DOI: 10.1002/jctb.5020210903. Formation of graphitisable carbons from gilsonite pitch and polyvinyl chloride

Formation of graphitisable carbons from gilsonite pitch and polyvinyl chloride—a mass spectrometric and N.M.R. study

10.1002/jctb.5020210903

Crossref journal-article

Wiley

Journal of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology (311)

Abstract

AbstractGilsonite pitch and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) were carbonised at slow rates of 0.5°c min−1 and the products of carbonisation examined by chromatography, mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and electron spin resonance spectroscopy. The original Gilsonite pitch contains ∼ 5% of aromatic protons, rising to 24% in soluble material just prior to formation of the graphitisable semi‐coke at 410°c. The carbonised PVC melts (389°c) to form a black isotropic liquid with 23% aromatic protons, rising to 41% at the onset of the coalescence of the mesophase spheres (420–440°c). The constituent molecules are considered to be hydrogenated cyclic structures possessing a great variety of saturated and unsaturated side‐groups. During carbonisation, there is loss of side‐groups, but it is the essentially aliphatic cyclic structures which co‐condense to form the mesophase. Further aromatisation must occur within the mesophase and semi‐coke. The presence of heteroatoms within the Gilsonite pitch is considered to restrict the growth of the mesophase structures and their ability to coalesce to form the much larger units of anisotropic character observed in the case of PVC. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy suggests that free radicals are not necessary to form the mesophase, the free radical character being developed after formation of the mesophase, probably as the aromaticity is developed.

Bibliography

Marsh, H., Akitt, J. W., Hurley, J. M., Melvin, J., & Warburton, A. P. (1971). Formation of graphitisable carbons from gilsonite pitch and polyvinyl chlorideâa mass spectrometric and N.M.R. study. Journal of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, 21(9), 251â260. Portico.

Authors 5

H. Marsh (first)
J. W. Akitt (additional)
J. M. Hurley (additional)
J. Melvin (additional)
A. P. Warburton (additional)

References 16 Referenced 24

{'key': 'e_1_2_1_2_2', 'first-page': '243', 'volume-title': 'Chemistry and physics of carbon', 'author': 'Brooks J. D.', 'year': '1968'} / Chemistry and physics of carbon by Brooks J. D. (1968)
10.1016/0008-6223(70)90112-0
10.1016/0008-6223(71)90128-X
{'key': 'e_1_2_1_5_2', 'first-page': '159', 'volume-title': 'Bituminous materials: asphalts, tars and pitches', 'author': 'McNeil D.', 'year': '1966'} / Bituminous materials: asphalts, tars and pitches by McNeil D. (1966)
Evans S. Ph.D. Thesis Univ. Newcastle upon Tyne 1969
{'key': 'e_1_2_1_7_2', 'first-page': '532', 'volume-title': 'Kirk‐Othmer encyclopedia of chemical technology', 'author': 'Ervin H. O.', 'year': '1963'} / Kirk‐Othmer encyclopedia of chemical technology by Ervin H. O. (1963)
10.1016/0008-6223(64)90285-4
{'key': 'e_1_2_1_9_2', 'first-page': '352', 'volume-title': 'International series of monographs on earth sciences', 'author': 'Bell K. G.', 'year': '1963'} / International series of monographs on earth sciences by Bell K. G. (1963)
10.1021/ac60179a039
10.1016/0008-6223(68)90055-9
10.1016/0008-6223(66)90003-0
10.1016/0008-6223(66)90046-7
{'key': 'e_1_2_1_14_2', 'volume-title': 'Scanning electron microscopy', 'author': 'Thornton P. R.', 'year': '1967'} / Scanning electron microscopy by Thornton P. R. (1967)
10.1088/0022-3735/1/5/420
10.1016/0008-6223(64)90037-5
{'key': 'e_1_2_1_17_2', 'first-page': '369', 'volume': '8', 'author': 'Schnoes H. K.', 'year': '1970', 'journal-title': 'Adv. analyt. Chem, Instrum.'} / Adv. analyt. Chem, Instrum. by Schnoes H. K. (1970)

Dates

Type	When
Created	15 years, 1 month ago (July 6, 2010, 1:32 a.m.)
Deposited	1 year, 9 months ago (Nov. 6, 2023, 4:03 p.m.)
Indexed	1 year, 7 months ago (Jan. 17, 2024, 7:25 p.m.)
Issued	54 years ago (Sept. 1, 1971)
Published	54 years ago (Sept. 1, 1971)
Published Online	18 years, 4 months ago (April 25, 2007)
Published Print	54 years ago (Sept. 1, 1971)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Marsh_1971, title={Formation of graphitisable carbons from gilsonite pitch and polyvinyl chloride—a mass spectrometric and N.M.R. study}, volume={21}, ISSN={1935-0554}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.5020210903}, DOI={10.1002/jctb.5020210903}, number={9}, journal={Journal of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Marsh, H. and Akitt, J. W. and Hurley, J. M. and Melvin, J. and Warburton, A. P.}, year={1971}, month=sep, pages={251–260} }

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