DOI: 10.1002/pen.760100310. On the strength and stiffness of planar reinforced plastic resins

On the strength and stiffness of planar reinforced plastic resins

10.1002/pen.760100310

Crossref journal-article

Wiley

Polymer Engineering & Science (311)

Abstract

AbstractThe recent history of planar reinforced plastic resins, including glass flake, high modulus ceramic flake, and continuous vapor coated film composites, is reviewed. The theoretical mechanics of both continuous (film) and discontinuous (flake and ribbon) reinforcements are summarized in simple form. A novel set of design curves is presented from which the lower bound requirements for the flake composite constitutents may be read directly. At the same time, the dependence of the composite ultimate strength on the shear strength of the plastic resin matrix is demonstrated.The mechanical properties of experimental film and flake composites representative of recent work are reported and compared with the theoretical predictions. In conclusion, the potential of planar reinforced plastic resin composites is discussed and found to be significant for applications where low weight and high isotropic stiffness are required, for example in aero‐structural, airfoil, or blade components.

Bibliography

Padawer, G. E., & Beecher, N. (1970). On the strength and stiffness of planar reinforced plastic resins. Polymer Engineering & Science, 10(3), 185â192. Portico.

Authors 2

G. E. Padawer (first)
N. Beecher (additional)

References 28 Referenced 141

C. M.Bower R. A.Landy andJ. D.Calfee “Tapes and Ribbons in Composites” HPC‐65‐5 Monsanto Co./Washington Univ. St. Louis Mo. (Aug.1965).
Anon. “Investigation of Flake Laminate—Final Report” Emhart Mfg. Co. Hartford Conn. (Jan.1958).
L. P.SuffrediniandD. W.Stevens “Establishment of the Potential of Flake Reinforced Composites as Engineering Structural Materials—Summary Technical Report” 59‐6255‐c Narmco Industries Inc. San Diego Calif. (1960).
A. J.Luirette “The Properties of Compression Molded Glass Flake Reinforced Resin Composites” ASD TR 61‐300 Narmco R & D San Diego Calif. (1961). (10.21236/AD0265885)
Anon. “Establishment of the Potential of Flake Reinforced Laminates as Engineering Structural Materials—Final Report” NOw 61‐0305‐c Narmco R & D San Diego Calif. (1962).
J. J.Aclin “Investigation of Glass Flake Laminates—Final Report” TB4‐003D‐OMS Olin‐Mathieson Chem. Corp. New Haven Conn. (Jan.1960).
Anon. “Investigation of Flake Laminates—Final Report” 29 Linden Laboratories Inc. State College Pa. (Nov.1956).
C. F.Zapf P. T. B.Shaffer andW. J.Corbett “Silicon Carbide Platelete Reinforced Epoxy Composite Investigation” AFML‐TR‐65‐282 Wright‐Patterson Air Force Base Ohio (Aug.1965).
{'key': 'e_1_2_1_10_2', 'article-title': 'Single Crystal Flake Reinforced Composites', 'volume': '5', 'author': 'Economy J.', 'year': '1968', 'journal-title': 'SAMPE J.'} / SAMPE J. / Single Crystal Flake Reinforced Composites by Economy J. (1968)
L. R.Allen Personal communication Norton Research Corp. Cambridge Mass. (Jan.1969).
{'key': 'e_1_2_1_12_2', 'volume-title': 'Modern Composite Materials', 'author': 'Humphrey R. A.', 'year': '1967'} / Modern Composite Materials by Humphrey R. A. (1967)
10.1177/002199836800200409
R.Cornish Personal communication IITRI Chicago Ill. (Jan.1969).
N.Beecher F.Feakes andL. R.Allen “Laminar Film Reinforcements for Structural Applications” 12th National Symposium SAMPE (Oct.1967).
E. E.Chadsey G. E.Padawer andF.Feakes “Study of Structural Behavior of Thin Films—First Year Summary Report” NASA‐CR‐97472 Norton Research Corp. Cambridge Mass. (1968).
E. E.Chadsey G. E.Padawer andF.Feakes “Investigation of Composite Structures Fabricated With Advanced High Strength High‐Modulus Reinforcement Materials” USAAVLABS Technical Report 68‐56 Norton Research Corp. Cambridge Mass. (Aug.1968).
10.1115/1.3641719
10.1177/002199836900300103
A. S.Argon F.Feakes andP. M.Scop “Tensile Strength of Fibrous and Sheet Composites” paper presented at conference sponsored by American Society for Testing and Materials (Feb.1969).
10.2514/3.2699
J. M.Hedgepeth “Stress Concentrations in Filamentary Structures” NASA TN D‐882 Langley Research Field Langley Field Va. (1961).
C.ZwebenandB. W.Rosen “A Statistical Theory of Material Strength with Application to Composite Materials” AIAA 7th Aerospace Sciences Meeting 1 1(Jan.1969).
R. F.Crawford “An Evaluation of Boron‐Polymer Film Layer Composites for High Performance Structures” NASA CR‐1114 Astro Research Santa Barbara Calif. (Sept.1968).
10.1088/0508-3443/3/3/302
N. F.Dow “Study of Stresses Near a Discontinuity in a Filament‐Reinforced Composite Metal” Metal Space Mechanics Memo No. 102 General Electrical Space Sciences Laboratory (Jan.1961).
10.1088/0508-3443/16/2/313
{'key': 'e_1_2_1_28_2', 'first-page': '124', 'volume-title': 'Fibre Reinforcement', 'author': 'Kelly A.', 'year': '1966'} / Fibre Reinforcement by Kelly A. (1966)
Anon. “State of the Art Flake Glass Laminates” Plastics Report OTS PB 161947 Plastics Technical Evaluation Center Picatinny Arsenal Dover N.J. (Oct.1960).

Dates

Type	When
Created	20 years, 7 months ago (Dec. 28, 2004, 7:02 p.m.)
Deposited	1 year, 9 months ago (Nov. 1, 2023, 11:10 p.m.)
Indexed	4 weeks ago (July 27, 2025, 3:53 a.m.)
Issued	55 years, 3 months ago (May 1, 1970)
Published	55 years, 3 months ago (May 1, 1970)
Published Online	20 years, 11 months ago (Aug. 25, 2004)
Published Print	55 years, 3 months ago (May 1, 1970)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Padawer_1970, title={On the strength and stiffness of planar reinforced plastic resins}, volume={10}, ISSN={1548-2634}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760100310}, DOI={10.1002/pen.760100310}, number={3}, journal={Polymer Engineering & Science}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Padawer, G. E. and Beecher, N.}, year={1970}, month=may, pages={185–192} }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2025,
        7,
        27
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2025-07-27T07:53:08Z",
    "timestamp": 1753602788308
  },
  "reference-count": 28,
  "publisher": "Wiley",
  "issue": "3",
  "license": [
    {
      "start": {
        "date-parts": [
          [
            2004,
            8,
            25
          ]
        ],
        "date-time": "2004-08-25T00:00:00Z",
        "timestamp": 1093392000000
      },
      "content-version": "vor",
      "delay-in-days": 12535,
      "URL": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor"
    }
  ],
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [],
    "crossmark-restriction": false
  },
  "published-print": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1970,
        5
      ]
    ]
  },
  "abstract": "<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The recent history of planar reinforced plastic resins, including glass flake, high modulus ceramic flake, and continuous vapor coated film composites, is reviewed. The theoretical mechanics of both continuous (film) and discontinuous (flake and ribbon) reinforcements are summarized in simple form. A novel set of design curves is presented from which the lower bound requirements for the flake composite constitutents may be read directly. At the same time, the dependence of the composite ultimate strength on the shear strength of the plastic resin matrix is demonstrated.</jats:p><jats:p>The mechanical properties of experimental film and flake composites representative of recent work are reported and compared with the theoretical predictions. In conclusion, the potential of planar reinforced plastic resin composites is discussed and found to be significant for applications where low weight and high isotropic stiffness are required, for example in aero\u2010structural, airfoil, or blade components.</jats:p>",
  "DOI": "10.1002/pen.760100310",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2004,
        12,
        29
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2004-12-29T00:02:08Z",
    "timestamp": 1104278528000
  },
  "page": "185-192",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 141,
  "title": "On the strength and stiffness of planar reinforced plastic resins",
  "prefix": "10.1002",
  "volume": "10",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "G. E.",
      "family": "Padawer",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "N.",
      "family": "Beecher",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    }
  ],
  "member": "311",
  "published-online": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2004,
        8,
        25
      ]
    ]
  },
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_2_2",
      "unstructured": "C. M.Bower R. A.Landy andJ. D.Calfee \u201cTapes and Ribbons in Composites\u201d HPC\u201065\u20105 Monsanto Co./Washington Univ. St. Louis Mo. (Aug.1965)."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_3_2",
      "unstructured": "Anon. \u201cInvestigation of Flake Laminate\u2014Final Report\u201d Emhart Mfg. Co. Hartford Conn. (Jan.1958)."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_4_2",
      "unstructured": "L. P.SuffrediniandD. W.Stevens \u201cEstablishment of the Potential of Flake Reinforced Composites as Engineering Structural Materials\u2014Summary Technical Report\u201d 59\u20106255\u2010c Narmco Industries Inc. San Diego Calif. (1960)."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_5_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
      "unstructured": "A. J.Luirette \u201cThe Properties of Compression Molded Glass Flake Reinforced Resin Composites\u201d ASD TR 61\u2010300 Narmco R & D San Diego Calif. (1961).",
      "DOI": "10.21236/AD0265885"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_6_2",
      "unstructured": "Anon. \u201cEstablishment of the Potential of Flake Reinforced Laminates as Engineering Structural Materials\u2014Final Report\u201d NOw 61\u20100305\u2010c Narmco R & D San Diego Calif. (1962)."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_7_2",
      "unstructured": "J. J.Aclin \u201cInvestigation of Glass Flake Laminates\u2014Final Report\u201d TB4\u2010003D\u2010OMS Olin\u2010Mathieson Chem. Corp. New Haven Conn. (Jan.1960)."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_8_2",
      "unstructured": "Anon. \u201cInvestigation of Flake Laminates\u2014Final Report\u201d 29 Linden Laboratories Inc. State College Pa. (Nov.1956)."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_9_2",
      "unstructured": "C. F.Zapf P. T. B.Shaffer andW. J.Corbett \u201cSilicon Carbide Platelete Reinforced Epoxy Composite Investigation\u201d AFML\u2010TR\u201065\u2010282 Wright\u2010Patterson Air Force Base Ohio (Aug.1965)."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_10_2",
      "article-title": "Single Crystal Flake Reinforced Composites",
      "volume": "5",
      "author": "Economy J.",
      "year": "1968",
      "journal-title": "SAMPE J."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_11_2",
      "unstructured": "L. R.Allen Personal communication Norton Research Corp. Cambridge Mass. (Jan.1969)."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_12_2",
      "volume-title": "Modern Composite Materials",
      "author": "Humphrey R. A.",
      "year": "1967"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_13_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1177/002199836800200409"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_14_2",
      "unstructured": "R.Cornish Personal communication IITRI Chicago Ill. (Jan.1969)."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_15_2",
      "unstructured": "N.Beecher F.Feakes andL. R.Allen \u201cLaminar Film Reinforcements for Structural Applications\u201d 12th National Symposium SAMPE (Oct.1967)."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_16_2",
      "unstructured": "E. E.Chadsey G. E.Padawer andF.Feakes \u201cStudy of Structural Behavior of Thin Films\u2014First Year Summary Report\u201d NASA\u2010CR\u201097472 Norton Research Corp. Cambridge Mass. (1968)."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_17_2",
      "unstructured": "E. E.Chadsey G. E.Padawer andF.Feakes \u201cInvestigation of Composite Structures Fabricated With Advanced High Strength High\u2010Modulus Reinforcement Materials\u201d USAAVLABS Technical Report 68\u201056 Norton Research Corp. Cambridge Mass. (Aug.1968)."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_18_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1115/1.3641719"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_19_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1177/002199836900300103"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_20_2",
      "unstructured": "A. S.Argon F.Feakes andP. M.Scop \u201cTensile Strength of Fibrous and Sheet Composites\u201d paper presented at conference sponsored by American Society for Testing and Materials (Feb.1969)."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_21_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.2514/3.2699"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_22_2",
      "unstructured": "J. M.Hedgepeth \u201cStress Concentrations in Filamentary Structures\u201d NASA TN D\u2010882 Langley Research Field Langley Field Va. (1961)."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_23_2",
      "unstructured": "C.ZwebenandB. W.Rosen \u201cA Statistical Theory of Material Strength with Application to Composite Materials\u201d AIAA 7th Aerospace Sciences Meeting 1 1(Jan.1969)."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_24_2",
      "unstructured": "R. F.Crawford \u201cAn Evaluation of Boron\u2010Polymer Film Layer Composites for High Performance Structures\u201d NASA CR\u20101114 Astro Research Santa Barbara Calif. (Sept.1968)."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_25_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1088/0508-3443/3/3/302"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_26_2",
      "unstructured": "N. F.Dow \u201cStudy of Stresses Near a Discontinuity in a Filament\u2010Reinforced Composite Metal\u201d Metal Space Mechanics Memo No. 102 General Electrical Space Sciences Laboratory (Jan.1961)."
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_27_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1088/0508-3443/16/2/313"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_28_2",
      "first-page": "124",
      "volume-title": "Fibre Reinforcement",
      "author": "Kelly A.",
      "year": "1966"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_1_29_2",
      "unstructured": "Anon. \u201cState of the Art Flake Glass Laminates\u201d Plastics Report OTS PB 161947 Plastics Technical Evaluation Center Picatinny Arsenal Dover N.J. (Oct.1960)."
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "Polymer Engineering &amp; Science",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fpen.760100310",
      "content-type": "unspecified",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "text-mining"
    },
    {
      "URL": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/pen.760100310",
      "content-type": "unspecified",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "similarity-checking"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2023,
        11,
        2
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2023-11-02T03:10:22Z",
    "timestamp": 1698894622000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://4spepublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pen.760100310"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1970,
        5
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 28,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "3",
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          1970,
          5
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "alternative-id": [
    "10.1002/pen.760100310"
  ],
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760100310",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "0032-3888",
    "1548-2634"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "container-title-short": "Polymer Engineering &amp; Sci",
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1970,
        5
      ]
    ]
  }
}