Crossref journal-article
Wiley
Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English (311)
Abstract

AbstractStarburst dendrimers are three‐dimensional, highly ordered oligomeric and polymeric compounds formed by reiterative reaction sequences starting from smaller molecules—“initiator cores” such as ammonia or pentaerythritol. Protecting group strategies are crucial in these syntheses, which proceed via discrete “Aufbau” stages referred to as generations. Critical molecular design parameters (CMDPs) such as size, shape, and surface chemistry may be controlled by the reactions and synthetic building blocks used. Starburst dendrimers can mimic certain properties of micelles and liposomes and even those of biomolecules and the still more complicated, but highly organized, building blocks of biological systems. Numerous applications of these compounds are conceivable, particularly in mimicking the functions of large biomolecules as drug carriers and immunogens. This new branch of “supramolecular chemistry” should spark new developments in both organic and macromolecular chemistry.

Bibliography

Tomalia, D. A., Naylor, A. M., & Goddard, W. A. (1990). Starburst Dendrimers: Molecular‐Level Control of Size, Shape, Surface Chemistry, Topology, and Flexibility from Atoms to Macroscopic Matter. Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English, 29(2), 138–175. Portico.

Authors 3
  1. Donald A. Tomalia (first)
  2. Adel M. Naylor (additional)
  3. William A. Goddard (additional)
References 291 Referenced 2,906
  1. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_1_2', 'volume-title': "Gulliver's Travels (1726)", 'author': 'Swift J.'} / Gulliver's Travels (1726) by Swift J.
  2. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_1_3', 'volume-title': 'Gullivers Reisen (Insel Taschenbuch 58)', 'year': '1974'} / Gullivers Reisen (Insel Taschenbuch 58) (1974)
  3. 10.1093/protein/1.1.7
  4. 10.1126/science.3296192
  5. 10.1126/science.242.4886.1671
  6. 10.1021/ja00193a077
  7. 10.1021/ar00166a002
  8. 10.1021/cr00073a004
  9. 10.1002/ange.19881000708
  10. 10.1002/anie.198809131
  11. 10.1126/science.2492114
  12. 10.1002/ange.19850970805
  13. 10.1002/anie.198506391
  14. 10.1002/ange.19891010504
  15. 10.1002/anie.198905353
  16. 10.1002/ange.19810930604
  17. 10.1002/anie.198105001
  18. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_5_4', 'volume-title': 'Erfolgsgeheimnisse der Natur – Synergetik: Die Lehre vom Zusammenwirken', 'author': 'Haken H.', 'year': '1986'} / Erfolgsgeheimnisse der Natur – Synergetik: Die Lehre vom Zusammenwirken by Haken H. (1986)
  19. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_5_5', 'volume-title': 'Ordnung aus dem Chaos. Prinzipien der Selbstorganisation und Evolution des Lebens', 'author': 'Küppers B. O.', 'year': '1987'} / Ordnung aus dem Chaos. Prinzipien der Selbstorganisation und Evolution des Lebens by Küppers B. O. (1987)
  20. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_5_6', 'volume-title': 'Chaos und Ordnung. Die komplexe Strukture des Lebendigen', 'author': 'Cramer F.', 'year': '1988'} / Chaos und Ordnung. Die komplexe Strukture des Lebendigen by Cramer F. (1988)
  21. 10.1007/BF00623322
  22. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_6_3', 'first-page': '11', 'volume-title': 'Evalutation Now', 'author': 'Eigen M.', 'year': '1982'} / Evalutation Now by Eigen M. (1982)
  23. 10.1063/1.3071140
  24. 10.1126/science.181.4096.223
  25. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_7_3', 'first-page': '285', 'volume': '96', 'author': 'Jaenicke R.', 'year': '1984', 'journal-title': 'Angew. Chem.'} / Angew. Chem. by Jaenicke R. (1984)
  26. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_7_4', 'first-page': '395', 'volume': '96', 'year': '1984', 'journal-title': 'Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl.'} / Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. (1984)
  27. 10.1021/ja01002a035
  28. 10.1002/ange.19720840104
  29. 10.1002/anie.197200161
  30. 10.1002/ange.19881000805 / Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. by Pedersen C. J. (1989)
  31. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_8_6', 'first-page': '1029', 'volume': '27', 'year': '1988', 'journal-title': 'Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl.'} / Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. (1988)
  32. 10.1007/BFb0004364
  33. 10.1021/ar50122a001
  34. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_9_4', 'first-page': '167', 'volume-title': 'Synthesis of Macrocycles: The Design of Selective Complexing Agents (Prog. Macrocyclic Chem', 'author': 'Potvin P. G.', 'year': '1987'} / Synthesis of Macrocycles: The Design of Selective Complexing Agents (Prog. Macrocyclic Chem by Potvin P. G. (1987)
  35. 10.1002/ange.19881000110
  36. 10.1002/anie.198800891
  37. 10.1002/ange.19790911007
  38. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_10_3', 'first-page': '753', 'volume': '15', 'year': '1979', 'journal-title': 'Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl.'} / Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. (1979)
  39. 10.1021/ar00103a006
  40. 10.1126/science.3823899
  41. Angew. Chem. 1990 102
  42. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1990 29 (10.1002/anie.199009391)
  43. 10.1021/ar50121a002
  44. 10.1002/ange.19860981202
  45. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_12_4', 'first-page': '1039', 'volume': '27', 'year': '1986', 'journal-title': 'Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl.'} / Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. (1986)
  46. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_12_5', 'first-page': '104', 'volume': '100', 'year': '1988', 'journal-title': 'Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl.'} / Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. (1988)
  47. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_12_6', 'first-page': '109', 'volume': '100', 'year': '1988', 'journal-title': 'Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl.'} / Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. (1988)
  48. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_12_7', 'first-page': '760', 'volume': '100', 'year': '1988', 'journal-title': 'Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl.'} / Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. (1988)
  49. 10.1021/ar00075a001
  50. 10.1021/ar00089a003
  51. 10.1002/ange.19881000307
  52. 10.1002/anie.198803621
  53. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_14_2', 'volume-title': 'Biological Macromolecules and Assemblies', 'author': 'Jurnak F. A.', 'year': '1987'} / Biological Macromolecules and Assemblies by Jurnak F. A. (1987)
  54. 10.1126/science.3051385
  55. 10.1002/ange.19850970804
  56. 10.1002/anie.198506173
  57. 10.1038/scientificamerican1085-88
  58. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_15_3', 'first-page': '78', 'volume': '1985', 'journal-title': 'Spektrum Wissensch.'} / Spektrum Wissensch.
  59. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_16_2', 'volume-title': 'Makromolekulare Chemie – Das Werk Hermann Staudingers in seiner heutigen Bedeutung', 'author': 'Jostkleigrewe E.', 'year': '1967'} / Makromolekulare Chemie – Das Werk Hermann Staudingers in seiner heutigen Bedeutung by Jostkleigrewe E. (1967)
  60. 10.1002/ange.19870990204
  61. 10.1002/anie.198700933
  62. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_17_2', 'volume-title': 'Polymers. The Origin and Growth of a Science', 'author': 'Morawetz H.', 'year': '1985'} / Polymers. The Origin and Growth of a Science by Morawetz H. (1985)
  63. 10.1021/ja00355a039
  64. 10.1002/ange.19881000751
  65. 10.1002/anie.198809941
  66. 10.1002/masy.19880130133
  67. 10.1002/masy.19880130137
  68. 10.1007/BF00955918
  69. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_20_2', 'volume-title': 'The Peptides', 'author': 'Merrifield R. B.', 'year': '1980'} / The Peptides by Merrifield R. B. (1980)
  70. 10.1002/ange.19850971004
  71. 10.1002/anie.198507993
  72. 10.1007/978-3-642-96763-4 / Principles of Peptide Synthesis by Bodanzky M. (1984)
  73. 10.1007/978-3-642-96835-8 / The Praclics of Peptide Synthesis by Bodanzky M. (1984)
  74. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_21_2', 'first-page': '341', 'volume-title': 'Nobel Lectures: Physiology or Medicine', 'author': 'Khorana H. G.', 'year': '1973'} / Nobel Lectures: Physiology or Medicine by Khorana H. G. (1973)
  75. 10.1002/ange.19690812404
  76. A term coined to denote synthetic mimicry of biological supramolecular structures with self‐assembling or covalent fixed architectures.
  77. 10.1002/ange.19860981004
  78. 10.1002/anie.198608821
  79. 10.1021/ar50145a002
  80. 10.1002/ange.19870990926
  81. 10.1002/anie.198708921
  82. 10.1002/ange.19891010852
  83. 10.1002/anie.198911031
  84. 10.1002/adma.19890010806
  85. 10.1002/ange.19780900714
  86. 10.1002/anie.197805201
  87. 10.1021/ja01069a041
  88. 10.1021/cr00095a006
  89. 10.1002/ange.19891010310
  90. 10.1002/anie.198903051
  91. 10.1002/ange.19891010214
  92. 10.1002/anie.198901891
  93. 10.1016/S0040-4020(01)96671-2
  94. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_29_5', 'volume-title': 'Organic Chemistry: The Name Game', 'author': 'Nickon A.', 'year': '1987'} / Organic Chemistry: The Name Game by Nickon A. (1987)
  95. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_29_6', 'first-page': '151', 'volume': '2', 'author': 'Mislow K.', 'year': '1989', 'journal-title': 'Chemtracts‐Org. Chem.'} / Chemtracts‐Org. Chem. by Mislow K. (1989)
  96. 10.1038/scientificamerican0386-78
  97. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_31_2', 'first-page': '354', 'volume': '75', 'author': 'West B. J.', 'year': '1987', 'journal-title': 'Am. Sci.'} / Am. Sci. by West B. J. (1987)
  98. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_31_3', 'volume-title': 'Trees and Networks in Biological Models', 'author': 'MacDonald N.', 'year': '1983'} / Trees and Networks in Biological Models by MacDonald N. (1983)
  99. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_32_2', 'volume-title': 'On Growth and Farm', 'author': "Thompson D'Arcy W.", 'year': '1961'} / On Growth and Farm by Thompson D'Arcy W. (1961)
  100. 10.1126/science.227.4689.849
  101. 10.1002/ange.19850970904
  102. 10.1002/anie.198507271
  103. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_35_2', 'article-title': 'Host Guest Complex Chemistry I–III', 'volume': '98', 'author': 'Vögtle F.', 'year': '1981', 'journal-title': 'Top. Curr. Chem.'} / Top. Curr. Chem. / Host Guest Complex Chemistry I–III by Vögtle F. (1981)
  104. Top. Curr. Chem. 1982 101 Host Guest Complex Chemistry I–III
  105. Top. Curr. Chem. 1984 121 Host Guest Complex Chemistry I‐III
  106. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_36_2', 'article-title': 'Biomimetic and Bioorganic Chemistry I‐III', 'volume': '128', 'author': 'Vögtle F.', 'year': '1985', 'journal-title': 'Top. Curr. Chem.'} / Top. Curr. Chem. / Biomimetic and Bioorganic Chemistry I‐III by Vögtle F. (1985)
  107. Top. Curr. Chem. 1986 132
  108. Top. Curr. Chem. 1986 136
  109. 10.1002/ange.19881000111
  110. 10.1002/anie.198801131
  111. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_38_2', 'volume-title': 'Membrane Mimetic Chemistry', 'author': 'Fendler J. H.', 'year': '1982'} / Membrane Mimetic Chemistry by Fendler J. H. (1982)
  112. 10.1021/ja00453a066
  113. 10.1002/ange.19840960206
  114. 10.1002/anie.198401001
  115. 10.1021/ma00145a006
  116. 10.1021/cr00081a002
  117. 10.1021/ja01856a061
  118. 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1953.tb36406.x
  119. 10.1021/ja01131a008
  120. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_46_2', 'volume-title': 'Principles of Polymer Chemistry', 'author': 'Flory P. J.', 'year': '1953'} / Principles of Polymer Chemistry by Flory P. J. (1953)
  121. 10.1063/1.1723803
  122. 10.1063/1.1723922
  123. 10.1063/1.1747157
  124. 10.1063/1.1723791
  125. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_50_2', 'first-page': '185', 'volume': '8', 'author': 'Graessley W. W.', 'year': '1975', 'journal-title': 'Macromolecules'} / Macromolecules by Graessley W. W. (1975)
  126. 10.1021/ma60048a031
  127. 10.1098/rspa.1966.0224
  128. 10.1351/pac197543010001 / Pure Appl. Chem. by Gordon M.
  129. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_52_4', 'first-page': '35', 'volume': '43', 'author': 'Gordon M.', 'year': '1975', 'journal-title': 'J. Chem. Phys.'} / J. Chem. Phys. by Gordon M. (1975)
  130. 10.1002/macp.1979.020021979103
  131. 10.1007/3-540-12030-0_1
  132. 10.1017/S030500410002497X
  133. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_53_3', 'first-page': '54', 'volume': '263', 'year': '1963', 'journal-title': 'Proc. R. Soc. (London) A'} / Proc. R. Soc. (London) A (1963)
  134. 10.1007/BF00255612 / Polym. Bull. by Hall H. K. (1987)
  135. 10.1021/ja01343a039
  136. 10.1021/ja01434a018
  137. 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1953.tb36412.x
  138. 10.1002/pol.1956.120209402
  139. 10.1021/ma60029a015
  140. 10.1002/macp.1971.021500106
  141. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_59_2', 'first-page': '155', 'volume': '1978', 'author': 'Buhlein E.', 'journal-title': 'Synthesis'} / Synthesis by Buhlein E.
  142. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_60_2', 'volume-title': '1st Society Polymer Science. Japan, Int. Polym. Conf', 'author': 'Tomalia D. A.', 'year': '1984'} / 1st Society Polymer Science. Japan, Int. Polym. Conf by Tomalia D. A. (1984)
  143. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_61_2', 'volume-title': '6th Biennial Carl S. Marvel Symp', 'author': 'Tomalia D. A.', 'year': '1985'} / 6th Biennial Carl S. Marvel Symp by Tomalia D. A. (1985)
  144. 10.1295/polymj.17.117
  145. 10.1021/ma00163a029
  146. 10.1021/ma00171a051
  147. 10.1021/jo00234a006
  148. D. A.Tomalia J. R.Dewald US Pat. 4507466 (1985);
  149. US Pat. 4558 120 (1985);
  150. US Pat. 4568737 (1986);
  151. US Pat. 4587329 (1986);
  152. US Pat. 4631 337 (1986);
  153. US Pat. 4694064 (1987);
  154. US Pat 4713975 (1987);
  155. US Pat. 4737550 (1988);
  156. US Pat. 4871 779 (1989);
  157. US Pat. 4857599 (1989).
  158. 10.1021/ja00239a068
  159. 10.1051/jphyslet:01983004409035100
  160. 10.1002/nadc.19870350704 / Nachr. Chem. Tech. Lab. by Tomalia D. A. (1987)
  161. (a) This term was coined in deference to their branched (dendritic = treelike) as well as their oligomeric nature
  162. (b) The dendrimer generation numbering system used in earlier work [62–64 67 111] designated the first starbranched species derived from the initiator core as generation 1. The present system is preferred wherein that starbranched intermediate is designated generation O. thus making it consistent with the geometric progression (cf. Section 4.2.1).
  163. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_70_4', 'volume-title': 'Topological Methods in Chemistry', 'author': 'Merrifield R. E.', 'year': '1989'} / Topological Methods in Chemistry by Merrifield R. E. (1989)
  164. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_71_2', 'first-page': '612', 'volume': '238', 'author': 'Cram D.', 'year': '1987', 'journal-title': 'Science (Washington)'} / Science (Washington) by Cram D. (1987)
  165. 10.1080/00222338208062416
  166. R. G.Denkewalter J. F.Kolc W. J.Lukasavage US Pat. 4410688 (1983):
  167. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_73_3', 'first-page': '103907p', 'volume': '100', 'year': '1984', 'journal-title': 'Chem. Abstr.'} / Chem. Abstr. (1984)
  168. 10.1021/ma00232a026
  169. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_74_3', 'first-page': '132', 'volume': '24', 'author': 'Aharoni S. M.', 'year': '1983', 'journal-title': 'Polym. Commun.'} / Polym. Commun. by Aharoni S. M. (1983)
  170. 10.1021/jo00211a052
  171. 10.1021/ja00264a054
  172. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_77_2', 'first-page': '752', 'volume': '1986', 'author': 'Newkome G. R.', 'journal-title': 'J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Comm.'} / J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Comm. by Newkome G. R.
  173. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_78_2', 'volume-title': 'Contributions to Transfinite Numbers', 'author': 'Cantor G.', 'year': '1915'} / Contributions to Transfinite Numbers by Cantor G. (1915)
  174. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_79_2', 'first-page': '99', 'volume-title': 'Chaos: Making a New Science', 'author': 'Gleick J.', 'year': '1987'} / Chaos: Making a New Science by Gleick J. (1987)
  175. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_80_2', 'volume-title': 'Fractals: Form, Chance and Dimension', 'author': 'Mandelbrot B. B.', 'year': '1977'} / Fractals: Form, Chance and Dimension by Mandelbrot B. B. (1977)
  176. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_80_3', 'volume-title': 'The Fractal Geometry of Nature', 'year': '1982'} / The Fractal Geometry of Nature (1982)
  177. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_81_2', 'volume-title': 'A Random Walk Through Fractal Dimensions', 'author': 'Kaye B. H.', 'year': '1989'} / A Random Walk Through Fractal Dimensions by Kaye B. H. (1989)
  178. 10.1002/ange.19901020205
  179. 10.1002/anie.199001133
  180. A.Cheetham K.McCormick(Smithsonian Institution. Washington D. C. USA) personal communication.
  181. 10.1126/science.4071040 / Science (Washington) by Lewis M. (1985)
  182. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_85_2', 'first-page': '357', 'volume-title': 'Applied Polymer Analysis and Characterization', 'author': 'Smith P. B.', 'year': '1987'} / Applied Polymer Analysis and Characterization by Smith P. B. (1987)
  183. 10.1007/3-540-16724-2_5
  184. D. A.Tomalia P.Kirchoff D.Downing unpublished results.
  185. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_88_2', 'volume-title': 'Ethyleneimine and Other Aziridines', 'author': 'Dermer O. C.', 'year': '1969'} / Ethyleneimine and Other Aziridines by Dermer O. C. (1969)
  186. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_89_2', 'volume-title': 'Alkyleneimine Polymers', 'author': 'Tomalia D. A.', 'year': '1985'} / Alkyleneimine Polymers by Tomalia D. A. (1985)
  187. D. M.Hedstrand P.Meister D. A.Tomalia unpublished results.
  188. 10.1021/ja00281a038
  189. 10.1016/S0040-4020(01)87581-5
  190. H.Hart personal communication.
  191. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_94_2', 'first-page': '119', 'volume': '30', 'author': 'Padias A.', 'year': '1989', 'journal-title': 'Polym. Prepr. Am. Chem. Soc. Div. Polym. Chem.'} / Polym. Prepr. Am. Chem. Soc. Div. Polym. Chem. by Padias A. (1989)
  192. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_95_2', 'first-page': '115', 'volume': '1', 'author': 'Bochkarev M. N.', 'year': '1988', 'journal-title': 'Organomet. Chem. (USSR)'} / Organomet. Chem. (USSR) by Bochkarev M. N. (1988)
  193. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_96_2', 'first-page': '310', 'volume': '29', 'author': 'Kim Y. H.', 'year': '1988', 'journal-title': 'Polym. Prep. Am. Chem. Soc. Div. Polym. Chem.'} / Polym. Prep. Am. Chem. Soc. Div. Polym. Chem. by Kim Y. H. (1988)
  194. 10.1021/ja00315a051
  195. (b) POLYGRAF is an interactive molecular mechanics/graphics program available from Molecular Simulations Inc. Pasadena CA USA. All simulations were performed on DEC Vax 8650 and Alliant FX8/8 computers. Structures were displayed on Evans & Sutherland PS330 and PS390 series graphics systems.
  196. 10.1146/annurev.bb.06.060177.001055
  197. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_99_2', 'volume-title': 'QCPE Program No. 554', 'author': 'Pascual‐Ahuir J. L.'} / QCPE Program No. 554 by Pascual‐Ahuir J. L.
  198. D. A.Tomalia S.Edwards D. M.Hedstrand P.Meister unpublished results.
  199. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_101_2', 'first-page': '115', 'volume': '30', 'author': 'Wilson L. R.', 'year': '1989', 'journal-title': 'Polym. Prepr. Am. Chem. Soc. Div. Polym. Chem'} / Polym. Prepr. Am. Chem. Soc. Div. Polym. Chem by Wilson L. R. (1989)
  200. (a)D.Meltzer D. A.Tirell unpublished results b P. Smith unpublished results.
  201. 10.1002/pol.1980.170180608
  202. 10.1002/ange.19850971006
  203. 10.1002/anie.198508161
  204. 10.1126/science.2433768
  205. 10.1126/science.2426778
  206. 10.1126/science.4071040
  207. 10.1126/science.3775366
  208. 10.1051/jphys:01982004303053100
  209. 10.1016/0032-3861(84)90109-5
  210. 10.1021/ma00241a035
  211. 10.1021/ja00188a079
  212. 10.1016/S0016-0032(36)90986-9
  213. 10.1016/S0016-0032(37)90797-X
  214. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_112_4', 'first-page': '1172', 'volume-title': 'Science of Petroleum', 'author': 'Ward A. L.', 'year': '1938'} / Science of Petroleum by Ward A. L. (1938)
  215. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_112_5', 'volume-title': 'Physical Chemistry of Hydrocarbons', 'author': 'Kurtz S. S.', 'year': '1953'} / Physical Chemistry of Hydrocarbons by Kurtz S. S. (1953)
  216. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_113_2', 'first-page': '724', 'volume-title': 'Biochemistry', 'author': 'Stryer L.', 'year': '1981'} / Biochemistry by Stryer L. (1981)
  217. 10.1126/science.4023701
  218. 10.1126/science.2904698
  219. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_116_2', 'first-page': '333', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'Ross M.', 'year': '1971', 'journal-title': 'Contemp. Phys.'} / Contemp. Phys. by Ross M. (1971)
  220. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_116_3', 'volume-title': 'Physics of Simple Liquids', 'author': 'Temperleg M. N. V.', 'year': '1968'} / Physics of Simple Liquids by Temperleg M. N. V. (1968)
  221. 10.1126/science.241.4873.1620
  222. 10.1080/00268948808072120
  223. 10.1002/ange.19740862407
  224. 10.1002/anie.197408141
  225. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_120_2', 'first-page': '661', 'volume': '1982', 'author': 'Suckling C. J.', 'journal-title': 'J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun.'} / J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. by Suckling C. J.
  226. See [86] particularly chapters 2–4.
  227. 10.1021/cr00050a003
  228. B.Helmer D. A.Tomalia unpublished results.
  229. D. S.Edwards C. W.Jung D. A.Tomalia unpublished results.
  230. I. A.Tomlinson M. J.Fazio unpublished results.
  231. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_126_2', 'volume-title': 'The Hydrophobic Effect: Formation of Micelles and Biological Membranes', 'author': 'Tanford C.', 'year': '1980'} / The Hydrophobic Effect: Formation of Micelles and Biological Membranes by Tanford C. (1980)
  232. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_127_2', 'first-page': '601', 'volume': '1981', 'author': 'Mitchell D. J.', 'journal-title': 'J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 2'} / J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 2 by Mitchell D. J.
  233. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_128_2', 'first-page': '178', 'volume': '0881', 'author': 'Tomalia D. A.', 'journal-title': 'PCI Int. Appl.'} / PCI Int. Appl. by Tomalia D. A.
  234. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_128_3', 'first-page': '150378x', 'volume': '110', 'year': '1989', 'journal-title': 'Chem. Abstr.'} / Chem. Abstr. (1989)
  235. 10.1073/pnas.85.15.5409
  236. 10.1073/pnas.85.13.4929
  237. 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)77935-6 / J. Biol. Chem. by Posnett D. N. (1988)
  238. 10.1038/scientificamerican0685-90
  239. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_132_3', 'first-page': '82', 'volume': '1985', 'journal-title': 'Spektrum Wiss.'} / Spektrum Wiss.
  240. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_133_2', 'volume-title': 'Genetic Takeover and the Mineral Origins of Life', 'author': 'Cairns‐Smith A. G.', 'year': '1982'} / Genetic Takeover and the Mineral Origins of Life by Cairns‐Smith A. G. (1982)
  241. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_134_2', 'first-page': '24', 'volume': '25', 'author': 'Dawkins R.', 'year': '1986', 'journal-title': 'New Scientist'} / New Scientist by Dawkins R. (1986)
  242. 10.1126/science.2842866
  243. 10.1038/scientificamerican1085-152
  244. 10.1038/scientificamerican0783-98
  245. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_137_2', 'first-page': '987 ff', 'volume-title': 'Molecular Cell Biology', 'author': 'Darnell J.', 'year': '1986'} / Molecular Cell Biology by Darnell J. (1986)
  246. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_137_3', 'first-page': '1443', 'volume': '240', 'author': 'David I. G.', 'year': '1986', 'journal-title': 'Science (Washington)'} / Science (Washington) by David I. G. (1986)
  247. D. A.Tomaliaet al. unpublished results.
  248. 10.1126/science.219.4589.1177
  249. 10.1126/science.6417789
  250. 10.1126/science.3388041
  251. See[137a] p. 1086.
  252. 10.1126/science.2847315
  253. 10.1126/science.3388041
  254. 10.1002/ange.19891011005
  255. 10.1002/anie.198912833
  256. 10.1063/1.2915914
  257. 10.1002/ange.19860980304
  258. 10.1002/anie.198601973
  259. 10.1002/ange.19881000824
  260. 10.1002/anie.198810951
  261. 10.1016/0303-2647(85)90061-9
  262. 10.1126/science.2451290
  263. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_150_2', 'volume-title': 'Telechelic Polymers: Synthesis and Applications', 'author': 'Goethals E. J.', 'year': '1989'} / Telechelic Polymers: Synthesis and Applications by Goethals E. J. (1989)
  264. 10.1021/ma00177a051
  265. 10.1021/ma00182a035
  266. 10.1021/ma00199a054
  267. See [137a]. pp. 774 ff.
  268. 10.1021/ja00268a013
  269. 10.1016/S0040-4020(01)87580-3
  270. 10.1021/ja00389a050
  271. 10.1021/cen-v024n010.p1375
  272. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_155_3', 'first-page': '51', 'volume': '36', 'year': '1948', 'journal-title': 'Am. Sci.'} / Am. Sci. (1948)
  273. 10.1002/ange.19881000707
  274. 10.1002/anie.198809021
  275. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_157_2', 'volume-title': 'Graphic Representation of the Periodic System During One Hundred Years', 'author': 'Mazur E. G.', 'year': '1974'} / Graphic Representation of the Periodic System During One Hundred Years by Mazur E. G. (1974)
  276. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_157_3', 'first-page': '5f', 'volume-title': 'Symmetry Through the Eyes of a Chemist', 'author': 'Hargittai I.', 'year': '1986'} / Symmetry Through the Eyes of a Chemist by Hargittai I. (1986)
  277. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_158_2', 'first-page': '46', 'volume-title': 'Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering.', 'author': 'Tomalia D. A.', 'year': '1990'} / Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering. by Tomalia D. A. (1990)
  278. 10.1002/pol.1977.230120101
  279. 10.1002/pol.1980.230150104
  280. 10.1002/pi.4980170202
  281. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_161_2', 'volume-title': 'Polymer Supported Reactions in Organic Synthesis', 'author': 'Hodge P.', 'year': '1980'} / Polymer Supported Reactions in Organic Synthesis by Hodge P. (1980)
  282. See [137a] pp. 816f.
  283. 10.1145/71573.71574
  284. (a) Cationic surfactants have been successfully organized and characterized on the surfaces of anionically functionalized dendrimers. A “cooperative effect” was noted for higher‐generation PAMAM dendrimers (generations 4.5–9.5) according to photoluminescence probe techniques b) Generation‐dependent morphologies consistent with [111] were corroborated by probing with photoinduced electron‐transfer reactions on the dendrimer surfaces:N. D.Turro G.Caminati D. A.Tomalia Macromolecules(1990) in press.
  285. 10.1038/scientificamerican1286-46
  286. One might argue that artificial protein synthesis as described byM. Mutter[4b] is one of the first efforts in this direction.
  287. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_167_2', 'first-page': '12', 'volume': '307', 'author': 'Raphael E.', 'year': '1988', 'journal-title': 'C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris'} / C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris by Raphael E. (1988)
  288. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_167_3', 'first-page': '1423', 'volume': '306', 'author': 'Casagrande C.', 'year': '1988', 'journal-title': 'C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris'} / C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris by Casagrande C. (1988)
  289. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_168_2', 'volume-title': 'Eukaryotic Genes, Their Structure, Activity and Regulation', 'author': 'Maclean M.', 'year': '1983'} / Eukaryotic Genes, Their Structure, Activity and Regulation by Maclean M. (1983)
  290. {'key': 'e_1_2_1_169_2', 'volume-title': 'Theoretical and Applied Colloid Chemistry: “The World of Neglected Dimensions”', 'author': 'Ostwald W.', 'year': '1917'} / Theoretical and Applied Colloid Chemistry: “The World of Neglected Dimensions” by Ostwald W. (1917)
  291. M. A.Duncan D. H.Rouvray Sci. Am. No. 12 (1989) p. 110. (10.1038/scientificamerican1289-110)
Dates
Type When
Created 21 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 30, 2003, 7:03 p.m.)
Deposited 1 year, 10 months ago (Oct. 22, 2023, 6:02 a.m.)
Indexed 4 days, 15 hours ago (Sept. 3, 2025, 6:29 a.m.)
Issued 35 years, 7 months ago (Feb. 1, 1990)
Published 35 years, 7 months ago (Feb. 1, 1990)
Published Online 21 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 22, 2003)
Published Print 35 years, 7 months ago (Feb. 1, 1990)
Funders 0

None

@article{Tomalia_1990, title={Starburst Dendrimers: Molecular‐Level Control of Size, Shape, Surface Chemistry, Topology, and Flexibility from Atoms to Macroscopic Matter}, volume={29}, ISSN={0570-0833}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.199001381}, DOI={10.1002/anie.199001381}, number={2}, journal={Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Tomalia, Donald A. and Naylor, Adel M. and Goddard, William A.}, year={1990}, month=feb, pages={138–175} }