DOI: 10.1002/pi.4980070106. Fundamental properties of densified polymeric glasses

Fundamental properties of densified polymeric glasses

10.1002/pi.4980070106

Crossref journal-article

Wiley

British Polymer Journal (311)

Abstract

AbstractGlass forming high polymers have been densified by application of high hydrostatic pressure (∼1.5 kbar) in the melt followed by cooling under pressure to ambient. A density increase of about 1% was induced in each of the following polymers: polyvinylchloride, polymethylmethacrylate, polystyrene, poly‐4‐chlorostyrene, poly‐3‐chlorostyrene, poly‐4‐methoxystyrene and poly‐4‐phenoxystyrene. Differential thermal analysis (DSC) and volume relaxation techniques were used to study the reversion of the densified glass to a more normal glass at a temperature ∼Tg – 15 K in general. Enthalpy relaxation (a change from glass I to glass II) in this region gives a peak or diffuse hump on the DSC scan prior to a normal glass transition temperature. It is considered that although the densified glasses may become thermodynamically stable at a sufficiently low temperature they are inherently unstable at ambient. Reversion to a more normal glass is kinetically too slow to measure at ambient in all cases studied except polymethylmethacrylate. Changes of dynamic Young's moduli and dielectric constant with densification are reported in detail for some systems and in summary for others. The densified glasses exhibit moduli higher by ∼6%, dielectric constant higher by ∼2% and depressed secondary mechanical and dielectric relaxation processes. Ultimate property studies are reported for PVC.

Bibliography

Wetton, R. E., & Moneypenny, H. G. (1975). Fundamental properties of densified polymeric glasses. British Polymer Journal, 7(1), 51â68. Portico.

Authors 2

Raymond E. Wetton (first)
Harry G. Moneypenny (additional)

References 26 Referenced 33

{'key': 'e_1_2_1_2_2', 'first-page': '322', 'volume': '2', 'author': 'Shishkin N. L.', 'year': '1960', 'journal-title': 'Sov. Physics Solid State'} / Sov. Physics Solid State by Shishkin N. L. (1960)
{'key': 'e_1_2_1_3_2', 'first-page': '375', 'volume': '11', 'author': 'Saito S.', 'year': '1968', 'journal-title': 'Reports Prog. Polymer Phys. Japan'} / Reports Prog. Polymer Phys. Japan by Saito S. (1968)
10.1002/app.1972.070160103
10.1007/BF01525081
10.1016/0032-3861(66)90011-5
10.1295/polymj.2.530
10.1002/pol.1972.160100706
{'key': 'e_1_2_1_9_2', 'first-page': '95', 'volume-title': 'Molecular Relaxation Processes', 'author': 'Fielding‐Russell G. S.', 'year': '1966'} / Molecular Relaxation Processes by Fielding‐Russell G. S. (1966)
Fielding‐Russell G. S.;Wetton R. E.Plast. Polym.June1970 p.179.
10.1007/BF02657207
10.1021/j100870a600
{'key': 'e_1_2_1_13_2', 'first-page': '1297', 'volume': '2', 'author': 'Saito S.', 'year': '1968', 'journal-title': 'J. Polym. Sci.'} / J. Polym. Sci. by Saito S. (1968)
{'key': 'e_1_2_1_14_2', 'first-page': '27', 'volume': '217', 'author': 'Davies R. O.', 'year': '1953', 'journal-title': 'Proc. Roy. Soc.'} / Proc. Roy. Soc. by Davies R. O. (1953)
Wunderlich B.Private communication.
10.1039/tf9656101876
10.1007/BFb0050366
10.1007/978-1-4615-8669-2_11
10.1016/0032-3861(66)90028-0
10.1002/pol.1959.1203412728
10.1016/0032-3861(71)90044-9
10.1002/pol.1966.110040602
10.1088/0370-1301/63/1/302
10.1016/0032-3861(73)90110-9
10.1002/bip.1969.360080514
Wetton R. E.;Moneypenny H. G.To be published.
{'key': 'e_1_2_1_27_2', 'first-page': '22', 'volume-title': 'Strong Solids', 'author': 'Kelly A.', 'year': '1966'} / Strong Solids by Kelly A. (1966)

Dates

Type	When
Created	18 years, 5 months ago (March 29, 2007, 10:49 a.m.)
Deposited	1 year, 9 months ago (Nov. 23, 2023, 12:36 p.m.)
Indexed	1 year, 6 months ago (Feb. 10, 2024, 6:58 p.m.)
Issued	50 years, 8 months ago (Jan. 1, 1975)
Published	50 years, 8 months ago (Jan. 1, 1975)
Published Online	18 years, 6 months ago (Feb. 26, 2007)
Published Print	50 years, 8 months ago (Jan. 1, 1975)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Wetton_1975, title={Fundamental properties of densified polymeric glasses}, volume={7}, ISSN={1934-256X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.4980070106}, DOI={10.1002/pi.4980070106}, number={1}, journal={British Polymer Journal}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Wetton, Raymond E. and Moneypenny, Harry G.}, year={1975}, month=jan, pages={51–68} }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2024,
        2,
        10
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2024-02-10T23:58:08Z",
    "timestamp": 1707609488906
  },
  "reference-count": 26,
  "publisher": "Wiley",
  "issue": "1",
  "license": [
    {
      "start": {
        "date-parts": [
          [
            2007,
            2,
            26
          ]
        ],
        "date-time": "2007-02-26T00:00:00Z",
        "timestamp": 1172448000000
      },
      "content-version": "vor",
      "delay-in-days": 11744,
      "URL": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor"
    }
  ],
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [],
    "crossmark-restriction": false
  },
  "published-print": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1975,
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "abstract": "<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Glass forming high polymers have been densified by application of high hydrostatic pressure (\u223c1.5 kbar) in the melt followed by cooling under pressure to ambient. A density increase of about 1% was induced in each of the following polymers: polyvinylchloride, polymethylmethacrylate, polystyrene, poly\u20104\u2010chlorostyrene, poly\u20103\u2010chlorostyrene, poly\u20104\u2010methoxystyrene and poly\u20104\u2010phenoxystyrene. Differential thermal analysis (DSC) and volume relaxation techniques were used to study the reversion of the densified glass to a more normal glass at a temperature \u223c<jats:italic>T<jats:sub>g</jats:sub></jats:italic> \u2013 15 K in general. Enthalpy relaxation (a change from glass I to glass II) in this region gives a peak or diffuse hump on the DSC scan prior to a normal glass transition temperature. It is considered that although the densified glasses may become thermodynamically stable at a sufficiently low temperature they are inherently unstable at ambient. Reversion to a more normal glass is kinetically too slow to measure at ambient in all cases studied except polymethylmethacrylate. Changes of dynamic Young's moduli and dielectric constant with densification are reported in detail for some systems and in summary for others. The densified glasses exhibit moduli higher by \u223c6%, dielectric constant higher by \u223c2% and depressed secondary mechanical and dielectric relaxation processes. Ultimate property studies are reported for PVC.</jats:p>",
  "DOI": "10.1002/pi.4980070106",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2007,
        3,
        29
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2007-03-29T14:49:40Z",
    "timestamp": 1175179780000
  },
  "page": "51-68",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 33,
  "title": "Fundamental properties of densified polymeric glasses",
  "prefix": "10.1002",
  "volume": "7",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "Raymond E.",
      "family": "Wetton",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Harry G.",
      "family": "Moneypenny",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    }
  ],
  "member": "311",
  "published-online": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2007,
        2,
        26
      ]
    ]
  },
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_2_2",
      "first-page": "322",
      "volume": "2",
      "author": "Shishkin N. L.",
      "year": "1960",
      "journal-title": "Sov. Physics Solid State"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_3_2",
      "first-page": "375",
      "volume": "11",
      "author": "Saito S.",
      "year": "1968",
      "journal-title": "Reports Prog. Polymer Phys. Japan"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_4_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1002/app.1972.070160103"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_5_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1007/BF01525081"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_6_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0032-3861(66)90011-5"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_7_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1295/polymj.2.530"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_8_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1002/pol.1972.160100706"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_9_2",
      "first-page": "95",
      "volume-title": "Molecular Relaxation Processes",
      "author": "Fielding\u2010Russell G. S.",
      "year": "1966"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_10_2",
      "unstructured": "Fielding\u2010Russell G. S.;Wetton R. E.Plast. Polym.June1970 p.179."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_11_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1007/BF02657207"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_12_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1021/j100870a600"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_13_2",
      "first-page": "1297",
      "volume": "2",
      "author": "Saito S.",
      "year": "1968",
      "journal-title": "J. Polym. Sci."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_14_2",
      "first-page": "27",
      "volume": "217",
      "author": "Davies R. O.",
      "year": "1953",
      "journal-title": "Proc. Roy. Soc."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_15_2",
      "unstructured": "Wunderlich B.Private communication."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_16_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1039/tf9656101876"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_17_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1007/BFb0050366"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_18_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1007/978-1-4615-8669-2_11"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_19_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0032-3861(66)90028-0"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_20_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1002/pol.1959.1203412728"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_21_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0032-3861(71)90044-9"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_22_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1002/pol.1966.110040602"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_23_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1088/0370-1301/63/1/302"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_24_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/0032-3861(73)90110-9"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_25_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1002/bip.1969.360080514"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_26_2",
      "unstructured": "Wetton R. E.;Moneypenny H. G.To be published."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_27_2",
      "first-page": "22",
      "volume-title": "Strong Solids",
      "author": "Kelly A.",
      "year": "1966"
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "British Polymer Journal",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fpi.4980070106",
      "content-type": "unspecified",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "text-mining"
    },
    {
      "URL": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/pi.4980070106",
      "content-type": "unspecified",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "similarity-checking"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2023,
        11,
        23
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2023-11-23T17:36:36Z",
    "timestamp": 1700760996000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pi.4980070106"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1975,
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 26,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "1",
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          1975,
          1
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "alternative-id": [
    "10.1002/pi.4980070106"
  ],
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.4980070106",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "0007-1641",
    "1934-256X"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "container-title-short": "Brit. Poly. J.",
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1975,
        1
      ]
    ]
  }
}