DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201803738. Room‐Temperature Ferroelectricity in Hexagonally Layered α‐In<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> Nanoflakes down to the Monolayer Limit

Room‐Temperature Ferroelectricity in Hexagonally Layered α‐In2Se3 Nanoflakes down to the Monolayer Limit

10.1002/adfm.201803738

Crossref journal-article

Wiley

Advanced Functional Materials (311)

Abstract

Abstract2D ferroelectric material has emerged as an attractive building block for high‐density data storage nanodevices. Although monolayer van der Waals ferroelectrics have been theoretically predicted, a key experimental breakthrough for such calculations is still not realized. Here, hexagonally stacking α‐In2Se3 nanoflake, a rarely studied van der Waals polymorph, is reported to exhibit out‐of‐plane (OOP) and in‐plane (IP) ferroelectricity at room temperature. Ferroelectric multidomain states in a hexagonal α‐In2Se3 nanoflake with uniform thickness can survive to 6 nm. Most strikingly, the electric‐field‐induced polarization switching and hysteresis loop are, respectively, observed down to the bilayer and monolayer (≈1.2 nm) thicknesses, which designates it as the thinnest layered ferroelectric and verifies the corresponding theoretical calculation. In addition, two types of ferroelectric nanodevices employing the OOP and IP polarizations in 2H α‐In2Se3 are developed, which are applicable for nonvolatile memories and heterostructure‐based nanoelectronics/optoelectronics.

Bibliography

Xue, F., Hu, W., Lee, K., Lu, L., Zhang, J., Tang, H., Han, A., Hsu, W., Tu, S., Chang, W., Lien, C., He, J., Zhang, Z., Li, L., & Zhang, X. (2018). RoomâTemperature Ferroelectricity in Hexagonally Layered Î±âIn2Se3 Nanoflakes down to the Monolayer Limit. Advanced Functional Materials, 28(50). Portico.

Authors 15

Fei Xue (first)
Weijin Hu (additional)
Ko‐Chun Lee (additional)
Li‐Syuan Lu (additional)
Junwei Zhang (additional)
Hao‐Ling Tang (additional)
Ali Han (additional)
Wei‐Ting Hsu (additional)
Shaobo Tu (additional)
Wen‐Hao Chang (additional)
Chen‐Hsin Lien (additional)
Jr‐Hau He (additional)
Zhidong Zhang (additional)
Lain‐Jong Li (additional)
Xixiang Zhang (additional)

References 28 Referenced 322

Dates

Type	When
Created	6 years, 9 months ago (Oct. 22, 2018, 2:01 a.m.)
Deposited	1 year, 11 months ago (Sept. 14, 2023, 10:44 p.m.)
Indexed	2 days, 3 hours ago (Aug. 19, 2025, 6 a.m.)
Issued	6 years, 10 months ago (Oct. 21, 2018)
Published	6 years, 10 months ago (Oct. 21, 2018)
Published Online	6 years, 10 months ago (Oct. 21, 2018)
Published Print	6 years, 8 months ago (Dec. 1, 2018)

Funders 4

King Abdullah University of Science and Technology 10.13039/501100004052
Region: Asia
pri (Universities (academic only))
Labels2
1. جامعة الملك عبدالله للعلوم والتقنية
2. KAUST
Awards2
1. CRF‐2015‐2634‐CRG4
2. CRF‐2016‐2996‐CRG5
Chinese Academy of Sciences 10.13039/501100002367
Region: Asia
gov (Universities (academic only))
Labels3
1. 中国科学院
2. Academia Sinica
3. CAS
Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan 10.13039/501100004663
Region: Asia
gov (National government)
Labels3
1. Ministry of Science and Technology, R.O.C. (Taiwan)
2. Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan
3. MOST
Awards2
1. 107‐2112‐M‐009‐024‐MY3
2. 105‐2119‐M‐009‐014‐MY3
National Chiao Tung University 10.13039/501100005799
Region: Asia
gov (Universities (academic only))
Labels1
1. NCTU

BibTeX

@article{Xue_2018, title={Room‐Temperature Ferroelectricity in Hexagonally Layered α‐In2Se3 Nanoflakes down to the Monolayer Limit}, volume={28}, ISSN={1616-3028}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201803738}, DOI={10.1002/adfm.201803738}, number={50}, journal={Advanced Functional Materials}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Xue, Fei and Hu, Weijin and Lee, Ko‐Chun and Lu, Li‐Syuan and Zhang, Junwei and Tang, Hao‐Ling and Han, Ali and Hsu, Wei‐Ting and Tu, Shaobo and Chang, Wen‐Hao and Lien, Chen‐Hsin and He, Jr‐Hau and Zhang, Zhidong and Li, Lain‐Jong and Zhang, Xixiang}, year={2018}, month=oct }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2025,
        8,
        19
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2025-08-19T10:00:27Z",
    "timestamp": 1755597627463,
    "version": "3.41.2"
  },
  "reference-count": 28,
  "publisher": "Wiley",
  "issue": "50",
  "license": [
    {
      "start": {
        "date-parts": [
          [
            2018,
            10,
            21
          ]
        ],
        "date-time": "2018-10-21T00:00:00Z",
        "timestamp": 1540080000000
      },
      "content-version": "vor",
      "delay-in-days": 0,
      "URL": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor"
    }
  ],
  "funder": [
    {
      "DOI": "10.13039/501100004052",
      "name": "King Abdullah University of Science and Technology",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "award": [
        "CRF\u20102015\u20102634\u2010CRG4",
        "CRF\u20102016\u20102996\u2010CRG5"
      ],
      "id": [
        {
          "id": "10.13039/501100004052",
          "id-type": "DOI",
          "asserted-by": "publisher"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "DOI": "10.13039/501100002367",
      "name": "Chinese Academy of Sciences",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "id": [
        {
          "id": "10.13039/501100002367",
          "id-type": "DOI",
          "asserted-by": "publisher"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "DOI": "10.13039/501100004663",
      "name": "Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "award": [
        "105\u20102119\u2010M\u2010009\u2010014\u2010MY3",
        "107\u20102112\u2010M\u2010009\u2010024\u2010MY3"
      ],
      "id": [
        {
          "id": "10.13039/501100004663",
          "id-type": "DOI",
          "asserted-by": "publisher"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "DOI": "10.13039/501100005799",
      "name": "National Chiao Tung University",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "id": [
        {
          "id": "10.13039/501100005799",
          "id-type": "DOI",
          "asserted-by": "publisher"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [
      "onlinelibrary.wiley.com"
    ],
    "crossmark-restriction": true
  },
  "published-print": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2018,
        12
      ]
    ]
  },
  "abstract": "<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>2D ferroelectric material has emerged as an attractive building block for high\u2010density data storage nanodevices. Although monolayer van der Waals ferroelectrics have been theoretically predicted, a key experimental breakthrough for such calculations is still not realized. Here, hexagonally stacking \u03b1\u2010In<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>Se<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> nanoflake, a rarely studied van der Waals polymorph, is reported to exhibit out\u2010of\u2010plane (OOP) and in\u2010plane (IP) ferroelectricity at room temperature. Ferroelectric multidomain states in a hexagonal \u03b1\u2010In<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>Se<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> nanoflake with uniform thickness can survive to 6 nm. Most strikingly, the electric\u2010field\u2010induced polarization switching and hysteresis loop are, respectively, observed down to the bilayer and monolayer (\u22481.2 nm) thicknesses, which designates it as the thinnest layered ferroelectric and verifies the corresponding theoretical calculation. In addition, two types of ferroelectric nanodevices employing the OOP and IP polarizations in 2H \u03b1\u2010In<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>Se<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> are developed, which are applicable for nonvolatile memories and heterostructure\u2010based nanoelectronics/optoelectronics.</jats:p>",
  "DOI": "10.1002/adfm.201803738",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2018,
        10,
        22
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2018-10-22T06:01:16Z",
    "timestamp": 1540188076000
  },
  "update-policy": "https://doi.org/10.1002/crossmark_policy",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 322,
  "title": "Room\u2010Temperature Ferroelectricity in Hexagonally Layered \u03b1\u2010In<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> Nanoflakes down to the Monolayer Limit",
  "prefix": "10.1002",
  "volume": "28",
  "author": [
    {
      "ORCID": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9039-7088",
      "authenticated-orcid": false,
      "given": "Fei",
      "family": "Xue",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Physical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology  Thuwal 23955\u20106900 Saudi Arabia"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Weijin",
      "family": "Hu",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal Research (IMR) Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)  Shenyang 110016 China"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Ko\u2010Chun",
      "family": "Lee",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Institute of Electronics Engineering National TsingHua University  Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Li\u2010Syuan",
      "family": "Lu",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Department of Electrophysics National Chiao Tung University  Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Junwei",
      "family": "Zhang",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Physical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology  Thuwal 23955\u20106900 Saudi Arabia"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Hao\u2010Ling",
      "family": "Tang",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Physical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology  Thuwal 23955\u20106900 Saudi Arabia"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Ali",
      "family": "Han",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Physical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology  Thuwal 23955\u20106900 Saudi Arabia"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Wei\u2010Ting",
      "family": "Hsu",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Department of Electrophysics National Chiao Tung University  Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Shaobo",
      "family": "Tu",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Physical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology  Thuwal 23955\u20106900 Saudi Arabia"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Wen\u2010Hao",
      "family": "Chang",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Department of Electrophysics National Chiao Tung University  Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Chen\u2010Hsin",
      "family": "Lien",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Institute of Electronics Engineering National TsingHua University  Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Jr\u2010Hau",
      "family": "He",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology  Thuwal 23955\u20106900 Saudi Arabia"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Zhidong",
      "family": "Zhang",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal Research (IMR) Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)  Shenyang 110016 China"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Lain\u2010Jong",
      "family": "Li",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Physical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology  Thuwal 23955\u20106900 Saudi Arabia"
        },
        {
          "name": "Corporate Research and Chief Technology Office Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC)  Hsinchu 30075 Taiwan"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "given": "Xixiang",
      "family": "Zhang",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "name": "Physical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology  Thuwal 23955\u20106900 Saudi Arabia"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "member": "311",
  "published-online": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2018,
        10,
        21
      ]
    ]
  },
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_1_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/nnano.2011.213"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_2_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/nmat3415"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_3_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/nature08128"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_4_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.1218693"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_5_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1021/nn800808s"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_6_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/s41565-017-0010-1"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_7_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/ncomms10808"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_8_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/nmat3564"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_9_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1021/nl502669v"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_10_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00491"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_11_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/ncomms14956"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_12_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.097601"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_13_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b03020"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_14_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1039/C8MH00082D"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_15_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/ncomms12357"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_16_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02198"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_17_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04852"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_18_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1002/pssa.2210060134"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_19_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1107/S0021889879012863"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_20_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1021/acsnano.8b02152"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_21_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b01590"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_22_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1021/am400128e"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_23_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1002/pssb.2221240241"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_24_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1021/nn405037s"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_25_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0025-5408(01)00746-2"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_26_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1021/nl400888p"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_27_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b03575"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_28_1",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.1206980"
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "Advanced Functional Materials",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fadfm.201803738",
      "content-type": "application/pdf",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "text-mining"
    },
    {
      "URL": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/adfm.201803738",
      "content-type": "application/pdf",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "text-mining"
    },
    {
      "URL": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/adfm.201803738",
      "content-type": "application/xml",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "text-mining"
    },
    {
      "URL": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/adfm.201803738",
      "content-type": "unspecified",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "similarity-checking"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2023,
        9,
        15
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2023-09-15T02:44:00Z",
    "timestamp": 1694745840000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adfm.201803738"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2018,
        10,
        21
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 28,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "50",
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2018,
          12
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "alternative-id": [
    "10.1002/adfm.201803738"
  ],
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201803738",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "1616-301X",
    "1616-3028"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "container-title-short": "Adv Funct Materials",
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2018,
        10,
        21
      ]
    ]
  },
  "assertion": [
    {
      "value": "2018-05-30",
      "order": 0,
      "name": "received",
      "label": "Received",
      "group": {
        "name": "publication_history",
        "label": "Publication History"
      }
    },
    {
      "value": "2018-10-21",
      "order": 2,
      "name": "published",
      "label": "Published",
      "group": {
        "name": "publication_history",
        "label": "Publication History"
      }
    }
  ],
  "article-number": "1803738"
}