructured": "B. Cagnac, G. Grynberg, F. Biraben: J. Phys.34, 66 (1973)",
      "journal-title": "J. Phys."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF00900531_CR33",
      "first-page": "111",
      "volume-title": "Progress in Quantum Electronics",
      "author": "V.P. Chebotayev",
      "year": "1976",
      "unstructured": "V.P. Chebotayev, V.S. Letokhov: InProgress in Quantum Electronics, ed. by J.H.Sanders and S.Stenholm (Pergamon Press, London 1976) Vol. IV, Pt. 2, pp. 111\u2013206"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF00900531_CR34",
      "first-page": "271",
      "volume-title": "Progress in Quantum Electronics",
      "author": "Chr Flytzanis",
      "year": "1976",
      "unstructured": "Chr.Flytzanis, N.Bloembergen: InProgress in Quantum Electronics, ed. by J.H.Sanders and S.Stenholm (Pergamon Press, London 1976) Vol. IV, Pt. 2, pp. 271\u2013300"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF00900531_CR35",
      "series-title": "Topics in Current Physics",
      "volume-title": "Raman Spectroscopy of Gases and Liquids",
      "author": "J.W. Nibler",
      "year": "1977",
      "unstructured": "J.W.Nibler, G.V.Knighten: InRaman Spectroscopy of Gases and Liquids, ed. by A.Weber, Topics in Current Physics11 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 1977) Ch. 7"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF00900531_CR36",
      "first-page": "1",
      "volume-title": "Progress in Quantum Electronics",
      "author": "R.W. Hellwarth",
      "year": "1976",
      "unstructured": "R.W.Hellwarth: InProgress in Quantum Electronics, ed. by J.H.Sanders and S.Stenholm (Pergamon Press, London 1976) vol. V, Pt. 1, pp. 1\u201368"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF00900531_CR37",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "213",
      "DOI": "10.1007/BF01394503",
      "volume": "236",
      "author": "T.W. H\u00e4nsch",
      "year": "1970",
      "unstructured": "T.W.H\u00e4nsch, P.Toschek: Z. Physik236, 213 (1970)",
      "journal-title": "Z. Physik"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF00900531_CR38",
      "volume-title": "Nonlinear Spectroscopy",
      "author": "T.W. H\u00e4nsch",
      "year": "1977",
      "unstructured": "T.W.H\u00e4nsch: InNonlinear Spectroscopy, ed. by N.Bloembergen (North Holland, Amsterdam 1977) Chap. 2"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF00900531_CR39",
      "unstructured": "C.Bord\u00e9, G.Camy, B.Decomps, L.Pottier: In Colloques International du CNRS, No. 217 (1974) p. 231"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF00900531_CR40",
      "volume-title": "Quantum Electronics",
      "author": "A. Yariv",
      "year": "1975",
      "unstructured": "A.Yariv:Quantum Electronics (Wiley, New York 1975) App. 1"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF00900531_CR41",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1439",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevA.17.1439",
      "volume": "17",
      "author": "J.J. Song",
      "year": "1978",
      "unstructured": "J.J.Song, J.H.Lee, M.D.Levenson: Phys. Rev. A17, 1439\u20131447 (1978)",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Rev. A"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF00900531_CR42",
      "unstructured": "J.L.Hall: private communication"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF00900531_CR43",
      "unstructured": "R.T.Lynch,Jr.: Ph.D. Thesis, Harvard University (1977) (unpublished)"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF00900531_CR44",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "4654",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevB.14.4654",
      "volume": "14",
      "author": "S.D. Kramer",
      "year": "1976",
      "unstructured": "S.D.Kramer, N.Bloembergen: Phys. Rev. B14, 4654\u20134669 (1976)",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Rev. B"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF00900531_CR45",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "343",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.32.343",
      "volume": "32",
      "author": "R.T. Hodgson",
      "year": "1974",
      "unstructured": "R.T.Hodgson, P.P.Sorokin, J.J.Wynne: Phys. Rev. Lett.32, 343 (1974)",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Rev. Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF00900531_CR46",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1454",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.36.1454",
      "volume": "36",
      "author": "M.M.T. Loy",
      "year": "1976",
      "unstructured": "M.M.T.Loy: Phys. Rev. Lett.36, 1454\u20131457 (1976)",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Rev. Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF00900531_CR47",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "18",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.39.18",
      "volume": "39",
      "author": "P.F. Liao",
      "year": "1977",
      "unstructured": "P.F.Liao, J.E.Bjorkholm, J.P.Gordon:Phys. Rev. Lett.39, 18 (1977)",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Rev. Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF00900531_CR48",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1473",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.39.1473",
      "volume": "39",
      "author": "P.F. Liao",
      "year": "1977",
      "unstructured": "P.F.Liao, N.P.Economou, R.R.Freeman: Phys. Rev. Lett.39, 1473 (1977)",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Rev. Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF00900531_CR49",
      "first-page": "862",
      "volume": "40",
      "author": "R.G. Devoe",
      "year": "1978",
      "unstructured": "R.G.Devoe, R.G.Brewer: Phys. Rev.40, 862 (1978)",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Rev."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF00900531_CR50",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "631",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.27.631",
      "volume": "27",
      "author": "R.G. Brewer",
      "year": "1971",
      "unstructured": "R.G.Brewer, R.L.Shoemaker: Phys. Rev. Lett.27, 631 (1971)",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Rev. Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF00900531_CR51",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "507",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.12.507",
      "volume": "12",
      "author": "P.D. Maker",
      "year": "1964",
      "unstructured": "P.D.Maker, R.W.Terhune, C.M.Savage: Phys. Rev. Lett.12, 507\u2013509 (1964)",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Rev. Lett."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF00900531_CR52",
      "volume-title": "Irreduceable Tensor Sets",
      "author": "U. Fano",
      "year": "1951",
      "unstructured": "U.Fano, G.Racah:Irreduceable Tensor Sets (Academic Press, New York 1951)"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF00900531_CR53",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "287",
      "DOI": "10.1109/JQE.1975.1068619",
      "volume": "11",
      "author": "G.C. Bjorklund",
      "year": "1975",
      "unstructured": "G.C.Bjorklund: IEEE J QE-11, 287\u2013296 (1975)",
      "journal-title": "IEEE J QE"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF00900531_CR54",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "489",
      "DOI": "10.1002/j.1538-7305.1961.tb01626.x",
      "volume": "40",
      "author": "G.D. Boyd",
      "year": "1961",
      "unstructured": "G.D.Boyd, J.P.Gordon: Bell System Tech. J.40, 489\u2013508 (1961)",
      "journal-title": "Bell System Tech. J."
    },
    {
      "key": "BF00900531_CR55",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "1472",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevA.14.1472",
      "volume": "14",
      "author": "G.I. Kachen",
      "year": "1976",
      "unstructured": "G.I.Kachen, W.H.Lowdermilk: Phys. Rev. A14, 1472\u20131474 (1976) and16, 1657\u20131664 (1977)",
      "journal-title": "Phys. Rev. A"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF00900531_CR56",
      "unstructured": "For example, the Meret Corp. MDA 7708, Silicon PIN Diode with integral trans resistance amplifier. Similar devices are now being developed for use in fiber optic applications. See also [Ref. 20b, Chap. 6]"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF00900531_CR57",
      "unstructured": "OMA catalog, Princeton Applied Research Corp. Princeton, New Jersey (1975)"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF00900531_CR58",
      "volume-title": "Progress in Optics",
      "author": "H.Z. Cummings",
      "year": "1970",
      "unstructured": "H.Z.Cummings, H.B.Swinney: InProgress in Optics (North Holland, Amsterdam 1970) Vol. VIII, Chap. 3"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF00900531_CR59",
      "volume-title": "Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic Processes",
      "author": "A. Papoulis",
      "year": "1965",
      "unstructured": "A.Papoulis:Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic Processes (McGraw-Hill, New York 1965) Chap. 14"
    },
    {
      "key": "BF00900531_CR60",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "first-page": "231",
      "DOI": "10.1103/RevModPhys.37.231",
      "volume": "37",
      "author": "L. Mandel",
      "year": "1965",
      "unstructured": "L.Mandel, E.Wolf: Rev. Mod. Phys.37, 231 (1965)",
      "journal-title": "Rev. Mod. Phys."
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "Applied Physics",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF00900531.pdf",
      "content-type": "application/pdf",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "text-mining"
    },
    {
      "URL": "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00900531/fulltext.html",
      "content-type": "text/html",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "text-mining"
    },
    {
      "URL": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF00900531",
      "content-type": "unspecified",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "similarity-checking"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2019,
        4,
        29
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2019-04-29T16:16:48Z",
    "timestamp": 1556554608000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "http://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF00900531"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1979,
        5
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 60,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "1",
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          1979,
          5
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "alternative-id": [
    "BF00900531"
  ],
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00900531",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "0340-3793",
    "1432-0630"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "container-title-short": "Appl. Phys.",
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1979,
        5
      ]
    ]
  }
}