DOI: 10.1002/adma.200700928. Null‐Scattering Hybrid Particles Using Controlled Radical Polymerization

Null‐Scattering Hybrid Particles Using Controlled Radical Polymerization

10.1002/adma.200700928

Crossref journal-article

Wiley

Advanced Materials (311)

Bibliography

Bombalski, L., Dong, H., Listak, J., Matyjaszewsk, K., & Bockstaller, M. R. (2007). NullâScattering Hybrid Particles Using Controlled Radical Polymerization. Advanced Materials, 19(24), 4486â4490. Portico.

Authors 5

L. Bombalski (first)
H. Dong (additional)
J. Listak (additional)
K. Matyjaszewsk (additional)
M. R. Bockstaller (additional)

References 35 Referenced 56

D. Hull T. W. Clyne inAn Introduction to Composite Materials Cambridge University Press Cambridge UK1996. (10.1017/CBO9781139170130)
10.1016/S1369-7021(04)00506-1
J. C. Williams inDesigning Processing and Properties of Advanced Engineering Materials Parts 1 and 2 Vols. 449–452 (Eds: S.‐G. Kang T. Kobashi) Trans. Tech Enfield NH2004.
Polymer Nanocomposites(Eds: R. Krisnamoorti R. A. Vaia) ACS Symposium Series Oxford University Press Oxford UK2002.
10.1002/adma.200500167
10.1002/1521-4095(200112)13:23<1783::AID-ADMA1783>3.0.CO;2-X
10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.166106
C. F. Bohren D. R. Huffman inAbsorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles Wiley New York1983.
The scattering cross‐sectionCscais a measure for the scattering strength of a particle and is defined in terms of energy conservation: the total energy scattered in all directions is equal to the energy of the incident wave falling on the areaCsca.
The treatment of core‐shell particles as homogeneous effective medium assumes that the particle size is small enough to neglect interference contributions (typicallyd|(n/nm) – 1|/λ << 1/20). When feature sizes are sufficiently large for interference effects to become significant finite particle scattering will be present even for index‐matched conditions; however the effective medium approximation will still yield a low‐scattering composition.
10.1098/rsta.1904.0024
10.1098/rsta.1906.0007
10.1007/s00340-003-1209-4
Several effective medium models (such as Maxwell–Garnett Bruggeman Bergman etc.) have been postulated that differ by the underlying assumptions about the systems' morphology as well as the approximation used to capture interactions between the inclusions. For the case of discrete particle inclusions in a homogeneous medium Maxwell–Garnett theory is generally considered to be most appropriate. In the quasi‐static limit (i.e. for particle diameters much smaller than the wavelength of light) Maxwell‐Garnett theory presents an analytically accurate solution to the effective dielectric constant of a core‐shell particle (see reference 14).
H. C. v. d. Hulst Light Scattering by Small Particles Dover Publications New York1981.
The effective refractive index is calculated assuming that the solvent does not interpenetrate the polymer brush grafted to the particle surface i.e. the polymer is in the dry‐brush regime (valid in the limit of high grafting densities).
10.1002/polb.20624
The assumption of the refractive index of the grafted polymer shell being constant (as indicated in Fig. 1) implies constant polymer density and thus only approximately describes the realistic scenario involving solvent penetration (that results in a continuous variation of the refractive index throughout the shell). This simplification does not compromise the application of effective medium theory to determine the index‐matching condition because only the integral of the polarizability over the total particle volume is considered. Rather swelling will affect the angle‐dependence of the scattered light that explicitly probes the spatial distribution of the particle's polarizability. This however is of no concern for the design of null‐scattering particle additives.
10.1021/cr940534g
10.1002/marc.200300078
10.1021/ma034188t
10.1021/ma0522716
10.1002/ange.200600272
10.1002/marc.200600060
10.1021/ma070424e
10.1021/la063402e
10.1002/polb.10329
The molecular weight of the particles is calculated assuming uniform particle diameterd = 20 nm and grafting densities and molecular weights of the grafted PS as provided in Table 1. With respect to the conclusions drawn from the experimental data this value provides an appropriate estimate since deviations (e.g. arising from the finite disparity of particle sizes) will affect all samples similarly.
10.1063/1.2234722
10.1103/PhysRevA.42.6816
10.1063/1.1629281
Since only relative particle core/shell volumes are considered in Equation 1 the prediction forneffis robust with respect to particle size disparity.
Y. S. Lipatov A. E. Nesterov Thermodynamics of Polymer Blends Polymer Thermodynamics Library Vol. 1 Technomic Lancaster PA1997.
10.1021/ma980725b
B. Chu Laser Light Scattering 2nd ed. Academic San Diego CA1990. (10.1016/B978-0-12-174551-6.50005-7)

Dates

Type	When
Created	17 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 11, 2007, 11:46 a.m.)
Deposited	1 year, 9 months ago (Nov. 20, 2023, 7:47 p.m.)
Indexed	1 year, 3 months ago (May 29, 2024, 2:27 a.m.)
Issued	17 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 11, 2007)
Published	17 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 11, 2007)
Published Online	17 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 11, 2007)
Published Print	17 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 17, 2007)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Bombalski_2007, title={Null‐Scattering Hybrid Particles Using Controlled Radical Polymerization}, volume={19}, ISSN={1521-4095}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.200700928}, DOI={10.1002/adma.200700928}, number={24}, journal={Advanced Materials}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Bombalski, L. and Dong, H. and Listak, J. and Matyjaszewsk, K. and Bockstaller, M. R.}, year={2007}, month=dec, pages={4486–4490} }

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