DOI: 10.1002/smll.201402900. Low Schottky Barrier Black Phosphorus Field‐Effect Devices with Ferromagnetic Tunnel Contacts

Low Schottky Barrier Black Phosphorus Field‐Effect Devices with Ferromagnetic Tunnel Contacts

10.1002/smll.201402900

Crossref journal-article

Wiley

Small (311)

Abstract

Black phosphorus (BP) has been recently unveiled as a promising 2D direct bandgap semiconducting material. Here, ambipolar field‐effect transistor behavior of nanolayers of BP with ferromagnetic tunnel contacts is reported. Using TiO2/Co contacts, a reduced Schottky barrier <50 meV, which can be tuned further by the gate voltage, is obtained. Eminently, a good transistor performance is achieved in the devices discussed here, with drain current modulation of four to six orders of magnitude and a mobility of μh ≈ 155 cm2 V−1 s−1 for hole conduction at room temperature. Magnetoresistance calculations using a spin diffusion model reveal that the source–drain contact resistances in the BP device can be tuned by gate voltage to an optimal range for injection and detection of spin‐polarized holes. The results of the study demonstrate the prospect of BP nanolayers for efficient nanoelectronic and spintronic devices.

Bibliography

Kamalakar, M. V., Madhushankar, B. N., Dankert, A., & Dash, S. P. (2015). Low Schottky Barrier Black Phosphorus FieldâEffect Devices with Ferromagnetic Tunnel Contacts. Small, 11(18), 2209â2216. Portico.

Authors 4

M. Venkata Kamalakar (first)
B. N. Madhushankar (additional)
André Dankert (additional)
Saroj P. Dash (additional)

References 43 Referenced 119

Dates

Type	When
Created	10 years, 7 months ago (Jan. 14, 2015, 7:07 a.m.)
Deposited	1 year, 11 months ago (Sept. 16, 2023, 3:28 p.m.)
Indexed	1 month, 3 weeks ago (July 2, 2025, 4:14 p.m.)
Issued	10 years, 7 months ago (Jan. 14, 2015)
Published	10 years, 7 months ago (Jan. 14, 2015)
Published Online	10 years, 7 months ago (Jan. 14, 2015)
Published Print	10 years, 3 months ago (May 1, 2015)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Kamalakar_2015, title={Low Schottky Barrier Black Phosphorus Field‐Effect Devices with Ferromagnetic Tunnel Contacts}, volume={11}, ISSN={1613-6829}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.201402900}, DOI={10.1002/smll.201402900}, number={18}, journal={Small}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Kamalakar, M. Venkata and Madhushankar, B. N. and Dankert, André and Dash, Saroj P.}, year={2015}, month=jan, pages={2209–2216} }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2025,
        7,
        2
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2025-07-02T20:14:03Z",
    "timestamp": 1751487243341
  },
  "reference-count": 43,
  "publisher": "Wiley",
  "issue": "18",
  "license": [
    {
      "start": {
        "date-parts": [
          [
            2015,
            1,
            14
          ]
        ],
        "date-time": "2015-01-14T00:00:00Z",
        "timestamp": 1421193600000
      },
      "content-version": "vor",
      "delay-in-days": 0,
      "URL": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor"
    }
  ],
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [],
    "crossmark-restriction": false
  },
  "published-print": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2015,
        5
      ]
    ]
  },
  "abstract": "<jats:p>Black phosphorus (BP) has been recently unveiled as a promising 2D direct bandgap semiconducting material. Here, ambipolar field\u2010effect transistor behavior of nanolayers of BP with ferromagnetic tunnel contacts is reported. Using TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>/Co contacts, a reduced Schottky barrier &lt;50 meV, which can be tuned further by the gate voltage, is obtained. Eminently, a good transistor performance is achieved in the devices discussed here, with drain current modulation of four to six orders of magnitude and a mobility of \u03bc<jats:sub>h</jats:sub> \u2248 155 cm<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> V<jats:sup>\u22121</jats:sup> s<jats:sup>\u22121</jats:sup> for hole conduction at room temperature. Magnetoresistance calculations using a spin diffusion model reveal that the source\u2013drain contact resistances in the BP device can be tuned by gate voltage to an optimal range for injection and detection of spin\u2010polarized holes. The results of the study demonstrate the prospect of BP nanolayers for efficient nanoelectronic and spintronic devices.</jats:p>",
  "DOI": "10.1002/smll.201402900",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2015,
        1,
        14
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2015-01-14T12:07:01Z",
    "timestamp": 1421237221000
  },
  "page": "2209-2216",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 119,
  "title": "Low Schottky Barrier Black Phosphorus Field\u2010Effect Devices with Ferromagnetic Tunnel Contacts",
  "prefix": "10.1002",
  "volume": "11",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "M. Venkata",
      "family": "Kamalakar",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience Chalmers University of Technology  SE\u201041296 G\u00f6teborg Sweden"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "B. N.",
      "family": "Madhushankar",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience Chalmers University of Technology  SE\u201041296 G\u00f6teborg Sweden"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Andr\u00e9",
      "family": "Dankert",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience Chalmers University of Technology  SE\u201041296 G\u00f6teborg Sweden"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Saroj P.",
      "family": "Dash",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience Chalmers University of Technology  SE\u201041296 G\u00f6teborg Sweden"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "member": "311",
  "published-online": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2015,
        1,
        14
      ]
    ]
  },
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_5_1_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/nature12385"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_5_2_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/nature11458"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_5_3_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/nature06037"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_5_4_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/nphys2331"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_5_5_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.4876060"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_5_6_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/nnano.2010.89"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_5_7_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1109/TED.2011.2173498"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_5_8_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/nnano.2010.279"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_5_9_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1021/nn500064s"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_5_10_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1021/nn404961e"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_5_11_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1021/nl303583v"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_5_12_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.136805"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_5_13_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/nnano.2014.35"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_5_14_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1021/nn501226z"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_5_15_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevB.89.235319"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_5_16_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/ncomms5458"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_5_17_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.4868132"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_5_18_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1021/nl5008085"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_5_19_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/nature08570"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_5_20_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/nature12011"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_5_21_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/nmat3585"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_5_22_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1088/0034-4885/41/3/002"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_5_23_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevB.64.184420"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_5_24_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevB.62.R4790"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_5_25_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.6078"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_5_26_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRev.71.717"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_5_27_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1002/0470068329"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_5_28_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/nmat1736"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_5_29_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/ncomms5475"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_5_30_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1021/nl4010157"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_5_31_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1088/0957-4484/21/33/335303"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_5_32_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevB.89.035417"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_5_33_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.3159638"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_5_34_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/nmat2605"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_5_35_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevB.82.241305"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_5_36_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.4902814"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_5_37_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/srep06146"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_5_38_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.4898587"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_5_39_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1007/s12274\u2010014\u20100627\u20104"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_5_40_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/srep03196"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_5_41_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevB.89.075301"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_5_42_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.4845295"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_5_43_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.127201"
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "Small",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fsmll.201402900",
      "content-type": "unspecified",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "text-mining"
    },
    {
      "URL": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/smll.201402900",
      "content-type": "unspecified",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "similarity-checking"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2023,
        9,
        16
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2023-09-16T19:28:14Z",
    "timestamp": 1694892494000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/smll.201402900"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2015,
        1,
        14
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 43,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "18",
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2015,
          5
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "alternative-id": [
    "10.1002/smll.201402900"
  ],
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.201402900",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "1613-6810",
    "1613-6829"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "container-title-short": "Small",
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2015,
        1,
        14
      ]
    ]
  }
}