DOI: 10.1002/pip.417. Cadmium telluride PV module manufacturing at BP Solar

Cadmium telluride PV module manufacturing at BP Solar

10.1002/pip.417

Crossref journal-article

Wiley

Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications (311)

Abstract

AbstractBP Solar has built a 10 MW capacity CdTe thin‐film (Apollo®) manufacturing plant in Fairfield, California. The plant is on the verge of commercialization and is expected to produce several megawatts of 61 × 155 cm (24 × 61‐inch) thin‐film modules (nominally 80 W) in 2001. This paper describes the basic Apollo® process steps, the recent advances made in the Apollo® CdTe technology, the state of the art CdTe reactor with its sophisticated design and control features and various techniques used to characterize the semiconductor materials. Module performance and reliability results are also summarized. An NREL‐confirmed module efficiency of 10.6% is reported for a 0.94 m2 module with a maximum power of 91.5 W. Indoor stress testing and outdoor performance test beds are described, and the data presented show good indoor stability under various stress conditions. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Bibliography

Cunningham, D., Rubcich, M., & Skinner, D. (2002). Cadmium telluride PV module manufacturing at BP Solar. Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, 10(2), 159â168. Portico.

Authors 3

D. Cunningham (first)
M. Rubcich (additional)
D. Skinner (additional)

References 11 Referenced 84

WoodcockJM OzsanME JohnsonDR OktikS PattersonMH.Proceedings of the 12th EC PV Solar Energy Conference1994;1604.
10.1080/01425919208909752
10.1080/01425919208909758
10.1149/1.2221246
10.1116/1.581892
10.1016/0368-1874(84)87092-6
10.1002/(SICI)1099-159X(199707/08)5:4<249::AID-PIP178>3.0.CO;2-S
10.1002/(SICI)1099-159X(199901/02)7:1<21::AID-PIP244>3.0.CO;2-D
WoodcockJM OzsanME TurnerAK CunninghamDW JohnsonDR MarshallRJ MasonNB OktikS PattersonMH RobertsS SadeghiM SherborneJM SivapathasundaramD WallsIA.Proceedings of the 12th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference1995;948.
CunninghamD DaviesK GrammondL MopasE HealyJ O'ConnorN RubcichM SadeghiM SkinnerD TrumblyT.Proceedings of the 16th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference2000.
10.1109/PVSC.2000.915743

Dates

Type	When
Created	23 years ago (Aug. 25, 2002, 7:13 p.m.)
Deposited	1 year, 11 months ago (Sept. 12, 2023, 4:32 a.m.)
Indexed	1 year ago (Aug. 15, 2024, 7:09 a.m.)
Issued	23 years, 7 months ago (Jan. 29, 2002)
Published	23 years, 7 months ago (Jan. 29, 2002)
Published Online	23 years, 7 months ago (Jan. 29, 2002)
Published Print	23 years, 5 months ago (March 1, 2002)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Cunningham_2002, title={Cadmium telluride PV module manufacturing at BP Solar}, volume={10}, ISSN={1099-159X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pip.417}, DOI={10.1002/pip.417}, number={2}, journal={Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Cunningham, D. and Rubcich, M. and Skinner, D.}, year={2002}, month=jan, pages={159–168} }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2024,
        8,
        15
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2024-08-15T11:09:08Z",
    "timestamp": 1723720148022
  },
  "reference-count": 11,
  "publisher": "Wiley",
  "issue": "2",
  "license": [
    {
      "start": {
        "date-parts": [
          [
            2002,
            1,
            29
          ]
        ],
        "date-time": "2002-01-29T00:00:00Z",
        "timestamp": 1012262400000
      },
      "content-version": "vor",
      "delay-in-days": 0,
      "URL": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor"
    }
  ],
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [],
    "crossmark-restriction": false
  },
  "published-print": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2002,
        3
      ]
    ]
  },
  "abstract": "<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>BP Solar has built a 10\u2009MW capacity CdTe thin\u2010film (Apollo<jats:sup>\u00ae</jats:sup>) manufacturing plant in Fairfield, California. The plant is on the verge of commercialization and is expected to produce several megawatts of 61\u2009\u00d7\u2009155\u2009cm (24\u2009\u00d7\u200961\u2010inch) thin\u2010film modules (nominally 80\u2009W) in 2001. This paper describes the basic Apollo<jats:sup>\u00ae</jats:sup> process steps, the recent advances made in the Apollo<jats:sup>\u00ae</jats:sup> CdTe technology, the state of the art CdTe reactor with its sophisticated design and control features and various techniques used to characterize the semiconductor materials. Module performance and reliability results are also summarized. An NREL\u2010confirmed module efficiency of 10.6% is reported for a 0.94\u2009m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> module with a maximum power of 91.5\u2009W. Indoor stress testing and outdoor performance test beds are described, and the data presented show good indoor stability under various stress conditions. Copyright \u00a9 2002 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.</jats:p>",
  "DOI": "10.1002/pip.417",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2002,
        8,
        25
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2002-08-25T23:13:41Z",
    "timestamp": 1030317221000
  },
  "page": "159-168",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 84,
  "title": "Cadmium telluride PV module manufacturing at BP Solar",
  "prefix": "10.1002",
  "volume": "10",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "D.",
      "family": "Cunningham",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "M.",
      "family": "Rubcich",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "D.",
      "family": "Skinner",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    }
  ],
  "member": "311",
  "published-online": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2002,
        1,
        29
      ]
    ]
  },
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_2_2",
      "unstructured": "WoodcockJM OzsanME JohnsonDR OktikS PattersonMH.Proceedings of the 12th EC PV Solar Energy Conference1994;1604."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_3_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1080/01425919208909752"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_4_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1080/01425919208909758"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_5_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1149/1.2221246"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_6_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1116/1.581892"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_7_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0368-1874(84)87092-6"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_8_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1002/(SICI)1099-159X(199707/08)5:4<249::AID-PIP178>3.0.CO;2-S"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_9_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1002/(SICI)1099-159X(199901/02)7:1<21::AID-PIP244>3.0.CO;2-D"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_10_2",
      "unstructured": "WoodcockJM OzsanME TurnerAK CunninghamDW JohnsonDR MarshallRJ MasonNB OktikS PattersonMH RobertsS SadeghiM SherborneJM SivapathasundaramD WallsIA.Proceedings of the 12th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference1995;948."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_11_2",
      "unstructured": "CunninghamD DaviesK GrammondL MopasE HealyJ O'ConnorN RubcichM SadeghiM SkinnerD TrumblyT.Proceedings of the 16th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference2000."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_12_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1109/PVSC.2000.915743"
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fpip.417",
      "content-type": "unspecified",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "text-mining"
    },
    {
      "URL": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/pip.417",
      "content-type": "unspecified",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "similarity-checking"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2023,
        9,
        12
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2023-09-12T08:32:15Z",
    "timestamp": 1694507535000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pip.417"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2002,
        1,
        29
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 11,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "2",
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2002,
          3
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "alternative-id": [
    "10.1002/pip.417"
  ],
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pip.417",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "1062-7995",
    "1099-159X"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "container-title-short": "Progress in Photovoltaics",
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2002,
        1,
        29
      ]
    ]
  }
}