DOI: 10.1002/qj.49710243104. Production of secondary ice particles during the growth of graupel by riming

Production of secondary ice particles during the growth of graupel by riming

10.1002/qj.49710243104

Crossref journal-article

Wiley

Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society (311)

Abstract

AbstractExperiments indicate that secondary ice crystals are produced when rime grows in a supercooled cloud containing drops ≥ 24μm in diameter. This occurs between temperatures of −3 and −8°C, the production rate being greatest at −5°C. These temperatures are constant to about ±0.5 deg C for velocities of the riming body ranging from 1.4 to 3.0m s−1. On average, one ice splinter is thrown off for every 250 drops of diameter ≥ 24μm accreted, at cloud temperature −5°C, and this value does not change much with target velocity. Various possible splintering mechanisms are discussed.

Bibliography

Mossop, S. C. (1976). Production of secondary ice particles during the growth of graupel by riming. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 102(431), 45â57. Portico.

Authors 1

S. C. Mossop (first)

References 20 Referenced 87

10.1063/1.1685913
10.1002/qj.49709841609
10.1175/1520-0469(1964)021<0640:WITROI>2.0.CO;2
10.1098/rspa.1956.0031
{'key': 'e_1_2_1_6_1', 'first-page': '200', 'volume-title': 'Aerodynamic capture of particles', 'author': 'Fonda A.', 'year': '1960'} / Aerodynamic capture of particles by Fonda A. (1960)
Gagin A.1971Studies of the factors governing the colloidal stability of continental cumulus clouds Proc. Int. Conf. Weather Modification Canberra Australia Sept. 6–11 1971 pp.5–11.
10.1175/1520-0469(1964)021<0671:ESOTCO>2.0.CO;2
10.1038/249026a0
10.1175/1520-0469(1963)020<0029:TGBOSC>2.0.CO;2
10.1002/qj.49708837504
{'key': 'e_1_2_1_12_1', 'first-page': '321', 'article-title': 'Meteorological classification of natural snow crystals', 'volume': '2', 'author': 'Magono C.', 'year': '1966', 'journal-title': 'J. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Univ. Ser. 7 (Geophys.)'} / J. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Univ. Ser. 7 (Geophys.) / Meteorological classification of natural snow crystals by Magono C. (1966)
{'key': 'e_1_2_1_13_1', 'volume-title': 'The physics of clouds', 'author': 'Mason B. J.', 'year': '1971'} / The physics of clouds by Mason B. J. (1971)
10.1088/0950-7671/22/10/303
10.1088/0950-7671/27/5/304
10.1175/1520-0477(1970)051<0474:COICIC>2.0.CO;2
10.1126/science.186.4164.632
10.1002/qj.49709841509
10.1021/ie50510a050
10.1063/1.1721968
10.1175/1520-0469(1972)029<1334:FPAFVO>2.0.CO;2

Dates

Type	When
Created	18 years, 6 months ago (Feb. 2, 2007, 6:47 p.m.)
Deposited	1 year, 10 months ago (Oct. 19, 2023, 3:49 a.m.)
Indexed	4 months, 3 weeks ago (March 30, 2025, 4:08 a.m.)
Issued	49 years, 7 months ago (Jan. 1, 1976)
Published	49 years, 7 months ago (Jan. 1, 1976)
Published Online	18 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 15, 2006)
Published Print	49 years, 7 months ago (Jan. 1, 1976)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Mossop_1976, title={Production of secondary ice particles during the growth of graupel by riming}, volume={102}, ISSN={1477-870X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.49710243104}, DOI={10.1002/qj.49710243104}, number={431}, journal={Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Mossop, S. C.}, year={1976}, month=jan, pages={45–57} }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2025,
        3,
        30
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2025-03-30T08:08:29Z",
    "timestamp": 1743322109547
  },
  "reference-count": 20,
  "publisher": "Wiley",
  "issue": "431",
  "license": [
    {
      "start": {
        "date-parts": [
          [
            2006,
            12,
            15
          ]
        ],
        "date-time": "2006-12-15T00:00:00Z",
        "timestamp": 1166140800000
      },
      "content-version": "vor",
      "delay-in-days": 11306,
      "URL": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor"
    }
  ],
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [
      "rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"
    ],
    "crossmark-restriction": true
  },
  "published-print": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1976,
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "abstract": "<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Experiments indicate that secondary ice crystals are produced when rime grows in a supercooled cloud containing drops \u2265 24\u03bcm in diameter. This occurs between temperatures of \u22123 and \u22128\u00b0C, the production rate being greatest at \u22125\u00b0C. These temperatures are constant to about \u00b10.5 deg C for velocities of the riming body ranging from 1.4 to 3.0m s<jats:sup>\u22121</jats:sup>. On average, one ice splinter is thrown off for every 250 drops of diameter \u2265 24\u03bcm accreted, at cloud temperature \u22125\u00b0C, and this value does not change much with target velocity. Various possible splintering mechanisms are discussed.</jats:p>",
  "DOI": "10.1002/qj.49710243104",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2007,
        2,
        2
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2007-02-02T23:47:41Z",
    "timestamp": 1170460061000
  },
  "page": "45-57",
  "update-policy": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/crossmark_policy",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 87,
  "title": "Production of secondary ice particles during the growth of graupel by riming",
  "prefix": "10.1002",
  "volume": "102",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "S. C.",
      "family": "Mossop",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": []
    }
  ],
  "member": "311",
  "published-online": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2006,
        12,
        15
      ]
    ]
  },
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_2_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.1685913"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_3_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1002/qj.49709841609"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_4_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1175/1520-0469(1964)021<0640:WITROI>2.0.CO;2"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_5_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1098/rspa.1956.0031"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_6_1",
      "first-page": "200",
      "volume-title": "Aerodynamic capture of particles",
      "author": "Fonda A.",
      "year": "1960"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_7_1",
      "unstructured": "Gagin A.1971Studies of the factors governing the colloidal stability of continental cumulus clouds Proc. Int. Conf. Weather Modification Canberra Australia Sept. 6\u201311 1971 pp.5\u201311."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_8_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1175/1520-0469(1964)021<0671:ESOTCO>2.0.CO;2"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_9_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/249026a0"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_10_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1175/1520-0469(1963)020<0029:TGBOSC>2.0.CO;2"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_11_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1002/qj.49708837504"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_12_1",
      "first-page": "321",
      "article-title": "Meteorological classification of natural snow crystals",
      "volume": "2",
      "author": "Magono C.",
      "year": "1966",
      "journal-title": "J. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Univ. Ser. 7 (Geophys.)"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_13_1",
      "volume-title": "The physics of clouds",
      "author": "Mason B. J.",
      "year": "1971"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_14_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1088/0950-7671/22/10/303"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_15_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1088/0950-7671/27/5/304"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_16_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1175/1520-0477(1970)051<0474:COICIC>2.0.CO;2"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_17_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.186.4164.632"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_18_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1002/qj.49709841509"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_19_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ie50510a050"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_20_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1063/1.1721968"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_21_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1175/1520-0469(1972)029<1334:FPAFVO>2.0.CO;2"
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fqj.49710243104",
      "content-type": "unspecified",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "text-mining"
    },
    {
      "URL": "https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/qj.49710243104",
      "content-type": "unspecified",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "similarity-checking"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2023,
        10,
        19
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2023-10-19T07:49:09Z",
    "timestamp": 1697701749000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/qj.49710243104"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1976,
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 20,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "431",
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          1976,
          1
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "alternative-id": [
    "10.1002/qj.49710243104"
  ],
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.49710243104",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "0035-9009",
    "1477-870X"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "container-title-short": "Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc",
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1976,
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "assertion": [
    {
      "value": "1975-04-28",
      "order": 0,
      "name": "received",
      "label": "Received",
      "group": {
        "name": "publication_history",
        "label": "Publication History"
      }
    },
    {
      "value": "2006-12-15",
      "order": 2,
      "name": "published",
      "label": "Published",
      "group": {
        "name": "publication_history",
        "label": "Publication History"
      }
    }
  ]
}