DOI: 10.1002/jez.1401780402. Motility in chick embryos with substitution of lumbosacral by brachial by lumbosacral spinal cord segments

Motility in chick embryos with substitution of lumbosacral by brachial by lumbosacral spinal cord segments

10.1002/jez.1401780402

Crossref journal-article

Wiley

Journal of Experimental Zoology (311)

Abstract

AbstractIn two and one‐half‐day chick embryos, brachial segments were substituted for lumbosacral segments (Bl series) and vice versa (Lb series). Recordings were made of spontaneous (type I) motility in 9‐ to 17‐day embryos at daily intervals. Total embryonic motility (per cent time spent in activity in 10‐minute periods) and total wing and leg motility did not differ significantly from normal in both series. Furthermore, frequency of movements (per minute) was recorded for wings and legs separately and for combined wing/leg movements. In both experimental series, combined wing/leg movements were significantly more frequent and isolated wing or leg movements less frequent than in normal embryos. This means that two brachial or two lumbosacral segments in the experimental embryos are more tightly coupled than the brachial and lumbosacral segments in a normal embryo. Regional differences between brachial and lumbosacral segments are thus demostrable as early as nine days. The increased frequency of combined wing/leg movements persists after hatching. In hatched chicks of the Bl series, legs are incapable of making alternating stepping movements; they are always abducted and adducted simultaneously as in wing flapping. This is another expression of regional specificity of the brachial cord. We assume that regional specifications of spinal cord segments are built into the cord at the stage of operation.

Authors 2

C. H. Narayanan (first)
Viktor Hamburger (additional)

References 25 Referenced 60

10.1002/jez.1400310104
10.1002/jez.1400370402
{'key': 'e_1_2_1_4_1', 'first-page': '218', 'volume-title': 'Neuroembryology', 'author': 'Detwiler S. R.', 'year': '1936'} / Neuroembryology by Detwiler S. R. (1936)
{'key': 'e_1_2_1_5_1', 'first-page': '251', 'article-title': 'Emergence of nervous coordination. Origins of integrated behavior (27th Growth Symposium)', 'volume': '2', 'author': 'Hamburger V.', 'year': '1968', 'journal-title': 'Devel. Biol.'} / Devel. Biol. / Emergence of nervous coordination. Origins of integrated behavior (27th Growth Symposium) by Hamburger V. (1968)
{'key': 'e_1_2_1_6_1', 'first-page': '141', 'volume-title': 'The Neurosciences Study Program', 'author': 'Hamburger V.', 'year': '1970'} / The Neurosciences Study Program by Hamburger V. (1970)
{'key': 'e_1_2_1_7_1', 'first-page': '45', 'volume-title': 'Development of embryonic motility, in Biopsychology of Development', 'author': 'Hamburger V.', 'year': '1971'} / Development of embryonic motility, in Biopsychology of Development by Hamburger V. (1971)
10.1002/jez.1401590102
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{'key': 'e_1_2_1_11_1', 'first-page': '615', 'article-title': 'Differentiation of the regional action systems in the urodele spinal cord', 'volume': '108', 'author': 'Holtzer H.', 'year': '1950', 'journal-title': 'Anat. Rec.'} / Anat. Rec. / Differentiation of the regional action systems in the urodele spinal cord by Holtzer H. (1950)
Huber G. C.1927New method of fixation and staining of the central nervous system for purpose of study of cytoarchitecture. Contrib. to Med. Sci. Dedicated to A. S. Whartin 1–12.
10.1002/cne.900910204
10.2307/1295499
10.1002/jez.1401340106
10.1073/pnas.65.3.508
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{'key': 'e_1_2_1_18_1', 'volume-title': 'The principles and practice of statistics in biological research', 'author': 'Sokal R. R.', 'year': '1969'} / The principles and practice of statistics in biological research by Sokal R. R. (1969)
{'key': 'e_1_2_1_19_1', 'first-page': '145', 'article-title': 'Function of heterotopic spinal cord segments investigated in the chick', 'volume': '14', 'author': 'Straznicky K.', 'year': '1963', 'journal-title': 'Acta Biol. Hung.'} / Acta Biol. Hung. / Function of heterotopic spinal cord segments investigated in the chick by Straznicky K. (1963)
{'key': 'e_1_2_1_20_1', 'first-page': '437', 'article-title': 'The development of the innervation and the musculature of wings innervated by thoracid nerves', 'volume': '18', 'author': 'Straznicky K.', 'year': '1967', 'journal-title': 'Acta Biol. Hung.'} / Acta Biol. Hung. / The development of the innervation and the musculature of wings innervated by thoracid nerves by Straznicky K. (1967)
{'key': 'e_1_2_1_21_1', 'first-page': '449', 'article-title': 'Functional adaptation of thoracic spinal cord segments in the newt', 'volume': '18', 'author': 'Straznicky K.', 'year': '1967', 'journal-title': 'Acta Biol. Hung.'} / Acta Biol. Hung. / Functional adaptation of thoracic spinal cord segments in the newt by Straznicky K. (1967)
{'key': 'e_1_2_1_22_1', 'first-page': '431', 'article-title': 'Functional specificity of spinal cord segments in the control of the limb movements', 'volume': '2', 'author': 'Székely G.', 'year': '1963', 'journal-title': 'J. Embr. Exp. Morph.'} / J. Embr. Exp. Morph. / Functional specificity of spinal cord segments in the control of the limb movements by Székely G. (1963)
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{'key': 'e_1_2_1_24_1', 'first-page': '226', 'article-title': 'Construction and use of the vibrating needle for embryonic operations', 'volume': '18', 'author': 'Wenger B. S.', 'year': '1968', 'journal-title': 'Bio‐Science'} / Bio‐Science / Construction and use of the vibrating needle for embryonic operations by Wenger B. S. (1968)
{'key': 'e_1_2_1_25_1', 'first-page': '1', 'article-title': 'Self‐differentiation of the basic patterns of coordination', 'volume': '17', 'author': 'Weiss P.', 'year': '1941', 'journal-title': 'Comp. Psychol. Monogr.'} / Comp. Psychol. Monogr. / Self‐differentiation of the basic patterns of coordination by Weiss P. (1941)
{'key': 'e_1_2_1_26_1', 'first-page': '346', 'volume-title': 'Analysis of Development', 'author': 'Weiss P.', 'year': '1955'} / Analysis of Development by Weiss P. (1955)

Dates

Type	When
Created	20 years, 2 months ago (June 11, 2005, 7:27 a.m.)
Deposited	1 year, 9 months ago (Nov. 12, 2023, 11:28 a.m.)
Indexed	1 month, 1 week ago (July 24, 2025, 7:16 a.m.)
Issued	53 years, 9 months ago (Dec. 1, 1971)
Published	53 years, 9 months ago (Dec. 1, 1971)
Published Online	20 years, 2 months ago (June 8, 2005)
Published Print	53 years, 9 months ago (Dec. 1, 1971)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Narayanan_1971, title={Motility in chick embryos with substitution of lumbosacral by brachial by lumbosacral spinal cord segments}, volume={178}, ISSN={1097-010X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jez.1401780402}, DOI={10.1002/jez.1401780402}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Experimental Zoology}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Narayanan, C. H. and Hamburger, Viktor}, year={1971}, month=dec, pages={415–431} }

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