Abstract
AbstractSince the structural repertoire of the hypervariable regions of human antibodies is known to be more restricted than what is implied by sequence variability, a common approach to structural prediction is to use a knowledge‐based (KB) method, such as the canonical structure model (C. Chothia and A. M. Lesk, Journal of Molecular Biology, 1987, Vol. 196, pp. 901–917). However, this model is less successful when applied to camelid heavy chain antibodies. In this study, molecular simulations were used to examine the conformational equilibria of the hypervariable regions (H1, H2, and H3) of a llama heavy chain variable domain, for which KB predictions are poor. Simulations were carried out using both conventional molecular dynamics (MD) and hybrid Monte Carlo with multidimensional replica exchanges (HYMREX). The advantage of the latter method is its ability to selectively target parts of the Hamiltonian that can most readily improve sampling. A novel variant of HYMREX was implemented in which, besides the temperature, torsional interactions and the range of nonbonded interactions were varied. To compare the sampling abilities of MD and this HYMREX scheme, simulations were started from a misfolded conformational state. Overall, MD yielded final conformations more similar to the initial state, implying quasi‐ergodic sampling. In contrast, HYMREX achieved more ergodic sampling, and the majority of conformations that it sampled agreed well with the known crystal structure. The HYMREX simulation results were used to help identify the chief interactions governing the conformational equilibria and to reexamine the key assumptions underlying the KB predictions. The data show that the H1 region exhibited significant conformational freedom, in support of the hypothesis that main‐chain structural variability in this region could play a greater role in antigen binding in camelid antibodies than it does in normal antibodies. Key H1 residues and associated inter‐loop interactions are conjectured to account for the poor KB predictions. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 68:160–177, 2003
References
82
Referenced
21
10.1038/302575a0
10.1016/0161-5890(94)90001-9
10.1073/pnas.83.6.1847
10.1126/science.2658060
10.1016/S0022-2836(77)80200-3
10.1002/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04227.x
/ EMBO J by de la Paz P. (1986)10.1016/0022-2836(87)90249-X
10.1126/science.3090684
10.1016/0022-2836(87)90412-8
10.1038/342877a0
10.1016/0022-2836(92)90224-8
10.1006/jmbi.1997.1354
10.1016/S0014-5793(96)01252-5
10.1016/S0014-5793(99)00821-2
10.1006/jmbi.1997.1442
10.1006/jmbi.1996.0617
{'key': 'e_1_2_8_18_2', 'volume-title': 'Sequences of Immunological Interest', 'author': 'Kabat E. A.', 'year': '1983'}
/ Sequences of Immunological Interest by Kabat E. A. (1983)10.1006/jmbi.1998.1847
10.1016/S0969-2126(99)80049-5
10.1006/jmbi.2000.3839
10.1038/363446a0
10.1093/protein/7.9.1129
10.1038/nsb0996-752
10.1038/nsb0996-803
10.1006/jmbi.2001.4856
10.1074/jbc.M102107200
10.1038/nsb0996-733
10.1016/S0161-5890(97)00146-6
10.1038/335564a0
10.1002/bip.360261207
10.1002/prot.340010408
10.1002/bip.360320106
10.1002/pro.5560030315
10.1002/(SICI)1097-0134(199609)26:1<9::AID-PROT2>3.0.CO;2-E
10.1073/pnas.86.23.9268
10.1002/prot.340140409
10.1002/(SICI)1097-0134(199602)24:2<152::AID-PROT2>3.0.CO;2-L
10.1006/jmbi.1998.1698
10.1002/1097-0282(2001)60:2<96::AID-BIP1007>3.0.CO;2-F
10.1016/0370-2693(91)91256-U
10.1103/PhysRevLett.68.9
10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.211
10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.2353.2
10.1016/0021-9991(87)90054-4
10.1021/jp972280j
10.1002/jcc.540141110
10.1063/1.462133
10.1209/0295-5075/19/6/002
10.1063/1.469931
10.1002/(SICI)1096-987X(199705)18:7<920::AID-JCC5>3.0.CO;2-T
10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.2151
10.1143/JPSJ.65.1604
{'key': 'e_1_2_8_54_2', 'first-page': '156', 'volume-title': 'Computing Science and Statistics', 'author': 'Geyer C. J.', 'year': '1991'}
/ Computing Science and Statistics by Geyer C. J. (1991){'key': 'e_1_2_8_55_2', 'first-page': '59', 'volume-title': 'Spin Glasses and Random Fields', 'author': 'Marinari E.', 'year': '1998'}
/ Spin Glasses and Random Fields by Marinari E. (1998)10.1007/BF02189229
10.1016/S0009-2614(97)01198-6
10.1063/1.479952
10.1063/1.480282
10.1016/0009-2614(96)00761-0
10.1021/jp962142e
10.1016/S0009-2614(99)01123-9
10.1002/(SICI)1096-987X(19981130)19:15<1689::AID-JCC2>3.0.CO;2-J
10.1002/(SICI)1097-0134(19991201)37:4<683::AID-PROT17>3.0.CO;2-D
10.1002/jcc.540040211
10.1016/0370-2693(87)91197-X
10.1103/PhysRevB.45.679
10.1016/0370-2693(90)91790-I
10.1002/bip.360330815
10.1063/1.1308516
10.1063/1.1699114
10.1021/jp973084f
10.1002/jcc.540150702
10.1021/j150644a002
10.1080/00268979300100411
10.1002/elps.1150181505
{'key': 'e_1_2_8_77_2', 'volume-title': 'Sequences of Immunoglobulin Chains', 'author': 'Kabat E. A.', 'year': '1979'}
/ Sequences of Immunoglobulin Chains by Kabat E. A. (1979)10.1016/0021-9991(77)90098-5
{'key': 'e_1_2_8_79_2', 'volume-title': 'Multivariate Statistical Methods', 'author': 'Manly B. F. J.', 'year': '1994'}
/ Multivariate Statistical Methods by Manly B. F. J. (1994)10.1021/jp9521621
10.1006/jmbi.1998.2172
10.1016/S0022-2836(05)80102-0
10.1007/s002140050429
Dates
Type | When |
---|---|
Created | 22 years, 7 months ago (Jan. 27, 2003, 11:30 a.m.) |
Deposited | 1 year, 10 months ago (Oct. 13, 2023, 8:44 p.m.) |
Indexed | 1 year, 6 months ago (Feb. 10, 2024, 1:09 p.m.) |
Issued | 22 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 18, 2002) |
Published | 22 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 18, 2002) |
Published Online | 22 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 18, 2002) |
Published Print | 22 years, 7 months ago (Feb. 1, 2003) |
@article{Fenwick_2002, title={Hybrid Monte Carlo with multidimensional replica exchanges: Conformational equilibria of the hypervariable regions of a llama VHH antibody domain}, volume={68}, ISSN={1097-0282}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.10291}, DOI={10.1002/bip.10291}, number={2}, journal={Biopolymers}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Fenwick, Michael K. and Escobedo, Fernando A.}, year={2002}, month=dec, pages={160–177} }