DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201200414. Heteroatom‐Modulated Switching of Photocatalytic Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution Preferences of Anatase TiO<sub>2</sub> Microspheres

Heteroatom‐Modulated Switching of Photocatalytic Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution Preferences of Anatase TiO2 Microspheres

10.1002/adfm.201200414

Crossref journal-article

Wiley

Advanced Functional Materials (311)

Abstract

AbstractUnderstanding and manipulating the two half‐reactions of photoinduced electron reduction and hole oxidation are key to designing and constructing efficient photocatalysts. Here, how the spatial distribution of the heteroatom modulates photocatalytic reduction (hydrogen evolution) and oxidation (oxygen evolution) reaction preferences is investigated by moving boron from the core to the shell of an anatase TiO2 microsphere along [001] via thermal diffusion control. The preference towards photocatalytic hydrogen and oxygen producing reactions from splitting water can be switched by creating a shell with an interstitial Bσ+ (σ ≤ 3) gradient in the TiO2 microsphere. This switching stems from the downward shift of electronic band edges of the shell by a band bending effect that originates from the extra electrons coming from the interstitial Bσ+. These results create new opportunities for designing and constructing efficient photocatalysts by spatial heteroatom engineering.

Bibliography

Liu, G., Pan, J., Yin, L., Irvine, J. T., Li, F., Tan, J., Wormald, P., & Cheng, H. (2012). HeteroatomâModulated Switching of Photocatalytic Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution Preferences of Anatase TiO2 Microspheres. Advanced Functional Materials, 22(15), 3233â3238. Portico.

Authors 8

Gang Liu (first)
Jian Pan (additional)
Lichang Yin (additional)
John TS Irvine (additional)
Feng Li (additional)
Jun Tan (additional)
Philip Wormald (additional)
Hui‐Ming Cheng (additional)

References 36 Referenced 139

Dates

Type	When
Created	13 years, 4 months ago (April 23, 2012, 8:36 a.m.)
Deposited	1 year, 10 months ago (Oct. 10, 2023, 11:02 p.m.)
Indexed	2 days, 15 hours ago (Sept. 2, 2025, 6:44 a.m.)
Issued	13 years, 4 months ago (April 23, 2012)
Published	13 years, 4 months ago (April 23, 2012)
Published Online	13 years, 4 months ago (April 23, 2012)
Published Print	13 years ago (Aug. 7, 2012)

Funders 0

None

BibTeX

@article{Liu_2012, title={Heteroatom‐Modulated Switching of Photocatalytic Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution Preferences of Anatase TiO2 Microspheres}, volume={22}, ISSN={1616-3028}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201200414}, DOI={10.1002/adfm.201200414}, number={15}, journal={Advanced Functional Materials}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Liu, Gang and Pan, Jian and Yin, Lichang and Irvine, John TS and Li, Feng and Tan, Jun and Wormald, Philip and Cheng, Hui‐Ming}, year={2012}, month=apr, pages={3233–3238} }

JSON

{
  "indexed": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2025,
        9,
        2
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2025-09-02T10:44:33Z",
    "timestamp": 1756809873418
  },
  "reference-count": 36,
  "publisher": "Wiley",
  "issue": "15",
  "license": [
    {
      "start": {
        "date-parts": [
          [
            2012,
            4,
            23
          ]
        ],
        "date-time": "2012-04-23T00:00:00Z",
        "timestamp": 1335139200000
      },
      "content-version": "vor",
      "delay-in-days": 0,
      "URL": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor"
    }
  ],
  "content-domain": {
    "domain": [],
    "crossmark-restriction": false
  },
  "published-print": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2012,
        8,
        7
      ]
    ]
  },
  "abstract": "<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Understanding and manipulating the two half\u2010reactions of photoinduced electron reduction and hole oxidation are key to designing and constructing efficient photocatalysts. Here, how the spatial distribution of the heteroatom modulates photocatalytic reduction (hydrogen evolution) and oxidation (oxygen evolution) reaction preferences is investigated by moving boron from the core to the shell of an anatase TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> microsphere along [001] via thermal diffusion control. The preference towards photocatalytic hydrogen and oxygen producing reactions from splitting water can be switched by creating a shell with an interstitial B<jats:sup><jats:italic>\u03c3</jats:italic>+</jats:sup> (<jats:italic>\u03c3</jats:italic> \u2264 3) gradient in the TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> microsphere. This switching stems from the downward shift of electronic band edges of the shell by a band bending effect that originates from the extra electrons coming from the interstitial B<jats:sup>\u03c3+</jats:sup>. These results create new opportunities for designing and constructing efficient photocatalysts by spatial heteroatom engineering.</jats:p>",
  "DOI": "10.1002/adfm.201200414",
  "type": "journal-article",
  "created": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2012,
        4,
        23
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2012-04-23T12:36:30Z",
    "timestamp": 1335184590000
  },
  "page": "3233-3238",
  "source": "Crossref",
  "is-referenced-by-count": 139,
  "title": "Heteroatom\u2010Modulated Switching of Photocatalytic Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution Preferences of Anatase TiO<sub>2</sub> Microspheres",
  "prefix": "10.1002",
  "volume": "22",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "Gang",
      "family": "Liu",
      "sequence": "first",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Jian",
      "family": "Pan",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Lichang",
      "family": "Yin",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "John TS",
      "family": "Irvine",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Feng",
      "family": "Li",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Jun",
      "family": "Tan",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Philip",
      "family": "Wormald",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    },
    {
      "given": "Hui\u2010Ming",
      "family": "Cheng",
      "sequence": "additional",
      "affiliation": []
    }
  ],
  "member": "311",
  "published-online": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2012,
        4,
        23
      ]
    ]
  },
  "reference": [
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_1_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/238037a0"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_2_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/277637a0"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_3_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/35104607"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_4_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/414625a"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_5_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/440295a"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_6_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1021/cm901917a"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_7_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/nmat1734"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_8_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1039/B800489G"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_9_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1039/b822385h"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_10_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/nmat2317"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_11_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/nmat2780"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_12_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/nmat1695"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_13_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/nchem.1006"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_14_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/nmat1387"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_15_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1021/cr1001645"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_16_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1002/adfm.200700396"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_17_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1021/cr900075v"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_18_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1039/c0cs00211a"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_19_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1021/cr00033a004"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_20_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1021/cr00035a013"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_21_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1021/j100102a038"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_22_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.281.5379.945"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_23_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.1061051"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_24_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.1075035"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_25_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1126/science.1200448"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_26_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1021/cr050172k"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_27_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1021/jp065659r"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_28_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1039/B909930A"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_29_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1021/ja0396753"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_30_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1039/b909191m"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_31_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1038/nature06964"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_32_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1039/c1cc10665a"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_33_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1021/jp0377782"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_34_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1021/jp8072238"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_35_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1021/jp108008a"
    },
    {
      "key": "e_1_2_7_36_2",
      "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
      "DOI": "10.1016/S0167-5729(02)00100-0"
    }
  ],
  "container-title": "Advanced Functional Materials",
  "original-title": [],
  "language": "en",
  "link": [
    {
      "URL": "https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fadfm.201200414",
      "content-type": "unspecified",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "text-mining"
    },
    {
      "URL": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/adfm.201200414",
      "content-type": "unspecified",
      "content-version": "vor",
      "intended-application": "similarity-checking"
    }
  ],
  "deposited": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2023,
        10,
        11
      ]
    ],
    "date-time": "2023-10-11T03:02:24Z",
    "timestamp": 1696993344000
  },
  "score": 1,
  "resource": {
    "primary": {
      "URL": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adfm.201200414"
    }
  },
  "subtitle": [],
  "short-title": [],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2012,
        4,
        23
      ]
    ]
  },
  "references-count": 36,
  "journal-issue": {
    "issue": "15",
    "published-print": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2012,
          8,
          7
        ]
      ]
    }
  },
  "alternative-id": [
    "10.1002/adfm.201200414"
  ],
  "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201200414",
  "relation": {},
  "ISSN": [
    "1616-301X",
    "1616-3028"
  ],
  "subject": [],
  "container-title-short": "Adv Funct Materials",
  "published": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2012,
        4,
        23
      ]
    ]
  }
}