DOI: 10.1002/sia.3125. Micro X‐ray diffraction and fluorescence tomography for the study of multilayered automotive paints

Micro X‐ray diffraction and fluorescence tomography for the study of multilayered automotive paints

10.1002/sia.3125

Crossref journal-article

Wiley

Surface and Interface Analysis (311)

Abstract

AbstractCombined microscopic X‐ray fluorescence/microscopic X‐ray diffraction (µ‐XRF/µ‐XRD) tomography is a recently developed method that allows the visualization of the distribution of chemical elements and the associated crystalline phases inside complex, heterogeneous materials of extended thickness (millimeter range) in a nondestructive fashion. In this paper, the accuracy and resolution with which the individual layers in a multilayer stack of automotive paints can be distinguished is evaluated, and some of their properties measured. A paint layer system of eight layers was investigated, in which eight different crystalline substances were identified, each layer consisting of an organic, synthetic resin doped with finely milled inorganic compounds that serve as pigments or to strengthen the layer. In the XRD tomograms, all paint layers could be straightforwardly distinguished and their average thickness calculated. In case the filtered back projection method was used for tomogram reconstruction, a spatial resolution comparable to the microbeam size was obtained indicating no significant reconstruction blurring. When a more robust reconstruction method, such as the maximum‐likelihood expectation maximization method, was employed, tomograms showing fewer artifacts were obtained, but with a spatial resolution that was two times worse. In the corresponding XRF tomograms, significant self‐absorption distorted the element‐specific tomograms corresponding to the low‐energy (<7 keV) characteristic radiation and limited their usefulness. It can be concluded that microbeam XRD tomography allows the accurate visualization of the distribution of crystalline phases in multilayered automotive paint materials of millimeter dimensions with sufficient resolution to allow separate characterization of each layer in terms of its crystal‐phase composition and thickness. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Bibliography

De Nolf, W., & Janssens, K. (2009). Micro Xâray diffraction and fluorescence tomography for the study of multilayered automotive paints. Surface and Interface Analysis, 42(5), 411â418. Portico.

Authors 2

Wout De Nolf (first)
Koen Janssens (additional)

References 23 Referenced 78

U.Poth Automotive Coatings Formulation Vincentz Network 2008. (10.1016/S1364-5439(08)70125-4)
{'key': 'e_1_2_1_3_2', 'volume-title': 'Forensic Examination of Glass and Paint: Analysis and Interpretation', 'author': 'Caddy B.', 'year': '2002'} / Forensic Examination of Glass and Paint: Analysis and Interpretation by Caddy B. (2002)
10.1063/1.125225
10.1063/1.1402643
10.1063/1.357668
10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00918-4
W.De Nolf B.Vekemans K.Janssens G.Falkenberg HASYLAB Annual Report2005 1131 http://hasyweb.desy.de/science/annual_reports/2005_report/index.html.
10.1038/nmat2168
10.1016/j.jsb.2007.10.001
10.1002/xrs.1300230609
10.1016/j.sab.2006.12.002
XRDUA software package http://xrdua.ua.ac.be/.
10.1107/S0021889881009618
10.1107/S0021889881009242
10.1016/0168-583X(87)90295-3
10.1137/1.9780898719277
{'issue': '2', 'key': 'e_1_2_1_18_2', 'first-page': '306', 'volume': '8', 'author': 'Lange K.', 'year': '1984', 'journal-title': 'J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr.'} / J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. by Lange K. (1984)
10.1002/jrs.1408
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10.1016/j.chroma.2007.09.044
10.1111/j.1556-4029.2006.00126.x
10.20450/mjcce.2008.240 / Maced. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. by Skenderovska M. (2008)
{'issue': '1', 'key': 'e_1_2_1_24_2', 'volume': '219', 'author': 'Smit Z.', 'year': '2004', 'journal-title': 'Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. B'} / Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. B by Smit Z. (2004)

Dates

Type	When
Created	15 years, 9 months ago (Nov. 10, 2009, 11:23 a.m.)
Deposited	1 year, 11 months ago (Sept. 11, 2023, 5:37 p.m.)
Indexed	11 months, 3 weeks ago (Sept. 4, 2024, 3:37 p.m.)
Issued	15 years, 9 months ago (Nov. 10, 2009)
Published	15 years, 9 months ago (Nov. 10, 2009)
Published Online	15 years, 9 months ago (Nov. 10, 2009)
Published Print	15 years, 3 months ago (May 1, 2010)

Funders 2

Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme-Belgian Science Policy
HASYLAB

BibTeX

@article{De_Nolf_2009, title={Micro X‐ray diffraction and fluorescence tomography for the study of multilayered automotive paints}, volume={42}, ISSN={1096-9918}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.3125}, DOI={10.1002/sia.3125}, number={5}, journal={Surface and Interface Analysis}, publisher={Wiley}, author={De Nolf, Wout and Janssens, Koen}, year={2009}, month=nov, pages={411–418} }

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